Artush
Artush
Artux, Atush | |
---|---|
Coordinates (Artush municipal government): 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E | |
Country | China |
Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
Autonomous prefecture | Kizilsu |
Municipal seat | Guangming Road Subdistrict |
Area | |
• Total | 15,697.78 km2 (6,060.95 sq mi) |
Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 290,936 |
• Density | 19/km2 (48/sq mi) |
Demographics | |
• Major ethnic groups |
|
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
Website | www |
Artush | |||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | |||||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||||
Uyghur | ئاتۇش | ||||||||||
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Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||
Kyrgyz | ارتىش Артыш Artysh |
Artush[3][4] (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ ar-TUUSH; also transliterated as Artux[5] or Atush[6]) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.[7] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.[8]
History
[edit]In January 1943, Artush County was established.[1][9]
In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.[1][9]
In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque (39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E / 39.6926278°N 76.1238556°E) was removed.[3][4] In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.
At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.[5]
Geography and climate
[edit]It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.
Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.8 (107.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
19.2 (66.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
13.4 (56.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.5 (−4.9) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.3 (0.13) |
8.2 (0.32) |
6.8 (0.27) |
6.0 (0.24) |
15.8 (0.62) |
14.8 (0.58) |
14.5 (0.57) |
15.5 (0.61) |
10.9 (0.43) |
5.8 (0.23) |
3.1 (0.12) |
3.6 (0.14) |
108.3 (4.26) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 36.4 |
Average snowy days | 6.2 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 17.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 51 | 37 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 43 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 147.7 | 154.2 | 175.4 | 210.1 | 261.9 | 293.1 | 307.3 | 283.3 | 240.7 | 227.9 | 181.4 | 135.3 | 2,618.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 50 | 47 | 52 | 59 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 67 | 62 | 47 | 58 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11] |
Administrative divisions
[edit]Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:[12][1][13]
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kyrgyz (Arabic script) | Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subdistricts | ||||||||
Xingfu Road Subdistrict (Bext Road Subdistrict) |
Xìngfúlù Jiēdào | بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi | باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001001 | ||
Guangming Road Subdistrict (Nurluq Road Subdistrict) |
Guāngmínglù Jiēdào | نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001002 | ||
Xincheng Subdistrict | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi | جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы | 653001003 | ||
Towns | ||||||||
Ustun Artush Town (Shang'atushi[14]) |
Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn | ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى | Üstün Atush baziri | ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى | Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы | 653001100 | ||
Süntag Town[14] | Sōngtākè Zhèn | سۇنتاغ بازىرى | suntagh baziri | سۇنتاق شاارچاسى | Сунтак шаарчасы | 653001101 | ||
Azak Town | Āzhākè Zhèn | ئازاق بازىرى | Azaq baziri | ازاق شاارچاسى | Азак шаарчасы | 653001102 | ||
Townships | ||||||||
Agu Township[14] | Āhú Xiāng | ئاغۇ يېزىسى | Aghu yëzisi | اغۇۇ ايىلى | Агуу айылы | 653001102 | ||
Katyaylak Township[14] | Gédáliáng Xiāng | كاتتايلاق يېزىسى | kattaylaq yëzisi | كەتتئيلئك ايىلى | Кеттийлек айылы | 653001104 | ||
Karajül Township[15] (Karajol Township[14]) |
哈拉 |
Hālājùn Xiāng | قاراجول يېزىسى | qarajol yëzisi | قاراجۉل ايىلى | Кара-Жүл айылы | 653001105 | |
Tugurmiti Township | 吐古买提乡 | Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng | تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى | tügürmiti yëzisi | تەگىرمەتى ايىلى | Тегирмети айылы | 653001106 |
Other:
- Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (
兵 团农三 师红旗 农场)
Economy
[edit]Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.
Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.[9]
The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the Xinjiang re-education camps.[17]
Demographics
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 200,345 | — |
2010 | 240,368 | +1.84% |
2015 | 269,317 | +2.30% |
2018 | 285,507 | +1.96% |
Sources:[1][18][8] |
As of 1997[update], 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.[19]
As of 1999[update], 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.[20]
As of 2015[update], 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.[18]
As of 2018[update], the population of Artush was 285,507.
Transportation
[edit]Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.[9]
Notable people
[edit]- Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
- Sabit Damolla, Prime Minister of the First East Turkestan Republic
- Saifuddin Azizi, first Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- Ghulam Osman Yaghma, 4th President of the East Turkestan Government-in-Exile
- Anwar Yusuf Turani
- Ilham Tohti
- Salih Hudayar
Historical maps
[edit]Historical English-language maps including Artush:
-
Map including Artush A-t'u-shih (DMA, 1983)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e
阿 图什市 历史沿革 [Artux City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2020.2000
年 第 五 次 人口 普 查,阿 图什市 常住 总人口 200345人 ,{...}2003年 ,全市 总面积15697.78平方 千 米 ,{...}2010年 第 六 次 人口 普 查,阿 图什市 常住 总人口 240368人 ,其中:幸福 路 街道 21786人 ,光明 路 街道 36316人 ,松 他 克 乡36849人 ,阿 扎克乡38574人 ,阿 湖 乡16189人 ,上 阿 图什乡45847人 ,格 达良乡16248人 ,哈拉峻 乡15931人 ,吐古买提乡9009人 ,兵 团农三师红旗农场3619人 。 - ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ a b Fred Hiatt (3 November 2019). "In China, every day is Kristallnacht". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.
- ^ a b Asim Kashgarian (1 December 2019). "US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
10/8/2016 9/8/2018
39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E
Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque. - ^ a b Mu Xuequan, ed. (19 January 2020). "5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- ^ "Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
- ^
阿 图什市 概 况. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2019-09-30. - ^ a b c 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11. - ^ a b c d Xia Zhengyi
夏 征 农; Chen Zhili 陈至立 , eds. (September 2009).辞 海 :第 六 版 彩 图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 0017. ISBN 9787532628599. - ^
中国 气象数 据 网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023. - ^
"Experience Template"
中国 气象数 据 网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023. - ^ 2019
年 统计用 区 划代码和城 乡划分 代 码:阿 图什市 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020.统计
用 区 划代码名称 653001001000幸福 路 街道 653001002000光明 路 街道 653001003000新城 街道 653001100000上 阿 图什镇 653001200000松 他 克 乡 653001201000阿 扎克乡 653001202000阿 湖 乡 653001204000格 达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻 乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000兵 团农三 师红旗 农场 - ^
阿 图什市 行政 区 划 (in Simplified Chinese). Artux People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.阿 图什市 于1986年 经国务院批准 撤县设市,辖7乡、3场、2个街道 办事处 - ^ a b c d e Xie Yuzhong
解 玉 忠 (2003).地名 中 的 新 疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi:新 疆人民 出版 社 . pp. 189–190. ISBN 7-228-08004-1. - ^ Karajül (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^
生物 景 观类 (in Simplified Chinese). Artush People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.柳 树林距哈拉 峻 乡政府 驻地约26千 米 ,占 地 数 十 亩。 - ^ Hannah Knowles; Kim Bellware; Lateshia Beachum (25 November 2019). "Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.
- ^ a b 3-7
各地 、州 、市 、县(市 )分 民族 人口 数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى新 疆维吾 尔自治 区 统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03. - ^ 1997
年 阿 图什市 行政 区 划 [1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2020.克 孜 勒苏柯尔克 孜 自治 州 辖市,州 府 驻地。位 于自治 州 西南 部 ,与吉 尔吉斯斯坦 接 壤。面 积1.5万 平方 千 米 ,人口 18.4万 ,有 柯尔克 孜 、维吾尔、汉、回 、哈萨克 、塔 吉 克 等 16个民族 ,其中维吾尔族占 81.5%,辖2街道 7乡。(本 页根据 《中国 政 区 大典 》整理 ,1997年 左右 资料) - ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.