羆ひぐま

See also: 罴

羆ひぐま U+7F86, 羆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F86 ← 羅ら [U+7F85] CJK Unified Ideographs 羇 → [U+7F87]

Translingual

Han character

羆ひぐま (Kangxi radical 122, 网+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 田中たなか戈ほこ心火しんか (WLIPF), four-corner 6033₁, composition ⿱罒熊くま)

Derived characters

• 𤜑, 𧟍, 𨰟, 𧄾, 𥷾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 950, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28398
• Dae Jaweon: page 1392, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2928, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7F86

Chinese

trad.		羆ひぐま
simp.		罴
alternative forms		𦌲 𥀍 𥀧 𥀡 𥀦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (罷やめ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
擺	*preːlʔ
犤	*breːl, *pral, *bral
罷やめ	*breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ
矲	*breːlʔ
羆ひぐま	*pral
襬	*pral, *pʰrals
藣	*pral, *prals

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *pral) : phonetic 罷やめ (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ) + semantic 熊くま (“bear”); the common part 能のう is shared.

Etymology

Observing that the young of some brown bear subspecies sport white stripes, which fade with age, around their chests, Zhang (2019) proposes that 羆ひぐま (OC *praj) is cognate to 斑まだら (OC *prân) "stripe, striped", both being from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pral. As 斑まだら (OC *prân) is possibly the same word as 班はん (OC *prân) (Schuessler, 2007), see 班はん (OC *prân) for more etymology.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pí (pi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phî

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pí
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pí
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi²
    • Yale: pí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
    • Palladius: пи (pi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bei¹
    • Yale: bēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
    • Tâi-lô: phî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pje

Rime
Character	羆ひぐま
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	幫 (1)
Final (韻いん)	支ささえ (13)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	彼かれ爲ため切きり
Baxter	pje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/piɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiə̆/
Li Rong	/pje/
Wang Li	/pǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*praj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pral/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羆ひぐま
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ pje ›
Old Chinese	/*praj/
English	brown-and-white bear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羆ひぐま
Reading #	1/1
No.	171
Phonetic component	罷やめ
Rime group	歌うた
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	陂
Old Chinese	/*pral/

Definitions

羆ひぐま

1. (archaic) brown bear

   • 吉よし夢ゆめ維何なに、
     維熊くま維羆ひぐま、
     維虺維蛇へび。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吉よし梦维何なに、
     维熊くま维罴、
     维虺维蛇へび。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jí mèng wéi hé,
     Wéi xióng wéi pí,
     Wéi huǐ wéi shé. [Pinyin]

     What dreams are lucky?
     They have been about black bears and brown bears,
     They have been about asps and adders.

Synonyms

• 馬うま熊ぐま／马熊 (mǎxióng)
• 人ひと熊ぐま (rénxióng)
• 棕熊 (zōngxióng)

Compounds

• 夢ゆめ兆ちょう熊くま羆ひぐま／梦兆熊ぐま罴
• 夢ゆめ羆ひぐま／梦罴
• 熊くま羆ひぐま／熊くま罴
• 熊くま羆ひぐま之の士し／熊くま罴之士し
• 熊くま羆ひぐま之の祥さち／熊くま罴之祥さち
• 熊くま羆ひぐま入にゅう夢ゆめ／熊くま罴入梦
• 羆ひぐま丸まる／罴丸
• 老ろう羆ひぐま當とう道みち／老ろう罴当道どう
• 非ひ熊くま非ひ羆ひぐま／非ひ熊くま非ひ罴
• 非ひ羆ひぐま／非ひ罴

 

Japanese

Kanji

羆ひぐま

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. brown bear

Readings

• Go-on: ひ (hi)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi)
• Kun: ひぐま (higuma, 羆ひぐま)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
羆ひぐま
ひぐま Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
緋ひ熊ぐま 樋熊ひぐま

緋ひ (hi, “scarlet”) +‎ 熊くま (kuma, “bear”)(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひぐま [hìgúmá] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ひぐま [híꜜgùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiɡɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

羆ひぐま(ひぐま) or 羆ひぐま(ヒグマ) • (higuma) 

1. a brown bear

   三毛みけ別べつ(さんけべつ)羆ひぐま(ひぐま)事件じけん(じけん)

   Sankebetsu higuma jiken

   Sankebetsu brown bear incident

Korean

Hanja

羆ひぐま • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)

1. (말곰 비, malgom-): brown bear, horse bear

Synonyms

• 熊くま (웅, ung) bear

Vietnamese

Han character

羆ひぐま: Hán Nôm readings: bi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.