Original Word: εいぷしろんἰ
Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction
Transliteration: ei
Phonetic Spelling: (i)
Definition: forasmuch as, if, that
Usage: if.

1487 ei (a conditional conjunction) – if. 1487 /ei (followed by any verb) expresses "a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions" (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument) (BAGD). Accordingly, 1487 (ei) should not be translated "since," but rather always "if" – since the assumption may only be portrayed as valid (true, factual).

Word Origin
a prim. particle; if, whether (a cond. part. introducing circumstances nec. for a given proposition to be true
Definition
sometimes used with a command or as an indirect question, etc.)
NASB Translation
although* (1), if (341), no (1), only (1), only* (11), suppose* (1), though (7), though* (5), unless (2), unless* (5), until* (1), whatever* (1), whether (19), whoever* (3).

STRONGS NT 1487: εいぷしろんἰ

[εいぷしろんἰ, ἰ: εいぷしろんἰ and ἰ are frequent interchanged in N. T. spelling. This is due partly to itacism, partly to the endeavor to mark the iota sound as long or short. See the remarks on this subject in WHs Appendix, p. 152f (cf. Introductory § 399); Tdf Proleg., p. 83f; Sophocles' Lexicon, under the word εいぷしろんἰ. The use of iota ἰ for εいぷしろんἰ is noticed under the word Iota; instances in which εいぷしろんἰ is substituted for iota ἰ are the folling: Ἀβειληνη WH; Ἀδδει T Tr WH; Ἀντειπας T; Ἀρεοπαγειτης T; Βενιάμειν L T Tr WH; Δαυειδ L T Tr WH; Ἐζεκειας L; Ἐλαμειτης T WH; Ἐλεισαβετ WH; Ἐσλει T Tr WH; Ἐυνεικη Rec.st; ἡλらむだεいぷしろんιいおた T Tr WH; ἠλειας T WH; ἱερείχω T WH; ἱεροσολυμειτης T WH; Ἰσραηλειτης T WH, so Tr in John 1:47 (48); Ἰωσείας L T Tr WH; κかっぱεいぷしろんἰς L T Tr WH; Κかっぱυうぷしろんρろーεいぷしろんῖνος Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; Λευεις T WH, so Tr except in Mark 2:14; Λευειτης T WH, so Tr except in Acts 4:36; Λευειτικος T WH; Μελχει T Tr WH; Νにゅーηいーたρろーεいぷしろんιいおた T Tr WH; Νινευειτης T WH, so Tr in Matthew 12:41; Ὀζείας L T Tr WH; Πぱいεいぷしろんιいおたλらむだᾶτος T WH; Σしぐまεいぷしろんμみゅーηいーたιいおたνにゅー T Tr WH; Ταβειθα WH; Χερούβειν L T Tr WH (χερουβιμ R G); Χοράζειν T Tr WH; ἀφειδεια L; ἐιδεια T Tr WH; ἐπαρχεία T WH; ἐπιποθεια WH; ἡλらむだεいぷしろんιいおた T; πανοικεί T WH; ῥαββει T WH; ῥαββουνει WH; σαβαχθανε T Tr WH; ταλειθα WH; τάχειον WH; τραπεζειτης T WH.) εいぷしろんἰ, is first a conditional particle, if (Latinsi); secondly, an interrogative particle, whether, (Latinan, num, ne).

I. εいぷしろんἰ Conditional (on the difference between it and ἐάν, see ἐάν, I. 1 b.) is connected, according to the variety of conditions, with various tenses and moods; viz.

1. with the indicative of all tenses, when anything is simply and generally assumed to be, or to be done, or to have been done, or to be about to be, (Winers Grammar, § 41 b., 2; cf. 42, 2; (Buttmann, 220 (190))).

