Sumiyoshi-taisha: Difference between revisions

Sumiyoshi taisha
住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ
Sumiyoshi taisha; 住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ
	Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine
Religion
Affiliation	Shinto
Deity	Sokotsutsu no Onomikoto; Nakatsutsu no Onomikoto; Uwatsutsu no Onomikoto; Okinagatarashi-hime no Mikoto
Location
Location	9-89, Sumiyoshi 2-chome, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture 558-0045, Japan
	Shown within Japan
Geographic coordinates	34°36′46.07″N 135°29′34.59″E / 34.6127972°N 135.4929417°E
Architecture
Style	Sumiyoshi-zukuri
Founder	Tamomi no Sukune
Date established	211
Website
	www.sumiyoshitaisha.net
	Glossary of Shinto

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Sumiyoshi-taisha (住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ), also known as Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine, is a Shinto shrine in Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is the main shrine of all the Sumiyoshi shrines in Japan. However, the oldest shrine that enshrines the Sumiyoshi sanjin, the three Sumiyoshi kami, is the Sumiyoshi Shrine in Hakata.

It is called Sumiyoshi-san or Sumiyossan by the locals, and is famous for the large crowds that come to the shrine on New Year's Day for hatsumōde.

Sumiyoshi taisha enshrines the Sumiyoshi sanjin (Sokotsutsu no Ono-mikoto, Nakatsutsu no Ono-mikoto, and Uwatsutsu no Ono-mikoto) (collectively known as the "Sumiyoshi Ōkami") and Okinagatarashi-hime no Mikoto (Empress Jingū).

It gives its name to a style of shrine architecture known as Sumiyoshi-zukuri.

History

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.^[1] In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines including Sumiyoshi.^[2]

Sumiyoshi was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the former Settsu Province.^[3]

From 1871 through 1946, Sumiyoshi taisha was officially designated one of the Kanpei-taisha (官かん幣ぬさ大社たいしゃ), meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines.^[4]

Sumiyoshi kami and Empress Jingū

Sumiyoshi taisha was founded by Tamomi no Sukune in the 11th year of Empress Jingū's reign (year 211).^[5] A member of a powerful family in the area, he was given the clan name of Owari by the empress when she visited the coast of the Gokishichidō (Modern Shichidou in Sakai, Osaka). At the same time, she told him to enshrine the Sumiyoshi sanjin, as she had been told to do so by an oracle from Amaterasu and three Sumiyoshi kami.^[6] Later, the Empress herself was also enshrined at Sumiyoshi. The Tsumori clan [ja], whose members have succeeded the position of head priest of Sumiyoshi taisha since the reign of Emperor Ōjin,^[7] are the descendants of Tamomi no Sukune's son, Tsumori no Toyoada (or Tsumori no Toyonogodan).

Other kami

Sumiyoshi taisha is also regarded as the ancestor shrine of Hachiman, the god of war, as the shrine enshrines Empress Jingū, who was the mother of Emperor Ōjin, who was deified as Hachiman. Therefore, the shrine is guardian of the Kawachi bloodline of the Minamoto clan. Also, Hachiman is the god of war on land, and the Sumiyoshi gods are the gods of war on the sea. Later, Sumiyoshi-taisha became one of the three kami of waka.

Yamato Diplomacy and the Silk Road

Sumiyoshi-taisha is a shrine with connections to the ancient Yamato royalty's diplomacy and sailing, protecting the Imperial embassies to China. As the head priests, the Tsumori clan also boarded these embassy ships. The embassies departed from Suminoe no Tsu, a port on the Hosoe-gawa (also known as Hosoi-gawa. Known as Suminoe no Hosoe in ancient times), a river located to the south of the shrine. Suminoe no Tsu is the oldest international port in Japan, and was opened by Emperor Nintoku. It was the Silk Road's entrance into Japan.

Cultural references

Although Sumiyoshi taisha is currently completely landlocked, until the Edo period, the shrine riding grounds (currently Sumiyoshi Park) faced the sea and were considered the representative of the beautiful "hakushaseishou" (white sand and green pines) landscape. So much so that this type of scenery in designs and art is known as the Sumiyoshi design.

In Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji, the shrine is used as an important stage in some chapters concerning the Akashi Lady.

In the folktale "Issun-bōshi", an old couple who had no children prayed at Sumiyoshi taisha. Their prayers were granted. When their child went on a voyage, he departed at Sumiyoshi harbor, sailed down Hosoe-gawa to Osaka Bay, sailed up the Yodo River, and entered Kyoto.

Notable architecture

Construction style

The honden is built in the Sumiyoshi-zukuri style and has been designated a national treasure on the grounds that it is the oldest example of this style of architecture.

