(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
miR-122 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 跳とべ转到内容ないよう

miR-122

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科ひゃっか，自由じゆう的てき百科ひゃっか全ぜん书
pri-miR-122
mir-122的てき二に級きゅう結構けっこう和わ保守ほしゅ序列じょれつ
识别符ふ
代だい号ごう mir-122
Rfam RF00684
miRBase MI0000442
miRBase MIPF0000095
其他数すう据すえ
RNA类型 Gene; miRNA
域いき Eukaryota

miR-122（英語えいご：miR-122 microRNA）是ぜ一いち個こmiRNA，在ざい脊椎せきつい动物中なか保守ほしゅ，但ただし不ふ存在そんざい无脊椎せきつい动物基もと因いん组中なか，且无旁つくり系けい同どう源みなもと物もの[1]。miR-122在ざい肝かん脏中高なかだか表ひょう达[2]，可か调节脂肪酸しぼうさん代謝たいしゃ，也与肝かん細胞さいぼう癌がん和わ丙へい型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく复制有ゆう关[3]。

表現ひょうげん與あずか調しらべ控ひかえ

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miR-122於2002年ねん克かつ隆たかし小しょう鼠ねずみ組織そしき特異とくい性せいmiRNA的てき研究けんきゅう中ちゅう發現はつげん，僅在肝臟かんぞう細胞さいぼう中ちゅう表現ひょうげん[2]，後續こうぞく實驗じっけん在ざい斑馬しまうま魚ぎょ中也ちゅうや發現はつげん此miRNA於肝臟かんぞう細胞さいぼう中ちゅう特異とくい性せい地ち表現ひょうげん[4]。miR-122的てき表ひょう現在げんざい胚胎はいたい發育はついく的てき過程かてい中ちゅう逐漸增加ぞうか，成年せいねん人じん肝臟かんぞう中有ちゅうう高だか達たち72%的てきmiRNA為ためmiR-122，為ため人體じんたい所有しょゆう組織そしき中ちゅう表現ひょうげん量りょう最大さいだい的てきmiRNA[5]。人類じんるい的てきmiR-122由よし18號ごう染色せんしょく體たい上うえ的てき單たん一基因座編碼，該基因いん座ざ可か轉てん錄ろく產さん生せいmiR-122的てき前驅ぜんく物ぶつpri-miR-122（如右圖ず所しょ示しめせ），過程かてい受HNF4A（英えい语：HNF4A）蛋白たんぱく調ちょう控ひかえ[6]；pri-miR-122可か再さい被ひ若干じゃっかんRNA酶切きり割わり產さん生長せいちょう22nt的てき成熟せいじゅくmiR-122[2][7]。成熟せいじゅく的てきmiR-122之これ3′端はし會かい由ゆかりGLD-2（英えい语：GLD-2）聚合酶加上じょう一いち個こA，可か提ひさげ升ます此miRNA的てき穩定度ど[8]。

有ゆう研究けんきゅう顯示けんじmiR-122的てき表現ひょうげん也受晝夜ちゅうや節ぶし律りつ蛋白たんぱくRev-ErbA alpha（英えい语：Rev-ErbA alpha）調しらべ控ひかえ，因いん此其表現ひょうげん可能かのう隨ずい生理せいり時じ鐘かね變化へんか，且此miRNA也可調ちょう控ひかえPPARβべーた/δでるた（英えい语：Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta）等とう數個すうこ晝夜ちゅうや節ぶし律りつ蛋白たんぱく之のmRNA的てき基もと因いん表現ひょうげん[9]。

