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Artush

Coordinates: 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E / 39.7162; 76.1684
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Artush
おもね图什 (Chinese)
ئاتۇش شەھىرى (Uyghur)
ارتىش شاارى (Kyrgyz)
Artux, Atush
Tomb of Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan
Artush is located in Southern Xinjiang
Artush
Artush
Location in Xinjiang
Artush is located in Xinjiang
Artush
Artush
Artush (Xinjiang)
Artush is located in China
Artush
Artush
Artush (China)
Coordinates (Artush municipal government): 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E / 39.7162; 76.1684
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Autonomous prefectureKizilsu
Municipal seatGuangming Road Subdistrict
Area
 • Total15,697.78 km2 (6,060.95 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total290,936
 • Density19/km2 (48/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Major ethnic groups
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard[a])
Websitewww.xjats.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Artush
Chinese name
Simplified Chineseおもね图什
Traditional Chineseおもね
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀtúshí
Wade–GilesA1-tʻu2-shih2
Uyghur name
Uyghurئاتۇش
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiAtush
Yengi YeziⱪAtux
SASM/GNCAtux
Siril YëziqiАтуш
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyzارتىش
Артыш
Artysh

Artush[3][4] (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ ar-TUUSH; also transliterated as Artux[5] or Atush[6]) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.[7] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.[8]

History

[edit]
Shipton's Arch
Artush-man skull, dated 10,000 BP, excavated in Arghu village, Artush

In January 1943, Artush County was established.[1][9]

In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.[1][9]

In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque (39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E / 39.6926278°N 76.1238556°E / 39.6926278; 76.1238556) was removed.[3][4] In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.

At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.[5]

Geography and climate

[edit]

It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.

Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2)
18.6
(65.5)
28.4
(83.1)
34.9
(94.8)
36.0
(96.8)
39.5
(103.1)
41.0
(105.8)
41.8
(107.2)
37.0
(98.6)
30.9
(87.6)
25.1
(77.2)
18.9
(66.0)
41.8
(107.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)
6.0
(42.8)
15.2
(59.4)
23.3
(73.9)
27.8
(82.0)
31.7
(89.1)
33.5
(92.3)
32.2
(90.0)
27.7
(81.9)
20.5
(68.9)
11.1
(52.0)
2.0
(35.6)
19.2
(66.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0)
0.8
(33.4)
9.7
(49.5)
17.2
(63.0)
21.6
(70.9)
25.3
(77.5)
27.1
(80.8)
25.9
(78.6)
21.3
(70.3)
13.9
(57.0)
5.1
(41.2)
−2.7
(27.1)
13.4
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8)
−3.9
(25.0)
4.4
(39.9)
11.5
(52.7)
15.8
(60.4)
19.3
(66.7)
21.0
(69.8)
19.8
(67.6)
15.3
(59.5)
7.9
(46.2)
0.1
(32.2)
−6.3
(20.7)
8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −20.5
(−4.9)
−20.7
(−5.3)
−7.9
(17.8)
−0.1
(31.8)
4.1
(39.4)
8.1
(46.6)
11.4
(52.5)
11.5
(52.7)
6.5
(43.7)
−2.2
(28.0)
−12.6
(9.3)
−19.9
(−3.8)
−20.7
(−5.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.3
(0.13)
8.2
(0.32)
6.8
(0.27)
6.0
(0.24)
15.8
(0.62)
14.8
(0.58)
14.5
(0.57)
15.5
(0.61)
10.9
(0.43)
5.8
(0.23)
3.1
(0.12)
3.6
(0.14)
108.3
(4.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 4.1 5.5 5.6 4.7 3.9 1.3 0.7 2.2 36.4
Average snowy days 6.2 3.9 1.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 5.5 17.7
Average relative humidity (%) 63 51 37 29 31 31 33 37 40 43 52 65 43
Mean monthly sunshine hours 147.7 154.2 175.4 210.1 261.9 293.1 307.3 283.3 240.7 227.9 181.4 135.3 2,618.3
Percent possible sunshine 49 50 47 52 59 66 68 68 66 67 62 47 58
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:[12][1][13]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Kyrgyz (Arabic script) Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) Administrative division code
Subdistricts
Xingfu Road Subdistrict
(Bext Road Subdistrict)
幸福こうふく街道かいどう Xìngfúlù Jiēdào بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы 653001001
Guangming Road Subdistrict
(Nurluq Road Subdistrict)
光明こうみょう街道かいどう Guāngmínglù Jiēdào نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы 653001002
Xincheng Subdistrict 新城しんじょう街道かいどう Xīnchéng Jiēdào يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы 653001003
Towns
Ustun Artush Town
(Shang'atushi[14])
うえおもね图什镇 Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى Üstün Atush baziri ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы 653001100
Süntag Town[14] まつかつ Sōngtākè Zhèn سۇنتاغ بازىرى suntagh baziri سۇنتاق شاارچاسى Сунтак шаарчасы 653001101
Azak Town おもね扎克镇 Āzhākè Zhèn ئازاق بازىرى Azaq baziri ازاق شاارچاسى Азак шаарчасы 653001102
Townships
Agu Township[14] おもねみずうみ Āhú Xiāng ئاغۇ يېزىسى Aghu yëzisi اغۇۇ ايىلى Агуу айылы 653001102
Katyaylak Township[14] かく达良乡 Gédáliáng Xiāng كاتتايلاق يېزىسى kattaylaq yëzisi كەتتئيلئك ايىلى Кеттийлек айылы 653001104
Karajül Township[15]
(Karajol Township[14])
哈拉たかし[16] Hālājùn Xiāng قاراجول يېزىسى qarajol yëzisi قاراجۉل ايىلى Кара-Жүл айылы 653001105
Tugurmiti Township 吐古买提乡 Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى tügürmiti yëzisi تەگىرمەتى ايىلى Тегирмети айылы 653001106

Other:

  • Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (へい团农さん师红はた农场)

Economy

[edit]

Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.

Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.[9]

The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the Xinjiang re-education camps.[17]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 200,345—    
2010 240,368+1.84%
2015 269,317+2.30%
2018 285,507+1.96%
Sources:[1][18][8]

As of 1997, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.[19]

As of 1999, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.[20]

As of 2015, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.[18]

As of 2018, the population of Artush was 285,507.

Ethnic composition of Artush City, 2018
Nationality Percentage
Uyghurs
81.4%
Kyrgyz
11.0%
Han
7.3%
Hui
0.1%
Others
0.2%
Source:[8]

Transportation

[edit]

Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.[9]

Notable people

[edit]

Historical maps

[edit]

Historical English-language maps including Artush:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  2. ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
  3. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
  4. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e おもね图什历史沿革えんかく [Artux City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2020. 2000ねんだい人口じんこうひろし查,おもね图什常住じょうじゅう人口じんこう200345にん,{...}2003ねん全市ぜんし总面积15697.78平方へいほうせんめーとる,{...}2010ねんだいろく人口じんこうひろし查,おもね图什常住じょうじゅう人口じんこう240368にん,其中:幸福こうふく街道かいどう21786にん光明こうみょう街道かいどう36316にんまつかつ乡36849にんおもね扎克乡38574にんおもねみずうみ乡16189にんうえおもね图什乡45847にんかく达良乡16248にん,哈拉たかし乡15931にん,吐古买提乡9009にんへい团农三师红旗农场3619にん
  2. ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  3. ^ a b Fred Hiatt (3 November 2019). "In China, every day is Kristallnacht". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 August 2020. The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.
  4. ^ a b Asim Kashgarian (1 December 2019). "US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 August 2020. Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
    10/8/2016 9/8/2018
    39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E
    Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque.
  5. ^ a b Mu Xuequan, ed. (19 January 2020). "5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
  6. ^ "Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  7. ^ おもね图什がい. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
  8. ^ a b c 3-7 各地かくちしゅう、县()ぶん民族みんぞく人口じんこうすう [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  9. ^ a b c d Xia Zhengyi なつただし; Chen Zhili 陈至りつ, eds. (September 2009). うみだいろくはんいろどり图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 0017. ISBN 9787532628599.
  10. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象すうすえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  11. ^ "Experience Template" 中国ちゅうごく气象すうすえ (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  12. ^ 2019ねん统计よう划代码和じょう乡划ぶんだい码:おもね图什 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020. 统计よう划代码 名称めいしょう 653001001000 幸福こうふく街道かいどう 653001002000 光明こうみょう街道かいどう 653001003000 新城しんじょう街道かいどう 653001100000 じょうおもね图什镇 653001200000 まつかつ乡 653001201000 おもね扎克乡 653001202000 おもねみずうみ乡 653001204000 かく达良乡 653001205000 哈拉たかし乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 へい团农さん师红はた农场
  13. ^ おもね图什行政ぎょうせい (in Simplified Chinese). Artux People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. おもね图什于1986ねん经国务院批准ひじゅん撤县设市,辖7乡、3场、2个街どう办事处
  14. ^ a b c d e Xie Yuzhong かいだまただし (2003). 地名ちめいちゅうてきしん (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: しん人民じんみん出版しゅっぱんしゃ. pp. 189–190. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
  15. ^ Karajül (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  16. ^ 生物せいぶつけい观类 (in Simplified Chinese). Artush People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. やなぎ树林距哈ひしげたかし政府せいふ驻地约26せんめーとるうらないすうじゅう亩。
  17. ^ Hannah Knowles; Kim Bellware; Lateshia Beachum (25 November 2019). "Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 August 2020. A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.
  18. ^ a b 3-7 各地かくちしゅう、县()ぶん民族みんぞく人口じんこうすう (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى しん疆维われ尔自统计きょく Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  19. ^ 1997ねんおもね图什行政ぎょうせい [1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2020. かつつとむ勒苏柯尔かつつとむ自治じちしゅう辖市,しゅう驻地。于自しゅう西南せいなん与吉よきち尔吉斯斯ひろしせっ壤。めん积1.5まん平方へいほうせんめーとる人口じんこう18.4まんゆう柯尔かつつとむ、维吾尔、汉、かい、哈萨かつとうよしかつとう16个民ぞく,其中维吾尔族うらない81.5%,辖2街道かいどう7乡。(ほん页根すえ中国ちゅうごくせい大典たいてん整理せいり,1997ねん左右さゆう资料)
  20. ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.