There is an okichigi (置おけ千木ちぎ) a forked finial, on the roof of the main shrine, as well as 5 square katsuogi (堅けん魚ぎょ木き), billets placed horizontally along the length of the roof.[1] There are no corridors around the sanctuary. It is surrounded by a plank tamagaki fence (玉垣たまがき), which is further surrounded by an ara-imi fence (荒あら忌き垣かき).

The pillars are round, and stand on stone foundations. The planks between the pillars are horizontal. The area seen from front is the nave, and beyond is the inner shrine and second room.

Sumiyoshi Torii

One of the stone torii at the shrine, just south of the honden, is known as the Kakutorii (角すみ鳥居とりい). It is unusual in that the middle bar does not extend outside of the vertical posts, and all pieces have square edges.^[8] This type of torii is called Sumiyoshi torii after the shrine.

Notes

^ Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, pp. 74-75.
^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, pp. 116-117.
^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09
^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 125.
^ "歴史れきし年表ねんぴょう (History of Sumiyoshi-taisha)". sumiyoshitaisha.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
^ Kojiki, Second volume
^ "Sumiyoshi Taisha". www.digital-images.net. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
^ Sumiyoshi Taisha.net Archived 2014-10-24 at the Wayback Machine

References

Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2363-4
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 399449
____________. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887

External links

Official site
Annual Festivals - Official movies

[1] Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, pp. 74-75.

[2] Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, pp. 116-117.

[3] "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09

[4] Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 125.

[5] "歴史れきし年表ねんぴょう (History of Sumiyoshi-taisha)". sumiyoshitaisha.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2019.

[6] Kojiki, Second volume

[7] "Sumiyoshi Taisha". www.digital-images.net. Retrieved 2023-11-27.