標的ひょうてき

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miR-122可か與あずか許多きょたmRNA結合けつごう以調控ひかえ其基因いん表現ひょうげん，例れい如它可か與あずかCAT-1（英えい语：High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1）mRNA的てき3'UTR結合けつごう以抑制よくせい其轉てん譯やく，並なみ使し該mRNA被ひ送おく入いれ處理しょり小體こてい中ちゅう；而當細胞さいぼう面めん臨特定とくてい逆境ぎゃっきょう時じ，有ゆう另一蛋白たんぱくHuR（英えい语：HuR）會かい從したがえ細胞さいぼう核かく移うつり至いたり細胞さいぼう質しつ中ちゅう，此蛋白也はくや可か與あずかCAT-1之のmRNA的てき3'UTR結合けつごう，可か將しょう該mRNA自じ處理しょり小體こてい中ちゅう釋しゃく出いずる，並なみ恢復かいふく其轉譯やく，解除かいじょmiR-122的てき抑制よくせい效果こうか[10]。

miR-122的てき標的ひょうてきmRNA還かえ有ゆうCD320（英えい语：CD320）、ALDOA與あずかBCKDK（英えい语：BCKDK）等ひとし（給きゅう小しょう鼠ねずみ施ほどこせ予よmiR-122的てき抑制よくせい劑ざい後ご，以mRNA微ほろ陣列じんれつ（英えい语：Microarray）的てき實驗じっけん分析ぶんせき發現はつげん），此miRNA控ひかえ制せい許多きょた和わ脂肪酸しぼうさん代謝たいしゃ相關そうかん的てき基もと因いん表現ひょうげん，受抑制よくせい劑ざい抑制よくせい後會こうかい降くだ低てい小しょう鼠ねずみ的てき血ち脂あぶら含量、促進そくしん肝臟かんぞう代謝たいしゃ脂肪酸しぼうさん、並なみ抑制よくせい肝臟かんぞう合成ごうせい脂肪酸しぼうさん和わ膽きも固かた醇あつし，但ただし具體ぐたい機き制せい尚なお未み被ひ完かん整せい闡明せんめい[11][12][13]。此外miR-122的てき標的ひょうてきmRNA還かえ有ゆうHJV（英えい语：Hemojuvelin）與あずかHFE（英えい语：HFE (gene)）等ひとし與あずか鐵てつ代謝たいしゃ相關そうかん的てき基もと因いん[14]，以及SIRT6（英えい语：SIRT6）等ひとし與あずか心こころ血管けっかん疾病しっぺい相關そうかん的てき基もと因いん[15]。

許多きょた研究けんきゅう亦また指出さしでmiR-122可か調ちょう控ひかえ許多きょた參與さんよ干ひ擾素（IFN）反應はんのう途と徑みち的てき基もと因いん，活かつ化か干ひ擾素反應はんのう，增強ぞうきょう抗こう病毒びょうどく基もと因いん的てき表現ひょうげん[16][17][17][18][19][20]。有ゆう細胞さいぼう實驗じっけん結果けっか顯示けんじmiR-122過か表ひょう達たち的てき細胞さいぼう抗こうRNA病毒びょうどく的てき干ひ擾素等とう先天せんてん免疫めんえき反應はんのう較強[18]。

肝かん細胞さいぼう癌がん患者かんじゃ肝きも細胞さいぼう中ちゅう的てきmiR-122表現ひょうげん量りょう經常けいじょう較未患病者しゃ低てい，且低miR-122表現ひょうげん與あずか較差かくさ的てき預あずか後のち呈てい正せい相關そうかん[21][22]。細胞さいぼう實驗じっけん顯示けんじmiR-122屬ぞく於腫しゅ瘤こぶ抑制よくせい基もと因いん，其表現ひょうげん可か抑制よくせい癌がん變へん，並なみ增強ぞうきょう索さく拉ひしげ非ひ尼あま與あずか阿おもね黴かび素もと等ひとし化か療藥物やくぶつ的てき療效[23][24]。已やめ知ちADAM10（英えい语：ADAM10）、IGF-1R、CCNG1（英えい语：CCNG1）與あずかADAM17（英えい语：ADAM17）等とうmiR-122的てき標的ひょうてき基もと因いん都と與あずか肝かん細胞さいぼう的てき癌がん變へん有ゆう關せき[23][24][25]。