a. with the present indicative αあるふぁ. following in the apodosis by the present indicative: Matthew 19:10 (εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὕτως ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー ἡ αあるふぁἰτία ... οおみくろんὐ συμφέρει γがんまαあるふぁμみゅーῆσしぐまαあるふぁιいおた); ; Romans 7:16, 20; Romans 8:25; Romans 14:15; 1 Corinthians 9:17; Galatians 2:18; Galatians 5:18; Hebrews 12:8; James 2:8f, etc. βべーた. followed by an imperative in the apodosis — either the present, as (Matthew 19:17 L Tr text WH text); Mark 4:23; Mark 7:16 R G L; John 15:18; Acts 13:15; Acts 25:5; 1 Corinthians 7:12, 15; James 3:14, etc.; or the aorist, as Matthew 5:29, 30; Matthew 8:31; Matthew 19:17 (R G T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading); Mark 9:22 (cf. Buttmann, 55 (48)); Luke 22:67 (); 1 Corinthians 7:9. γがんま. followed by the future in the apodosis: ; Acts 5:39 L T Tr WH; ; Romans 8:11, 13; 2 Corinthians 11:30, etc. δでるた. followed by the perfect or the aorist in the apodosis, where it is declared that, if this or that is, something else has or has not occurred: Matthew 12:26, 28; Luke 11:20; 1 Corinthians 15:16; Galatians 2:21; Romans 4:14; 2 Peter 2:20. εいぷしろん. followed by the imperfect, either with or without ἄνにゅー, where in the protasis something is simply assumed to be, but the apodosis shows that what has been assumed cannot be the case. Three passages falling under this head have a doubtful or disputed text: εいぷしろんἰ ἔχετε (T Tr WH, for the R G L εいぷしろんἴχετε) ἐλέγετε ἄνにゅー, etc. Luke 17:6; εいぷしろんἰ ... μνημονεύουσιν (T Tr, for R G L WH ἐμνημόνευον) ... εいぷしろんἶχかいοおみくろんνにゅー ἄνにゅー, Hebrews 11:15 (where by the present tense the writer refers to the language of the Jewish Fathers as at present corded in the sacred Scriptures; cf. τたうοおみくろんιいおたαあるふぁῦτたうαあるふぁ λέγοντες Luke 17:14); εいぷしろんἰ τέκνα τたうοおみくろんῦ Ἀβραάμ ἐσしぐまτたうεいぷしろん (G L T Tr WH, for R ἦτたうεいぷしろん) ... ἐποιεῖτたうεいぷしろん ((WH text πぱいοおみくろんιいおたεいぷしろんῖτたうεいぷしろん.) R L add ἄνにゅー), John 8:39; Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Studien und Kritiken for 1858, p. 474ff (N. T. Gram. § 139, 26; but cf. Meyer on Luke, the passage cited). But 2 Corinthians 11:4 εいぷしろんἰ ... κηρύσσει ... ἀνείχεσθέ G T Tr WH marginal reading (ἀνέχεσθε L WH text) must not be referred to this head; here Paul in the protasis supposes something which actually occurred, in the apodosis censures a thing which actually occurred viz. the readiness with which his readers gave ear continually (this is indicated by the imperfect) to false teachers. On the difficulty of the passage cf. Holsten in the Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Theol. for 1874, p. 1ff; (cf. also Buttmann, 226 (195); but Winer's Grammar, 306 (287) and Meyer at the passage). ζぜーた. with a question as the apodosis: Matthew 6:23; John 5:47; John 7:23; John 8:46; 1 Peter 2:20.

b. with the future indicative: Matthew 26:33; James 2:11 R G; 1 Peter 2:20.

c. with the perfect indicative: John 11:12; Acts 16:15; Romans 6:5; Romans 11:6 (where after εいぷしろんἰ supply λらむだεいぷしろんῖμみゅーμみゅーαあるふぁ γέγονεν from what precedes), 2 Corinthians 2:5; 2 Corinthians 5:16; 2 Corinthians 7:14.

d. with the aorist indicative — followed by the present in the apodosis, Luke 19:8; Romans 4:2; Romans 15:27; followed by a question in the apodosis, Luke 16:11, 12; John 18:23; 1 Corinthians 4:7; 1 Corinthians 9:11; followed by the aorist in the apodosis, Revelation 20:15; by the Impv. in the apodosis, John 18:23; John 20:15; Romans 11:17; 1 Timothy 5:9, 10; Philemon 1:18; by the future in the apodosis, John 13:32; John 15:20; Hebrews 12:25 (where supply οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐκφευξόμεθα in the apodosis).

2. Not infrequently, when a conclusion is drawn from something that is quite certain, εいぷしろんἰ with the indicative is used argumentatively so as to be equivalent in sense to ἐπεί (cf. the use of German wenn) (cf. Winer's Grammar, 448 (418)): Matthew 12:28; Luke 23:31; John 7:4; Romans 5:17; Romans 6:5; Romans 8:31; Romans 11:6, 12; Colossians 2:20; Colossians 3:1, etc.

3. When it is said what would have been, or what would be now or in the future, if something else were or had been, εいぷしろんἰ is used with the imperfect, pluperfect, and aorist indicative; in the apodosis it is followed in direct discourse by ἄνにゅー with the imperfect or the pluperfect or the aorist; sometimes ἄνにゅー is omitted, (on the causes of the omission, see Buttmann, § 139, 27); sometimes the apodosis is made a question (cf. Winers Grammar, 304f (285f)).

a. εいぷしろんἰ with the imperfect, followed in the apodosis by ἄνにゅー with the imperfect: Matthew 23:30; Luke 7:39 (εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὗτος ἦνにゅー προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄνにゅー, if this man were a prophet, he would know); John 5:46; John 8:42; John 9:41; John 15:19; 1 Corinthians 11:31; Galatians 1:10; Hebrews 8:4, 7 (if ... were, etc., there would not be sought, etc., viz. in the O. T. passage quoted Hebrews 8:8); by a question in the apodosis: 1 Corinthians 12:19; Hebrews 7:11; by ἄνにゅー with the aorist, where the Latin uses the pluperfect subjunctive: John 11:32 if thou hadst been here, οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἄνにゅー ἀπέθανε μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん ὁ ἀδελφός, my brother would not have died (when he did (cf. below); Buttmann, § 139, 25 regards the imperfect in protasis as expressing duration)); John 4:10; John 18:30 (εいぷしろんἰ μή ἦνにゅー οおみくろんὗτος κακοποιός, οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἄνにゅー σしぐまοおみくろんιいおた παρεδώκαμεν αあるふぁὐτόν, we would not have delivered him to thee); Acts 18:14; by ἄνにゅー with the pluperfect: John 11:21 (εいぷしろんἰ ἦς ὧδでるたεいぷしろん ... οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἄνにゅー ἐτεθνήκει, would not have died (and be now dead; cf. Winers Grammar, 304 (285) and see above; but L T Tr text WH read the aorist here also)); 1 John 2:19.

