哀あい戚

Chinese

		sorrow; grief; pity sorrow; grief; pity; to grieve for; to pity; to lament	get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe
simp. and trad. (哀あい戚)		哀あい	戚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): āiqī

  (Zhuyin): ㄞ ㄑㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): oi¹ cik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: āiqī
    • Zhuyin: ㄞ ㄑㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: aici
    • Wade–Giles: ai¹-chʻi¹
    • Yale: āi-chī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aichi
    • Palladius: айци (ajci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: oi¹ cik¹
    • Yale: ōi chīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: oi¹ tsik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: oi¹ qig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: 'oj tshek

Rime
Character	哀あい	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	影かげ (34)	清きよし (14)
Final (韻いん)	咍 (41)	錫すず (127)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I	IV
Fanqie	烏がらす開ひらく切きり	倉くら歷れき切きり
Baxter	'oj	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʌi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɒi/	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəj/	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔᴀi/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/ɒi/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ̆i/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	āi	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	oi1	cik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤəj  s.tʰˤiwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːl  sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	哀あい	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	āi	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔoj ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁəj/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	to pity; sad	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哀あい	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14835	11729
Phonetic component	衣ころも	尗
Rime group	微ほろ	覺さとし
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	哀あい	戚
Old Chinese	/*qɯːl/	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Adjective

哀あい戚

1. (literary) full of grief and sorrow

Synonyms

• 京きょう京きょう (jīngjīng) (literary)
• 傷心しょうしん／伤心 (shāngxīn)
• 傷きず悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
• 傷きず感かん／伤感 (shānggǎn)
• 傷きず懷ふところ／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
• 傷きず痛つう／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
• 傷きず神しん／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
• 刺とげ心こころ (cìxīn)
• 哀傷あいしょう／哀あい伤 (āishāng)
• 哀切あいせつ (āiqiè)
• 哀あい怨 (āiyuàn)
• 哀あい悽／哀あい凄すご (āiqī)
• 哀あい慟／哀あい恸 (āitòng)
• 哀あい痛つう (āitòng)
• 心こころ酸さん (xīnsuān)
• 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
• 悄然しょうぜん (qiǎorán) (literary)
• 情じょう傷きず／情じょう伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
• 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
• 悲傷ひしょう／悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
• 悲哀ひあい (bēi'āi)
• 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
• 悽惶／凄すご惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
• 悽愴せいそう／凄すご怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
• 悲愴ひそう／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
• 悲慘ひさん／悲惨ひさん (bēicǎn)
• 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悽戚／凄すご戚 (qīqī) (literary)
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
• 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲痛ひつう (bēitòng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 感傷かんしょう／感かん伤 (gǎnshāng)
• 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
• 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
• 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
• 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
• 慘むご／惨むご (cǎn)
• 憂ゆう傷きず／忧伤 (yōushāng)
• 慘むご悽／惨むご凄すご (cǎnqī)
• 憂愁ゆうしゅう／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
• 憂ゆう戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
• 慘むご淡あわ／惨むご淡あわ (cǎndàn)
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
• 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
• 沉痛 (chéntòng)
• 淒切／凄すご切せつ (qīqiè)
• 淒惻／凄すご恻 (qīcè) (literary)
• 淒慘／凄惨せいさん (qīcǎn)
• 淒楚／凄すご楚すわえ (qīchǔ)
• 淒涼／凄すご凉 (qīliáng)
• 淒然／凄すご然しか (qīrán) (literary)
• 痛心つうしん (tòngxīn)
• 艱苦かんく心こころ／艰苦心こころ (Hokkien)
• 蒼あおい涼すずか／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
• 酸さん心こころ (suānxīn)
• 難なん受／难受 (nánshòu)
• 難なん過か／难过 (nánguò)
• 青あお凊 (Hokkien)
• 黯然あんぜん (ànrán)