調しらべ控ひかえC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく

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C型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく在ざい肝きも細胞さいぼう中ちゅう的てき複製ふくせい（英えい语：Viral replication）仰おおせ賴よりゆきmiR-122[26]，miR-122可か與あずかC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどくRNA5′端はし兩個りゃんこ相しょう鄰的位い點てん結合けつごう[27]，這兩個りゃんこ位い點在てんざい不同ふどう基もと因いん型がた的てきC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく中ちゅう均ひとし高度こうど保守ほしゅ[28]。miRNA的てき功こう能のう一般為抑制基因表現，miR-122促進そくしんC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく基もと因いん表現ひょうげん的てき機き制せい尚なお不完全ふかんぜん明朗めいろう，它可促進そくしんC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどくRNA的てき轉てん譯やく，例れい如近期き研究けんきゅう發現はつげんmiR-122結合けつごうC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどくRNA後ご可能かのう改變かいへん其二に級きゅう結構けっこう，生成せいせい內部核かく糖とう體からだ進入しんにゅう位い點てん（IRES）而提升ます轉てん譯やく[29]，此外可能かのう還かえ有ゆう其他機き制せい參與さんよ促進そくしん病毒びょうどく的てき複製ふくせい[30][31]。miR-122促進そくしんC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどくRNA表現ひょうげん的てき機き制せい應需おうじゅAGO蛋白たんぱく（英えい语：Argonaute）的てき參與さんよ[32]（但ただしmiR-122表現ひょうげん量りょう夠高時じ可能かのう不ふ需[33]），DDX6（英えい语：DDX6）等とう其他miRISC複ふく合體がったい的てき組成そせい蛋白たんぱく則そく非ひ必須ひっす[34]。

Peginterferon alfa-2a（英えい语：Peginterferon alfa-2a）與あずか利り巴ともえ韋林等とう現有げんゆう治療ちりょうC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく的てき藥物やくぶつ療效有限ゆうげん且副作用ふくさよう強きょう[35]，miR-122抑制よくせい劑ざい為ため一種具潛力的藥物，即そく以與miR-122互補的てき核酸かくさん和わ其結合けつごう以抑制よくせい其功能のう，但ただし因いん低ていmiR-122與あずか肝かん細胞さいぼう癌がん正せい相關そうかん，此類藥物やくぶつ需經謹慎きんしん測はか試こころみ，且不應おう長期ちょうき施ほどこせ用よう[18]。丹に麥むぎ製藥せいやく公司こうしSantaris Pharma（英えい语：Santaris Pharma）開發かいはつ中ちゅう的てき抗こうC型がた肝炎かんえん病毒びょうどく藥物やくぶつMiravirsen（英えい语：Miravirsen）即そく為ため與あずかmiR-122互補的てき鎖くさり核酸かくさん[36]。

生物せいぶつ標記ひょうき

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miR-122被ひ用作ようさく許多きょた肝きも病びょう的てき生物せいぶつ標記ひょうき，血液けつえき中ちゅうmiR-122的てき含量可か作為さくい病毒びょうどく、酒精しゅせい或ある藥物やくぶつ性せい的てき肝臟かんぞう損傷そんしょう[37][38][39]以及肝臟かんぞう移植いしょく（英えい语：Liver transplantation）後發こうはつ生せい排斥はいせき的てき指標しひょう[40][41]，其含量りょう改變かいへん可能かのう比ひ轉うたて氨酶含量的てき改變かいへん更さら早はや發生はっせい，因いん此可用作ようさく肝臟かんぞう損傷そんしょう的てき早期そうき指標しひょう[40][42]。此外miR-122還かえ可用かよう作さく纖維せんい化か、高血壓こうけつあつ、動脈どうみゃく粥かゆ狀じょう硬化こうか等とう心しん血管けっかん疾病しっぺい的てき早期そうき指標しひょう[15]。

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん

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