b. εいぷしろんἰ with the pluperfect, followed in the apodosis by ἄνにゅー with the pluperfect or the aorist, in the sense of the Latin pluperfect subjunctive: Matthew 12:7 (εいぷしろんἰ ἐγνώκειτε, if ye had understood, i. e., if ye knew, οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἄνにゅー κατεδικάσατε τούς ἀναιτίους, ye would not have condemned the guiltless); Matthew 24:43 and Luke 12:39 (εいぷしろんἰ ᾔδでるたεいぷしろんιいおた, if he had perceived, i. e., if he knew, ἐγρηγόρησεν ἄνにゅー, he would have watched, namely, before the thief had approached (Tr text WH omit ἄνにゅー in Luke, the passage cited)); John 4:10; John 8:19; John 14:7 (R G L). c:. with the aorist in the same sense as the Latin pluperfect subjunctive: εいぷしろんἰ ἐδόθη νόμος ... ὄντως ἄνにゅー ἐκかっぱ νόμου ἦνにゅー ἡ δικαιοσύνη, if a law had been given, righteousness would in truth come from the law, Galatians 3:21; εいぷしろんἰ αあるふぁὐτούς Ἰησοῦς κατέπαυσεν, if Joshua had given them rest, οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἄνにゅー περί ἄλλης ἐλάλει, he would not be speaking, namely, in the passage quoted, Hebrews 4:8; apodosis without ἄνにゅー, John 15:22, see ἄνにゅー I. 3, p. 33f.

4. As in classic Greek, εいぷしろんἰ with the indicative is often joined to verbs expressing wonder, surprise, or other strong emotion (where ὅτたうιいおた might have been expected), when the thing spoken of is either not quite certain, or, although certain, yet in accordance with the well-known Greek urbanity is represented as not quite free from doubt (Matthiae, ii., p. 1474f; Kühner, ii., p. 887f; (Jelf, § 804, 9); Winers Grammar, § 60, 6; (Buttmann, § 139, 52]). Thus, it is joined — to the verb, θαυμάζω: ἐθαύμαζεν, εいぷしろんἰ ἤδでるたηいーた τέθνηκε, for the matter had not yet been investigated; hence, it is added ἐπηρώτησεν αあるふぁὐτόν, εいぷしろんἰ ἤδでるたηいーた (R G T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading πάλαι) ἀπέθανεν, Mark 15:44; μή θαυμάζετε, εいぷしろんἰ μみゅーιいおたσしぐまεいぷしろんῖ ὑμみゅーᾶς ὁ κόσμος (the thing is certain) 1 John 3:13; to the phrase ἄπιστον κρίνεται: Acts 26:8 (with παράδοξον preceding, Lucian, dial. mort. 13, 1); to καλόν ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー and λυσιτελεῖ: Mark 9:42 and Luke 17:2 (Matthew 18:6 has συμφέρει, ἵνにゅーαあるふぁ); Matthew 26:24 and Mark 14:21; to μέγα ἐσしぐまτたうιいおた: 1 Corinthians 9:11 (on which see 8 below); 2 Corinthians 11:15; τί θέλω, εいぷしろんἰ ἤδでるたηいーた ἀνήφθη (τό πぱいῦρろー), how would I if (i. e., that) it were already kindled (but it has not yet been kindled), Luke 12:49 (others besides, but cf. Meyer at the passage; (so B. 1. e.; cf. Winers Grammar, 448 (418); see τίς, 1 e. γがんま. at the end); Sir. 23:14 θελήσεις, εいぷしろんἰ μή ἐγεννήθης; (in addition to the other interpretations noticed by Winer's and Meyer the passages cited mention may be made of that which takes θέλω as subjunctive: what am I to choose if (as I may well assume) it has already been kindled; cf. Green, 'Critical Notes' at the passage)).

5. Contrary to Greek usage, in imitation of the Hebrew אִם, εいぷしろんἰ, with the indicative is so used in oaths and asseverations that by aposiopesis the formula of imprecation (constituting the apodosis) is suppressed (Winers Grammar, § 55 at the end; Buttmann, § 149, 4): ἀμήν λέγω ὑμみゅーῖνにゅー, εいぷしろんἰ δοθήσεται ... σしぐまηいーたμみゅーεいぷしろんῖοおみくろんνにゅー (fully expressed, 'may God punish me, if it shall be given,' i. e. it shall by no means be given), Mark 8:12; ὤμοσα, εいぷしろんἰ εいぷしろんἰσελεύσονται εいぷしろんἰς τήν κατάπαυσιν μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん (fully, 'let my name no longer be Jehovah, if they shall enter,' etc.), Hebrews 3:11; Hebrews 4:3, from Psalm 94:11 () the Sept. (Hebrew אִם, Genesis 14:23; Numbers 14:30; 1 Samuel 14:45, etc.; we have the full expression in 1 Samuel 3:17; Song of Solomon 2:7, etc.).