[8] Sumiyoshi Taisha.net Archived 2014-10-24 at the Wayback Machine

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Shinto shrine in Osaka Prefecture, Japan}}
 {{Infobox religious building
-| name = Sumiyoshi taisha<br>住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ
+| name                  = Sumiyoshi taisha<br>住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ
-| image = Sumiyoshi_Taisha2.jpg
+| image                 = Sumiyoshi-taisha,_keidai-2.jpg
-| caption = The ''Taiko bashi'' at Sumiyoshi-taisha
+| caption               = Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine
 {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|zoom=14|frame-align=center|frame-width=240}}
-| map_type = Japan
+| map_type              = Japan
-| map_alt =
+| map_alt               =
-| coordinates = {{coord|34|36|46.07|N|135|29|34.59|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=title,inline}}
+| coordinates           = {{coord|34|36|46.07|N|135|29|34.59|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=title,inline}}
-| map_relief  =
+| map_relief            =
-| map_size =
+| map_size              =
-| map_caption =
+| map_caption           =
 | religious_affiliation = [[Shinto]]
-| type =
+| type                  =
-| deity = Sokotsutsu no Onomikoto<br>Nakatsutsu no Onomikoto<br>Uwatsutsu no Onomikoto<br>Okinagatarashi-hime no Mikoto
+| deity                 = [[Sumiyoshi_sanjin|Sokotsutsu no Onomikoto]]<br>[[Sumiyoshi_sanjin|Nakatsutsu no Onomikoto]]<br>[[Sumiyoshi_sanjin|Uwatsutsu no Onomikoto]]<br>[[Empress Jingū|Okinagatarashi-hime no Mikoto]]
-| founded_by = Tamomi no Sukune
+| founded_by            = Tamomi no Sukune
-| established = 211
+| established           = 211
-| date_destroyed =
+| date_destroyed        =
-| location = 2-9-89, Sumiyoshi, [[Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|Sumiyoshi-ku]], [[Osaka]], [[Osaka Prefecture]], [[Japan]]
+| location              = 9-89, Sumiyoshi 2-chome, [[Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|Sumiyoshi-ku]], [[Osaka]], [[Osaka Prefecture]] 558-0045, [[Japan]]
-| website = {{URL|http://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/}}
+| website               = {{URL|https://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/}}
-| architecture_style =
+| architecture_style    = [[Sumiyoshi-zukuri]]
-| festival =
+| festival              =
-| leadership =
+| leadership            =
 }}
+[[File:Sumiyoshi_Taisha2.jpg|thumb|200px|The ''Taiko bashi'' at Sumiyoshi-taisha]]
 [[File:Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine in 201705 001.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Proper entrance to Sumiyoshi taisha]]
 [[File:Sumiyoshi-taisya torii.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rear entrance to Sumiyoshi taisha]]
-[[File:sumiyoshi-taisya dainihongu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Second main hall of Sumiyoshi taisha]]
+[[File:Sumiyoshi-taisha,_hongu-2_heiden.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Second main shrine of Sumiyoshi taisha]]
-{{Nihongo|'''Sumiyoshi-taisha'''|住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ}}, also known as '''Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine''', is a [[Shinto]] [[Shinto shrine|shrine]] in [[Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|Sumiyoshi-ku]], [[Osaka]], [[Osaka Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. It is the main shrine of all the Sumiyoshi shrines in Japan. However, the oldest shrine that enshrines the [[Sumiyoshi sanjin]], the three Sumiyoshi [[kami]], is the Sumiyoshi shrine in [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka|Hakata]].
+{{Nihongo|'''Sumiyoshi-taisha'''|住吉すみよし大社たいしゃ}}, also known as '''Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine''', is a [[Shinto]] [[Shinto shrine|shrine]] in [[Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|Sumiyoshi-ku]], [[Osaka]], [[Osaka Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. It is the main shrine of all the Sumiyoshi shrines in Japan. However, the oldest shrine that enshrines the [[Sumiyoshi sanjin]], the three Sumiyoshi [[kami]], is the [[Sumiyoshi Shrine (Fukuoka)|Sumiyoshi Shrine]] in [[Hakata-ku, Fukuoka|Hakata]].
 It is called '''Sumiyoshi-san''' or '''Sumiyossan''' by the locals, and is famous for the large crowds that come to the shrine on New Year's Day for ''[[hatsumōde]]''.
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
 ==History==
-The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early [[Heian period]].<ref>Breen, John ''et al.'' (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&dq=nijunisha&q=oharano ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami,'' pp. 74-75.]</ref> In 965, [[Emperor Murakami]] ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian ''kami'' of Japan. These ''heihaku'' were initially presented to 16 shrines including Sumiyoshi.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962).  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' pp. 116-117.</ref>
+The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early [[Heian period]].<ref>Breen, John ''et al.'' (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&q=oharano ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami,'' pp. 74-75.]</ref> In 965, [[Emperor Murakami]] ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian ''kami'' of Japan. These ''heihaku'' were initially presented to 16 shrines including Sumiyoshi.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962).  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' pp. 116-117.</ref>
 Sumiyoshi was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (''[[ichinomiya]]'') for the former [[Settsu Province]].<ref>[http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of ''Ichinomiya''," p. 3.]; retrieved 2011-08-09</ref>
@@ Line 42: / Line 44: @@
 === Sumiyoshi ''kami'' and Empress Jingū ===
