步行
起源 [编辑]
鸟类、
在 不同 动物中 [编辑]
人 类[编辑]
对人类而
马[编辑]
马的
大 象 [编辑]
对健康 的 影 响[编辑]
如可以
参 见[编辑]
可 步行 性 - 衡量对步行 的 友好 程度 的 指 标
参考 资料[编辑]
- ^ Cavagna GA, Heglund NC, Taylor CR. Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure.. American Journal of Physiology. 1977, 233 (5): R243–261. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1977.233.5.R243.
- ^ H. Jung et al. The ancient origins of neural substrates for land walking. (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) Cell. Vol. 172, 2018-02-08, p. 667. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.013 - ^ Garisto, Dan, The wiring for walking developed long before fish left the sea (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) . Science News . 2018-02-08 - ^ Choi, Charles. Hopping fish suggests walking originated underwater; Discovery might redraw the evolutionary route scientists think life took from water to land. NBC News. 2011-12-12 [2012-08-22]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-09-10). - ^ What has the head of a crocodile and the gills of a fish?. evolution.berkeley.edu. [2018-06-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-04-24). - ^ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects – David Grimaldi, Michael S. Engel – Google Books. 2005-05-16 [2018-06-11]. ISBN 9780521821490. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-09-10). - ^ Dunham, Will. Footprints show human ancestor with modern stride. Reuters. 2009-02-26 [2009-08]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-14). - ^ Harmon, Katherine. Researchers Uncover 1.5 Million-Year-Old Footprints. Scientific American. 2009-02-26 [2009-08].
- ^ Uyar, Erol; Baser, Özgün; Baci, Recep; Özçivici, Engin. Investigation of Bipedal Human Gait Dynamics and Knee Motion Control (PDF). Izmir, Turkey: Dokuz Eylül University – Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering. 2002-10 [2009-08-01]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2012-05-28). - ^ Walk without waste. ABC Online Index. 2001-01 [2009-08]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-09). - ^ Samra HA, Specker B. Walking age does not explain term versus preterm difference in bone geometry. J Pediatr. July 2007, 151 (1): 61–6, 66.e1–2. PMC 2031218 . PMID 17586192. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.033.
- ^ Study Compares Older and Younger Pedestrian Walking Speeds. TranSafety, Inc. 1997-10-01 [2009-08-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-07-03). - ^ Aspelin, Karen. Establishing Pedestrian Walking Speeds (PDF). Portland State University. 2005-05-25 [2009-08-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2021-03-14). - ^ Harris, Susan E. Horse Gaits, Balance and Movement New York: Howell Book House 1993 ISBN 0-87605-955-8 pp. 32–33
- ^ Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T.; Zinner, D. A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006, 103 (46): 17296–301. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317296S. PMC 1859925 . PMID 17085582. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603689103.
- ^ Hutchinson, J. R.; Schwerda, D.; Famini, D. J.; Dale, R. H.; Fischer, M. S. & Kram, R. The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2006, 209 (19): 3812–27. PMID 16985198. doi:10.1242/jeb.02443 .
- ^ Genin, J. J.; Willems, P. A.; Cavagna, G. A.; Lair, R. & Heglund, N. C. Biomechanics of locomotion in Asian elephants. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2010, 213 (5): 694–706. PMID 20154184. doi:10.1242/jeb.035436 .
- ^ Balish, Chris. How to live well without owning a car. Ten Speed Press. 2006: 134. ISBN 1580087574. (Google books)
- ^ Mayo Clinic - Proper walking technique (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - ^ Community Development Department, City of Cambridge, Massachusetts - The Health Benefits of Walking 互联网档
案 馆的 存 档,存 档日期 2012-05-02. - ^ Boone, Tommy. Benefits of Walking. HowStuffWorks. [2009-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2010-03-28). - ^ Walking for fitness: How to trim your waistline, improve your health. Mayo Clinic. [September 2009]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-07-30). - ^ Crawford, Deborah. Why Walking is the Most-recommended Exercise. BellaOnline. [September 2009]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-07-02). - ^ Brown, Marie Annette; Robinson, Jo. When your body gets the blues: the clinically proven program for women who feel tired and stressed and eat too much. Rodale. 2002: 82. ISBN 157954486X.
- ^ Edlin, Gordon; Golanty, Eric. Health and wellness. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2007: 156. ISBN 0763741450.
- ^ Tolley, Rodney. Sustainable transport: planning for walking and cycling in urban environments. Woodhead Publishing. 2003: 72. ISBN 1855736144.
- ^ Yeager, Selene; Doherty, Bridget. The Prevention Get Thin Get Young Plan. Rodale. 2000. ISBN 1579542174.
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