6. Sometimes, as in classic Greek, after a protasis with εいぷしろんἰ and the indicative, the apodosis is suppressed on account of mental agitation and left to be supplied by the reader or the hearer from the context (cf. Winer's Grammar, 599f (557)): εいぷしろんἰ βούλει παρενεγκεῖνにゅー τό ποτήριον τたうοおみくろんῦτたうοおみくろん (namely, παρένεγκε (but here L Tr WH adopt the imperative in place of the infinitive; yet cf. Buttmann, 396 (339))), Luke 22:42; εいぷしろんἰ δέ πぱいνにゅーεいぷしろんῦμみゅーαあるふぁ ἐλάλησεν αあるふぁὐτたうῷ ἤ ἄγγελος, supply in place of an apodosis the question what then? Acts 23:9 (the apodosis added in Rec., μή θεομαχωμεν is spurious); εいぷしろんἰ ἔγνως ... τά πρός εいぷしろんἰρήνην σしぐまοおみくろんυうぷしろん, namely, ἐπιστευες ἄνにゅー ἐμοί, Luke 19:42 (Buttmann, 396 (339)].

7. The conditional εいぷしろんἰ is joined with the optative, to indicate that the condition is merely thought of or stated as a possibility (cf. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 491ff; Winers Grammar, 293f (275f); Buttmann, § 139, 24). No example of this construction is found in the Gospels; very few in the rest of the N. T.

a. universally, in short intercalated clauses: εいぷしろんἰ τύχοι, if it so chance, it may be (see τυγχάνω 2), 1 Corinthians 14:10; 1 Corinthians 15:37; εいぷしろんἰ θέλοι τό θέλημα τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, 1 Peter 3:17 (Rec. θέλει.

b. where it indicates that something may occur repeatedly (cf. Klotz, the passage cited, p. 492f): εいぷしろんἰ καί πάσχοιτε, 1 Peter 3:14 (cf. Winers Grammar, as above).

c. where the condition represents the mind and judgment of others: εいぷしろんἰς ὁ ἐβουλεύοντο (R G ἐβουλεύσαντο), εいぷしろんἰ δύναιντο ἐξくしーῶσしぐまαあるふぁιいおた (WH text ἐκσωσαι (which see)) τό πぱいλらむだοおみくろんῖοおみくろんνにゅー, into which bay (or rather 'upon which beach'; see ἐξωθέω) they determined to run the ship, if they could; as though the navigators had said among themselves, ἐξώσομεν, εいぷしろんἰ δυνάμεθα, Acts 27:39; so also εいぷしろんἰ τί ἔχοιεν πρός μみゅーεいぷしろん, if they think they have anything against me, Acts 24:19.

8. with the subjunctive, when it is assumed that something may take place, but whether it will in reality is unknown before the event, in order to make the event seem to be more certain than if ἐάν were used (Klotz, the passage cited, p. 500ff; Winers Grammar, 294f (276f); Buttmann, § 139, 22): εいぷしろんἰ ... θερισωμεν, 1 Corinthians 9:11 Tdf. editions 2, 7 (Lachmann marginal reading; others, θερίσομεν); (the Sept. Genesis 43:3f; Sir. 22:26; 4 Macc. 6:20). But see III. below, under εいぷしろんἰ μή, εいぷしろんἰ μήτι, εいぷしろんἰ πぱいῶς, εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん ... εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん, εいぷしろんἰ τίς.

II. εいぷしろんἰ Interrogative, whether. "The conditional particle gets this force if a question is asked about anything, whether it is or is not so, and that about which the question is put is uttered as it were conditionally" (Klotz, the passage cited, p. 508; (Winers Grammar, § 57, I; Alexander Buttmann (1873) 248ff (214ff); 254f (218f)).

1. As in Greek writings in an indirect question after verbs of seeing, asking, deliberating, knowing, saying, etc.

a. with the present indicative: as ὀυうぷしろんδでるた' εいぷしろんἰ πぱいνにゅーεいぷしろんῦμみゅーαあるふぁ ἅγがんまιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー, ἠκούσαμεν (properly, according to the conditional force of the particle, 'if there is (i. e. has appeared, been given; cf. εいぷしろんἰμί, I. 2) a Holy Spirit, we did not even hear'), Acts 19:2; ἴδωμεν, εいぷしろんἰ ἔρχεται, Matthew 27:49; Mark 15:36; βουλεύεται (T WH L marginal reading βουλήσεται), εいぷしろんἰ δυνατός ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー, Luke 14:31; ἵνにゅーαあるふぁ εいぷしろんἴπぱいῃς, εいぷしろんἰ σύ εいぷしろんἰ, Matthew 26:63; (ἵνにゅーαあるふぁ γがんまνにゅーῷ τήν δοκιμήν ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー εいぷしろんἰ (WH marginal reading ἡ) ... ὑπηκωι ἐσしぐまτたうεいぷしろん, 2 Corinthians 2:9 (see WH. Introductory § 404)); after οおみくろんὐκかっぱ οおみくろんἶδでるたαあるふぁ, John 9:25; after κρίνατε, Acts 4:19; δοκιμάζετε ((?), πειράζετε), 2 Corinthians 13:5.