-Sumiyoshi taisha was founded by Tamomi no Sukune in the 9th year of [[Emperor Chūai]]'s reign (year 211).[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111551/http://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/outline/history.html] A member of a powerful family in the area, he was given the clan name of Owari by [[Empress Jingū]], when she visited the coast of the [[Gokishichidō]] (Modern Shichidou in [[Sakai, Osaka]]) after her return from her invasion of Korea without battle. At the same time, she told him to enshrine the Sumiyoshi sanjin, as she had been told to do so by an [[oracle]] from [[Amaterasu]] and three Sumiyoshi ''kami''.<ref>''[[Kojiki]]'', Second volume</ref> Later, the Empress herself was also enshrined at Sumiyoshi. The Tsumori clan, whose members have succeeded the position of head priest of Sumiyoshi taisha since the reign of [[Emperor Ōjin]], are the descendants of Tamomi no Sukune's son, Tsumori no Toyoada (or Tsumori no Toyonogodan).
+Sumiyoshi taisha was founded by Tamomi no Sukune in the 11th year of [[Empress Jingū]]'s reign (year 211).<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111551/http://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/outline/history.html|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url=http://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/outline/history.html|title=歴史れきし年表ねんぴょう (History of Sumiyoshi-taisha)|work=sumiyoshitaisha.net|accessdate=November 11, 2019}}</ref> A member of a powerful family in the area, he was given the clan name of [[Owari clan|Owari]] by the empress when she visited the coast of the [[Gokishichidō]] (Modern Shichidou in [[Sakai, Osaka]]). At the same time, she told him to enshrine the Sumiyoshi sanjin, as she had been told to do so by an [[oracle]] from [[Amaterasu]] and three Sumiyoshi ''kami''.<ref>''[[Kojiki]]'', Second volume</ref> Later, the Empress herself was also enshrined at Sumiyoshi. The {{ill|Tsumori clan|lt=Tsumori clan|ja|津守つもり氏し}}, whose members have succeeded the position of head priest of Sumiyoshi taisha since the reign of [[Emperor Ōjin]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumiyoshi Taisha |url=http://www.digital-images.net/Gallery/Scenic/Japan/Shrines/Sumiyoshi/sumiyoshi.html |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=www.digital-images.net}}</ref> are the descendants of Tamomi no Sukune's son, Tsumori no Toyoada (or Tsumori no Toyonogodan).
 ===Other ''kami''===
@@ Line 63: / Line 65: @@
 [[File:Sumiyoshi shrine Honden.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Illustration of main shrine architecture]]
-The ''[[honden]]'' is built in the ''[[Sumiyoshi-zukuri]]'' style and has been designated a [[National Treasures of Japan|national treasure]] on the grounds that it is the oldest example of this style of architecture.
+The {{Lang|ja-latn|[[honden]]}} is built in the ''[[Sumiyoshi-zukuri]]'' style and has been designated a [[National Treasures of Japan|national treasure]] on the grounds that it is the oldest example of this style of architecture.
 There is an {{Nihongo||置おけ千木ちぎ|[[Chigi (architecture)|okichigi]]}} a forked [[finial]], on the roof of the main shrine, as well as 5 square {{Nihongo||堅けん魚ぎょ木き|[[katsuogi]]}}, billets placed horizontally along the length of the roof.[http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/katsuogi.htm] There are no corridors around the sanctuary. It is surrounded by a plank {{Nihongo|''[[tamagaki]]'' fence|玉垣たまがき}}, which is further surrounded by an {{Nihongo|''ara-imi'' fence|荒あら忌き垣かき}}.
@@ Line 80: / Line 82: @@
 ==Notes==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
 ==References==
-* [[John Breen (scholar)|Breen, John]] and [[Mark Teeuwen]]. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&dq=nijunisha&source=gbs_navlinks_s  ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''] Honolulu: [[University of Hawaii Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8248-2363-4}}
+* [[John Breen (scholar)|Breen, John]] and [[Mark Teeuwen]]. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&q=nijunisha  ''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''] Honolulu: [[University of Hawaii Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8248-2363-4}}
-* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]]. (1962).  [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&dq=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines&ei=O6yMSZu3HKD2MsWNhdwC&client=firefox-a  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 399449]
+* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]]. (1962).  [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 399449]
-* ____________. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&dq=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&client=firefox-a&pgis=1  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
+* ____________. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
 ==External links==
-{{Commonscat|Sumiyoshi Taisha}}
+{{Commons category|Sumiyoshi Taisha}}
 *[http://www.sumiyoshitaisha.net/ Official site]
 *[http://sumiyoshitaisha.net/movie/index.html　Annual Festivals] - Official movies
 {{Shinto shrine}}
-{{Portal bar|Asia|Japan|Osaka|Shinto|Architecture}}
+{{Portal bar|Asia|Japan|Architecture}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Sumiyoshi Taisha}}
-[[Category:Shinto shrines in Osaka Prefecture]]
-[[Category:Tourist attractions in Osaka]]
+[[Category:Shinto shrines in Osaka]]
 [[Category:211 establishments]]
 [[Category:National Treasures of Japan]]
-[[Category:Buildings and structures in Osaka]]
 [[Category:Important Cultural Properties of Japan]]
+[[Category:Beppyo shrines]]
+[[Category:Kanpei Taisha]]
+[[Category:Myōjin Taisha]]
+[[Category:Twenty-Two Shrines]]
+[[Category:Taisha]]
+[[Category:Shrines dedicated to empress Jingū]]
+[[Category:Sumiyoshi shrines]]
+[[Category:Sumiyoshi-taisha]]
+[[Category:Sumiyoshi-zukuri]]
+{{Hachiman Faith}}
+{{Sumiyoshi Faith}}

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States Japan
Academics	CiNii
Other	IdRef

v t e Sumiyoshi Faith and Watatsumi Faith
Main deity	Sumiyoshi sanjin Watatsumi
Other deities	Empress Jingū Utsushihikanasaku [ja] Azumi-no-isora Tamayorihime
Main shrine	Sumiyoshi-taisha
Sumiyoshi Shrines	Moto-Sumiyoshi Shrine Sagami-ji Sumiyoshi Shrine (Fukuoka) Sumiyoshi Shrine (Hokkaidō) Sumiyoshi Shrine (Shimonoseki) Sumiyoshi Shrine Sumiyoshi Shrine (Miyagi) [ja]
Watatsumi Shrines	Kaijin Shrine Watatsumi Shrine (Kobe) Shikaumi Shrine Watazumi Shrine Furogu Shrine Hotaka Shrine Futami Okitama Shrine Nunakuma Shrine
Miscellaneous	Sumiyoshi-zukuri Azumi people Tsumori family [ja]