文書ぶんしょ

See also: 文ぶん书

Chinese

		language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle	book; letter
trad. (文書ぶんしょ)		文ぶん	書しょ
simp. (文ぶん书)		文ぶん	书

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wénshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ syu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-sû
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bûn-su / bûn-sir / bûn-si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁵ ze¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wénshū
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wúnshu
    • Wade–Giles: wên²-shu¹
    • Yale: wén-shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenshu
    • Palladius: вэньшу (vɛnʹšu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 文書ぶんしょ／文ぶん书 文殊もんじゅ

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁴ syu¹
    • Yale: màhn syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: vun^ˇ su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vun² su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ su²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-su
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunsw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-sir
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-si
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunsy
    • IPA (Yilan): /bun²⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² si⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhung⁵ ze¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng tsṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: mjun syo

Rime
Character	文ぶん	書しょ
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	明あきら (4)	書しょ (26)
Final (韻いん)	文ぶん (59)	魚さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	無む分ぶん切きり	傷きず魚さかな切きり
Baxter	mjun	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨun/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/miun/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuən/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mun/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/miuən/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/mĭuən/	/ɕĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uən/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wén	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man4	syu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə[n]  s-ta/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯn  hlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	文ぶん	書しょ
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wén	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ mjun ›	‹ syo ›
Old Chinese	/*mə[n]/	/*s-ta/
English	ornate	write
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	文ぶん	書しょ
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13015	17013
Phonetic component	文ぶん	者もの
Rime group	文ぶん	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	文ぶん	書しょ
Old Chinese	/*mɯn/	/*hlja/

Noun

文書ぶんしょ

1. official document; official correspondence; official dispatch

   外交がいこう文書ぶんしょ／外交がいこう文ぶん书  ―  wàijiāo wénshū  ―  diplomatic correspondence

2. (literary) secretary
3. (literary) written language; writing; script
4. (literary) books; works

Synonyms

• (official document): 公文こうぶん (gōngwén)

Derived terms

• 文書ぶんしょ工作こうさく／文ぶん书工作こうさく (wénshū gōngzuò)
• 文書ぶんしょ處理しょり／文ぶん书处理り (wénshū chǔlǐ)
• 文書ぶんしょ處理しょり器き／文ぶん书处理り器き (wénshū chǔlǐqì)
• 文書ぶんしょ處理しょり程ほど式しき／文ぶん书处理り程ほど式しき (wénshū chǔlǐ chéngshì)
• 文ぶん秘ひ (wénmì)

 

See also

• 幹事かんじ／干ひ事ごと
• 書記しょき／书记 (shūjì)
• 秘書ひしょ／秘ひ书 (mìshū)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
文ぶん	書しょ
ぶん Grade: 1	しょ Grade: 2
kan'yōon	on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書ぶんしょ (*miən *shiu). Compare modern Chinese 文書ぶんしょ／文ぶん书 (wénshū).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Now the most common reading for this term.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぶんしょ [búꜜǹshò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕo̞]

Noun

文ぶん(ぶん)書しょ(しょ) • (bunsho) 

1. a document, a written record

   文書ぶんしょ(ぶんしょ)でお問とい(と)い合ごう(あ)わせください。

   Bunsho de otoiawase kudasai.

   Please contact us in writing.

   物語ものがたり(ものがたり)を丸まる(まる)ごと文書ぶんしょ(ぶんしょ)に書しょ(か)き留とめ(と)めた。

   Monogatari o marugoto bunsho ni kakitometa.

   She wrote down the whole story. / She got the whole story down on paper.

2. a letter, an epistle

   文書ぶんしょ(ぶんしょ)を頻繁ひんぱん(ひんぱん)に交(か)わしていた。

   Bunsho o hinpan ni kawashite ita.

   They frequently exchanged letters.

Synonyms

• (writing): 文章ぶんしょう
• (letter, epistle): 手紙てがみ

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
文ぶん	書しょ
もん Grade: 1	しょ > じょ Grade: 2
goon	on'yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書ぶんしょ (*miən *shiu), with rendaku for the 書しょ character. The sho changes to jo as an instance of rendaku (連濁れんだく). Compare modern Chinese 文書ぶんしょ／文ぶん书 (wénshū).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Less common reading in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) もんじょ [móꜜǹjò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

Noun

文ぶん(もん)書しょ(じょ) • (monjo) 

1. a document
2. (in palaeography) a written text between two parties

Derived terms

• 古文書こもんじょ(こもんじょ) (komonjo): an ancient document

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
文ぶん	書しょ
もん Grade: 1	ぞ Grade: 2
goon	irregular

Archaic alteration of monjo above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mõ̞nd͡zo̞]

Noun

文ぶん(もん)書しょ(ぞ) • (monzo) 

1. (archaic) a document
2. (archaic) (in palaeography) a written text between two parties

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
文ぶん	書しょ
ふみ Grade: 1	か(き) > が(き) Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 文ぶん (fumi, “writing; a letter, an epistle”) +‎ 書しょ (kaki, “writing”, the 連用形れんようけい (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 書かく kaku, “to write”). The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁れんだく).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟mʲiɡa̠kʲi]

Noun

文ぶん(ふみ)書しょ(がき) • (fumigaki) 

1. (archaic) the act of writing of a letter or correspondence
2. (archaic) the writing in a letter or correspondence, especially the style or appearance
   • c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (text here):

     古代こだいなる御お文書ぶんしょきなれど

     こだいなるおおむふみがきなれど

     Kodai naru ōmu-fumigaki naredo

     The writing is old-fashioned, but...