b. with the future indicative (cf. Winers Grammar, 300 (282); Buttmann, § 139, 61 b.): δεήθητι, εいぷしろんἰ ἄρろーαあるふぁ ἀφεθήσεται σしぐまοおみくろんιいおた, Acts 8:22; τί οおみくろんἶδας, εいぷしろんἰ ... σώσεις, 1 Corinthians 7:16; παρετήρουν, εいぷしろんἰ θεραπεύσει (Tdf. θεραπεύει), Mark 3:2 and in Luke 6:7 (R G WH marginal reading); ἦλらむだθしーたεいぷしろんνにゅー (namely, to see), εいぷしろんἰ ἄρろーαあるふぁ τί εいぷしろんὑρήσει, Mark 11:13.

c. with the aorist indicative: οおみくろんὐκかっぱ οおみくろんἶδでるたαあるふぁ, εいぷしろんἰ τたうιいおたνにゅーαあるふぁ ἄλらむだλらむだοおみくろんνにゅー ἐβάπτισα, whether I baptized, 1 Corinthians 1:16; ἐπηρώτησαν, εいぷしろんἰ πάλαι (L Tr text WH text ἤδでるたηいーた) ἀπέθανεν, whether he were long dead, Mark 15:44; εいぷしろんἶπぱいεいぷしろん μみゅーοおみくろんιいおた, εいぷしろんἰ ... ἀπέδοσθε, Acts 5:8.

d. with the subjunctive aorist (cf. Buttmann, 255f (220); Winer's Grammar, 298f (280f)): διώκω, εいぷしろんἰ καί καταλάβω, I press on (namely, πειρωμενος or σしぐまκかっぱοおみくろんπぱいῶνにゅー, trying to see), whether I may also lay hold, Philippians 3:12. Sosi is used in Latin, e. g. Nepos, vit. Hann. 8 Hannibal ...African accessit in finibus Cyrenaeorum (namely,experturus),si forte Carthaginienses ad bellum possent induci Caesar b. g. 1, 8, 4si perrumpere possent, conati; add Caesar b. g. 2, 9, 1. Cf. Kühner, ii., p. 1032f; (Jelf, § 877 b.).

2. Contrary to the usage of Greek authors, like the Hebrew אִם and the interrogative he (ה), it is used in the Sept. and the N. T. (especially by Luke) also in direct questions (cf. the colloquial use of the German ob; e. g.ob icb wohl thun soll?); cf. Winers Grammar, § 57, 1; Buttmann, 248 (214), and, in opposition to those who have striven to absolve the sacred writers from this misuse of the particle (especially Fritzsche and Meyer (see the latter's note on Matthew 12:10 and Luke 13:23; he quotes with approval the language of Ast (Platonic Lexicon, vol. i. 601), 'dubitanter interrogat, ita ut interrogatio videatur directa esse)), cf. Lipsius, Paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre, p. 30ff: — εいぷしろんἶπぱいεいぷしろん τίς αあるふぁὐτたうῷ, κύριε, εいぷしろんἰ ὀλογοι οおみくろんἱ σしぐまῳζόμενοι; Luke 13:23; κύριε, εいぷしろんἰ πατάξομεν ἐνにゅー μάχαιρα (μαχαίρῃ T Tr WH); Luke 22:49; κύριε, εいぷしろんἰ ... ἀποκαθιστάνεις τήν βασιλείαν; Acts 1:6; cf. besides, Matthew 12:10; Matthew 19:3; Mark 8:23 (according to the reading of (Tdf. 2, 7) Tr (marginal reading WH text) εいぷしろんἰ τί βλέπεις for R G L T Tr text WH marginal reading βλέπει); Acts 19:2, etc. (Genesis 17:17; Genesis 43:6; 1 Samuel 10:24, etc.; in the O. T. Apocrypha, 2 Macc. 7:7 2Macc. 15:3; 4 Macc. 18:17 from Ezekiel 37:3 the Sept.; Tobit 5:5).

III. εいぷしろんἰ with other particles and with the indefinite pronoun τίς, τί.

1. εいぷしろんἰ ἄρろーαあるふぁ, see ἄρろーαあるふぁ, 1.

2. εいぷしろんἴγがんまεいぷしろん, see γέ, 3 c.

3. εいぷしろんἰ δέ καί, a. but if also, so that καί belongs to some word that follows: Luke 11:18 (but if Satan also).

b. but though, but even if, so that καί belongs to εいぷしろんἰ: 1 Corinthians 4:7; 2 Corinthians 4:3; 2 Corinthians 5:16 (R G; others omit δέ); 2 Corinthians 11:6; see 6 below.

4. εいぷしろんἰ δέ μή, but if not; if it is or were otherwise, (Buttmann, 393 (336f), cf. 345 (297); Winer's Grammar, as below): John 14:2 (εいぷしろんἰ δέ μή, namely, οおみくろんὕτως ἦνにゅー), John 14:11 (εいぷしろんἰ δέ μή namely, ἐμοί πιστεύετε, i. e. my words). As in these passages so generally the phrase stands where a word or clause must be repeated in thought from what immediately precedes; it thus has the force of the Latinalioquin, otherwise, or else, (Winer's Grammar, 583 (543)): Revelation 2:5, 16; also after negative declarations, Mark 2:21f; cf. Matthiae, § 617 b.

5. εいぷしろんἰ δέ μήγε, see γέ, 3 d.

