垠

See also: 圻

垠 U+57A0, 垠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A0 ← 垟 [U+579F] CJK Unified Ideographs 垡 → [U+57A1]

Translingual

Han character

垠 (Kangxi radical 32, 土ど+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土日どにち女おんな (GAV), four-corner 4713₂, composition ⿰土ど艮うしとら)

1. boundary, bank of stream or river

Derived characters

• 𭈷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5054
• Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 442, character 7
• Unihan data for U+57A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		垠
alternative forms		圻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮うしとら) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼め	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限かぎり	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根ね	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮うしとら	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇こん	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕あと	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀ぎん	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土ど (“soil”) + phonetic 艮うしとら (OC *kɯːns)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gûn

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngan⁴
    • Yale: ngàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûn
    • Tâi-lô: gûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡun²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡun²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡun¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡun²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡun²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngin, ngj+n, ngon

Rime
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲こえ)	疑うたぐ (31)	疑うたぐ (31)	疑うたぐ (31)
Final (韻いん)	眞しん (44)	欣 (57)	痕あと (53)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III	I
Fanqie	語かたり巾はば切きり	語かたり斤きん切きり	五ご根ね切きり
Baxter	ngin	ngj+n	ngon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiɪn/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋien/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Li Rong	/ŋjĕn/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Wang Li	/ŋǐĕn/	/ŋĭən/	/ŋən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ĕn/	/ŋi̯ən/	/ŋən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín	yín	én
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngan4	ngan4	ngan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːn/, /*ŋrɯn/, /*ŋɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ər/
English	raised border, dike
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	3932	3940	3944
Phonetic component	艮うしとら	艮うしとら	艮うしとら
Rime group	文ぶん	文ぶん	文ぶん
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	垠	銀ぎん	䖐
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯːn/	/*ŋrɯn/	/*ŋɯn/
Notes			同どう圻

Definitions

垠

1. boundary; limit
2. dike; riverbank; raised border

Compounds

• 九きゅう垠
• 八はち垠
• 地ち垠
• 垠垠
• 朕ちん垠
• 朱しゅ垠
• 沂垠
• 涯垠
• 無む垠／无垠 (wúyín)
• 絕ぜっ垠／绝垠
• 邊あたり垠／边垠

 

Japanese

Kanji

垠

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. limit
2. boundary

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: ぎん (gin)
• Kun: さかい (sakai, 垠い); きし (kishi, 垠)

Korean

Hanja

垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)

1. boundary
2. bank of stream or river

Vietnamese

Han character

垠: Hán Nôm readings: hằn, ngăn, ngấn, ngân, ngần

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