6. εいぷしろんἰ καί, a. iif even, if also, (cf. εいぷしろんἰ δέ καί, 3 a., (and 7 below)): 1 Corinthians 7:21 (cf. Meyer at the passage; Lightfoot on Philemon, p. 324); 2 Corinthians 11:15.

b. though, although: Luke 11:8; 2 Corinthians 4:16; 2 Corinthians 7:8, 12; Philippians 2:17; Colossians 2:5 (εいぷしろんἰ γάρ καί); Hebrews 6:9; with the optative, 1 Peter 3:14; see I. 7 b. above.

7. καί εいぷしろんἰ, even if: Mark 14:29 (T Tr WH εいぷしろんἰ καί); 1 Peter 3:1; cf. Klotz, the passage cited, p. 519 (who says, "In εいぷしろんἰ καί the conditional particle εいぷしろんἰ has the greater force; in καί εいぷしろんἰ the conjunctive particle καί. Hence, καί εいぷしろんἰ is used of what is only assumed to be true; εいぷしろんἰ καί, on the other hand, of what is as it is said to be." Bäumlein (Griech. Partikeln, p. 151) says, "In εいぷしろんἰ καί the καί naturally belongs to the conditional clause and is taken up into it, if even; in the combination καί εいぷしろんἰ the καί belongs to the consequent clause, even if. Sometimes however the difference disappears." Krüger (sec. 65, 5, 15): "with καί εいぷしろんἰ, the leading clause is regarded as holding under every condition, even the one stated, which appears to be the most extreme; with εいぷしろんἰ καί the condition, which may also come to pass, is regarded as a matter of indifference in reference to the leading clause;" Sauppe (on Demosthenes, Ol. 2 § 20) is very explicit: "καί εいぷしろんἰ and εいぷしろんἰ καί both indicate that something conflicts with what is expressed in the leading clause, but that that is (or is done) notwithstanding. καί εいぷしろんἰ, however, represents the thing adduced in the conditional sentence to be the only thing conflicting; but when the conditional particle precedes (εいぷしろんἰ καί), the representation is that something which is (or may be) accompanied by many others (καί) conflicts ineffectually. Accordingly, the phrase καί αあるふぁἱ greatly augments the force of what follows, εいぷしろんἰ καί lays less emphasis upon it; although it is evident that εいぷしろんἰ καί can often be substituted for καί εいぷしろんἰ." Cf. Herm. Vig., p. 829f; Winer's Grammar, 444 (413); Ellicott on Philippians 2:17; Schmalfeld, Griech. Syntax, § 41; Paley, Greek Particles, p. 31).

8. εいぷしろんἰ μή, a. in a conditional protasis, with the same sequence of moods and tenses as the simple εいぷしろんἰ see I. above, if not, unless, except, (Winers Grammar, 477ff (444ff); Buttmann, 345 (297)): Matthew 24:22; John 9:33; John 15:22, 24; Romans 7:7, etc.

b. it serves, with the entire following sentence, to limit or correct what has just been said, only, save that, (Latinnisi quod) (Buttmann, 359 (308)): Mark 6:5; 1 Corinthians 7:17 (where Paul by the addition εいぷしろんἰ μή ἑκάστῳ κかっぱτたうλらむだ. strives to prevent anyone in applying what had been said a little while before, viz. οおみくろんὐ δεδούλωται ... ἐνにゅー τοιούτοις to his own case, from going too far); in ironical answers, unless perchance, save forsooth that, (Kühner, § 577, 7; (Jelf, § 860, 5 Obs.)): εいぷしろんἰ μή χかいρろーῄζομεν κかっぱτたうλらむだ., 2 Corinthians 3:1 Rec. c. εいぷしろんἰ μή very often coalesce into one particle, as it were, which takes the same verb as the preceding negation: unless, equivalent to except, save, (Kühner, § 577, 8; Buttmann, 359 (308));

a. universally: Matthew 11:27; Matthew 12:39; Mark 2:26; Mark 8:14; John 3:13; Romans 7:7; Romans 13:1, 8; 1 Corinthians 8:4; 1 Corinthians 12:3; 2 Corinthians 12:5, etc. as in classic Greek, μόνος, μόνον, is added pleonastically: Matthew 17:8; Matthew 21:19; Matthew 24:36; Acts 11:19; Philippians 4:15; Revelation 13:17, etc. βべーた. after negatives joined to nouns it is so used as to refer to the negative alone (hence, many have regarded it as used for ἀλλά (i. e. as being not exceptive but adversative)), and can be rendered in Latinsed tantum, but only: Matthew 12:4 (οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐξόν ἦνにゅー αあるふぁὐτたうῷ φふぁいαあるふぁγがんまεいぷしろんῖνにゅー οおみくろんὐδέ τたうοおみくろんῖς μみゅーεいぷしろんτたう' αあるふぁὐτたうοおみくろんῦ, εいぷしろんἰ μή τたうοおみくろんῖς ἱερεῦσしぐまιいおた μόνοις, as if οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐξόν ἦνにゅー φふぁいαあるふぁγがんまεいぷしろんῖνにゅー alone preceded); Luke 4:26; Romans 14:14; Revelation 9:4; Revelation 21:27 (ἐάν μή is so used in Galatians 2:16; on Galatians 1:19 see Ἰάκωβος, 3); cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. iii., p. 195; (see ἐάν, I. 3 c. and references). γがんま. when preceded by the interrogative τίς in questions having a negative force: Mark 2:7; Luke 5:21; Romans 11:15; 1 Corinthians 2:11; 2 Corinthians 2:2; 2 Corinthians 12:13; Hebrews 3:18; 1 John 2:22; 1 John 5:5; (Xenophon, oec. 9, 1; Aristophanes eqq. 615). δでるた. with other conjunctions: εいぷしろんἰ μή ἵνにゅーαあるふぁ John 10:10; εいぷしろんἰ μή ὅτたうαあるふぁνにゅー, Mark 9:9; εいぷしろんἰ μή ὅτたうιいおた etc., 2 Corinthians 12:13; Ephesians 4:9. εいぷしろん. it has its own verb, and makes a phrase by itself: ὁ οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー ἄλらむだλらむだοおみくろん, εいぷしろんἰ μή τινες εいぷしろんἰσしぐまιいおたνにゅー οおみくろんἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμみゅーᾶς which means nothing else, save that there are some who trouble you, Galatians 1:7 (so Winer (commentary at the passage) et al.; but see Meyer))

d. ἐκτός εいぷしろんἰ μή, arising from the blending of the two expressions εいぷしろんἰ μή and ἐκτός εいぷしろんἰ, like the Latinnisi si equivalent topraeterquam si, except in case, except: 1 Timothy 5:19; with the aorist indicative, 1 Corinthians 15:2; with the subjunctive present 1 Corinthians 14:5; (Lucian, de luctu c. 19; dial. meret. 1, 2, etc.). Cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 459; Winers Grammar, § 65, 3 c.; (Buttmann, index under the word ἐκτός εいぷしろんἰ μή).

9. εいぷしろんἰ μήν, assuredly, surely, in oaths: Hebrews 6:14 L T Tr WH (for R G ἤ μήν (which see)) and several times in the Sept. as Ezekiel 33:27; Ezekiel 34:8; (cf. ; 1 Kings 21:23 ()), etc.; here, if εいぷしろんἰ did not come from ἤ by itacism, εいぷしろんἰ μήν must be explained as confusion of the Hebraisic εいぷしろんἰ μή (see I. 5 above) and the Greek formula of asseveration ἤ μήν; cf. Bleek on Heb. vol. 2:2, p. 248ff, and what Fritzsche says on the other side, commentary on Baruch 2:29; Judith 1:12; (cf. Kneucker on Baruch, the passage cited; Buttmann, 359 (308); Tdf. Proleg., p. 59; WHs Appendix, p. 151; B. D. under the word , I. 31).

10. εいぷしろんἰ μή τί or μήτι, unless in some respect, unless perchance, unless indeed: ironically, with the present indicative, 2 Corinthians 13:5; hesitatingly, with the subjunctive aorist Luke 9:13; Meyer at the passage (also Winers Grammar, 294 (276); Buttmann, 221 (191)); τί ἄνにゅー: 1 Corinthians 7:5, see ἄνにゅー, IV.

11. εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὐ (fully discussed by Winers Grammar, § 55, 2 c. and Buttmann, 345ff (297ff)), if not; this combination is used much more frequently in the N. T. than in the more elegant Greek authors; it differs from εいぷしろんἰ μή in this, that in the latter μή belongs to the particle εいぷしろんἰ, while in εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὐ the οおみくろんὐ refers to some following word and denies it emphatically, not infrequently even coalescing with it into a single idea.

a. when the idea to which οおみくろんὐ belongs is antithetic a. to a positive term, either preceding or following: εいぷしろんἰ δέ οおみくろんὐ μοιχεύεις φονεύεις δέ, James 2:11 (in R G the future); εいぷしろんἰ γάρ ὁ Θεός ... οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐφείσατο, ... ἀλλά ... παρέδωκεν εいぷしろんἰς κρίσιν, 2 Peter 2:4f; εいぷしろんἰ καί οおみくろんὐ δώσει ... διά γέ ... δώσει, Luke 11:8; εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὐ πぱいοおみくろんιいおたῶ ... εいぷしろんἰ δέ πぱいοおみくろんιいおたῶ, John 10:37f; εいぷしろんἰ γάρ ἐπιστεύετε ..., εいぷしろんἰ δέ ... οおみくろんὐ πιστεύετε, John 5:46f; add, Mark 11:26 R G L; Romans 8:9; 1 Corinthians 9:2; 1 Corinthians 11:6; James 3:2. βべーた. to some other idea which is negative (formally or virtually): εいぷしろんἰ ... οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἀκούουσιν, οおみくろんὐδέ ... πεισθήσονται, Luke 16:31; εいぷしろんἰ ... οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐφείσατο, οおみくろんὐδέ σしぐまοおみくろんυうぷしろん φείσεται (Rec. φείσηται), Romans 11:21; add, 1 Corinthians 15:13, 15-17; 2 Thessalonians 3:10; followed in the apodosis by a question having the force of a negative: Luke 16:11; John 3:12; 1 Timothy 3:5. γがんま. the οおみくろんὐ denies with emphasis the idea to which it belongs: καλόν ἦνにゅー αあるふぁὐτたうῷ εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐγεννήθη, good were it for him not to have been born, Matthew 26:24; Mark 14:21. δでるた. the whole emphasis is placed on the negative itself: εいぷしろんἰ σύ οおみくろんὐκかっぱ εいぷしろんἰ ὁ Χριστός, John 1:25.

b. the οおみくろんὐ coalesces, as it were, with the word to which it belongs into a single idea: εいぷしろんἰ δέ οおみくろんὐκかっぱ ἐγκρατεύονται if they are incontinent, 1 Corinthians 7:9; εいぷしろんἰ τίς τたうῶνにゅー ἰδίων οおみくろんὐ προνοεῖ (or προνοειται T Tr text WH marginal reading), "neglects, 1 Timothy 5:8; add, Luke 14:26; 1 Corinthians 16:22; Revelation 20:15, etc.

12. εいぷしろんἰ οおみくろんὖνにゅー, if then: Matthew 6:23; Matthew 7:11; Luke 11:13, 36; John 13:14; John 18:8; Acts 11:1; Colossians 3:1; Philemon 1:1. (On εいぷしろんἰ μέν οおみくろんὖνにゅー see μέν II. 4.)

13. εいぷしろんἴπぱいεいぷしろんρろー (so T WH (except in 2 Corinthians 5:3 marginal reading), but L Tr εいぷしろんἰ πぱいεいぷしろんρろー; cf. Winers Grammar, 45; Lipsius, Gram. Unters., p. 123) (εいぷしろんἰ and πぱいεいぷしろんρろー, and this apparently from περί), properly, if on the whole; if only, provided that, is used of a thing which is assumed to be, but whether rightly or wrongly is left in doubt (Herm. ad Vig., p. 831 (so Winers Grammar, 448 (417); but cf. Bäumlein, Griech. Partikeln, p. 202 (cf. 64 bottom); Klotz ad Devar. 2:2, p. 528, and especially under the word εいぷしろんἴγがんまεいぷしろん (in γέ, 3 c.) and the references to Meyer, Lightfoot, Ellicott, there given)): Romans 8:9, 17; 1 Corinthians 8:5; 1 Corinthians 15:15; 1 Peter 2:3 (where L T Tr WH εいぷしろんἰ); by a species of rhetorical politeness it is used of that about which there is no doubt: 2 Thessalonians 1:6; Romans 3:30 L T Tr WH; 2 Corinthians 5:3 L Tr WH marginal reading

14. εいぷしろんἰ πぱいῶς (LTr WH) or εいぷしろんἴπως (G T), if in any way, if by any means, if possibly: with the optative present (see I. 7 above), Acts 27:12; interrogatively, with the future indicative, Romans 1:10; with the subjunctive aorist, so that before εいぷしろんἰ the word σしぐまκかっぱοおみくろんπぱいῶνにゅー or πειρωμενος must be mentally supplied (see II. 1 d. above): Romans 11:14; Philippians 3:11.

15. εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん ... εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん, a. whether ... or (as disjunc. conjunc.,sive ... sive; cf. Winers Grammar, 440 (409f); Buttmann, 221 (191)), without a verb following: Romans 12:6-8; 1 Corinthians 3:22; 1 Corinthians 8:5; 2 Corinthians 5:9; Philippians 1:18, 20, 27; 2 Thessalonians 2:15; Colossians 1:16, 20; 1 Peter 2:13f; εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん οおみくろんὖνにゅー ... εいぷしろんἴτたうεいぷしろん, 1 Corinthians 15:11; followed by the present indicative, 1 Corinthians 12:26; 1 Corinthians 13:8; 2 Corinthians 1:6; followed by the subjunctive present 1 Thessalonians 5:10, where the use of the subjunctive was occasioned by the subjunctive ζήσωμεν in the leading clause; cf. Winers Grammar, 294 (276); Buttmann, 221 (191).

b. whether ... or (as indirect interrogatives,utrum ... an; cf. Buttmann, 250 (215)) (see examples from Greek authors in Matthiae, p. 1476f): after οおみくろんὐκかっぱ οおみくろんἶδでるたαあるふぁ, 2 Corinthians 12:2f.

16. εいぷしろんἰ τίς, εいぷしろんἰ τί: examples of this combination have already been given among the preceding; here may be added εいぷしろんἰ τίς ἕτερος, εいぷしろんἰ τί ἕτερον and if (there be) any other person or thing — a phrase used as a conclusion after the mention or enumeration of several particulars belonging to the same class (in the classics εいぷしろんἰ τίς ἄλλος, εいぷしろんἰ καί τίς ἄλλος, καί εいぷしろんἰ τί ἄλらむだλらむだοおみくろん, etc., in Herodotus, Xenophon, Plato, others): Romans 13:9; 1 Timothy 1:10; εいぷしろんἰ τίς with subjunctive present Revelation 11:5 Rec.; with the subjunctive aorist, ibid. T Tr WH text

forasmuch as, if, that

A primary particle of conditionality; if, whether, that, etc. -- forasmuch as, if, that, (al-)though, whether. Often used in connection or composition with other particles, especially as in eige, ei de me(ge), ei kai, ei me, ei me ti, ei per, ei pos, ei tis, ek. See also ean.

see GREEK eige

see GREEK ei de me(ge)

see GREEK ei kai

see GREEK ei me

see GREEK ei me ti

see GREEK ei per

see GREEK ei pos

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