雛ひな

See also: 雏

雛ひな U+96DB, 雛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96DB ← 雚 [U+96DA] CJK Unified Ideographs 雜ざつ → [U+96DC]

Translingual

Han character

雛ひな (Kangxi radical 172, 隹ふるとり+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心こころ山人さんじん土ど (PUOG), four-corner 2041₄, composition ⿰芻隹ふるとり)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1368, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
• Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
• Unihan data for U+96DB

Chinese

trad.		雛ひな
simp.		雏
alternative forms		鶵／𬸅 𨿉 𪀫 𪀩 𨿊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雛ひな
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (芻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
煼	*sʰroːʔ
謅	*sʰroːʔ, *ʔsru, *sʰru
縐	*sʰroːs, *ʔsrus
鄒	*ʔsru
騶	*ʔsru
搊	*ʔsruʔ, *sʰru, *ʔsro
皺しわ	*ʔsrus
篘	*sʰru
㑳	*zrus, *ʔsro, *rnuːb
趍	*sʰlo, *l'al
趨	*sʰlo
芻	*sʰro
犓	*sʰro
雛ひな	*zro
鶵	*zro
媰	*zro
齺	*zroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹ふるとり (“bird”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chú (chu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): co⁴ / co¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu²
    • Yale: chú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: co⁴ / co¹
    • Yale: chòh / chō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁴ / tso¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: co⁴ / co¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
    • Tâi-lô: tshi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
    • Tâi-lô: tshû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
    • Tâi-lô: sû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/

Note: chhû/sû - vernacular (俗ぞく).

---

• Middle Chinese: dzrju

Rime
Character	雛ひな
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	崇たかし (20)
Final (韻いん)	虞おそれ (24)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	仕つかまつ于切きり
Baxter	dzrju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuə̆/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒio/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zro/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雛ひな
Reading #	1/1
No.	1609
Phonetic component	芻
Rime group	侯ほう
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	䅳
Old Chinese	/*zro/

Definitions

雛ひな

1. chick; fledgling

   • 是これ月がつ也，天子てんし乃以雛ひな嘗黍きび，羞以含桃もも，先さき薦こも寢ね廟びょう。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是これ月がつ也，天子てんし乃以雏尝黍きび，羞以含桃もも，先さき荐寝ね庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]

     In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.

2. infant; toddler
3. young; small
4. Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.

Compounds

• 伏ふく龍りゅう鳳雛ほうすう／伏ふく龙凤雏
• 孤こ雛ひな淚なみだ／孤こ雏泪
• 孤こ雛ひな腐くさ鼠ねずみ／孤こ雏腐鼠ねずみ
• 將はた雛ひな／将はた雏
• 小しょう雛ひな兒じ／小しょう雏儿 (xiǎochúr)
• 雛ひな兒じ／雏儿
• 雛ひな型がた／雏型 (chúxíng)
• 雛ひな妓ぎ／雏妓 (chújì)
• 雛形ひながた／雏形 (chúxíng)
• 雛ひな燕つばめ／雏燕
• 雛菊ひなぎく／雏菊 (chújú)
• 雛ひな雞／雏鸡 (chújī)
• 雛鳥ひなどり／雏鸟 (chúniǎo)
• 雛ひな鳳おおとり／雏凤
• 鳳雛ほうすう／凤雏
• 鳳雛ほうすう麟子／凤雏麟子
• 鵷雛／鹓雏 (yuānchú)
• 鸞鳳雛ひな／鸾凤雏
• 麟子鳳雛ほうすう／麟子凤雏
• 龍りゅう駒こま鳳雛ほうすう／龙驹凤雏

 

References

• “雛ひな”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

雛ひな

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅ (ju)
• Kan-on: す (su)
• Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
• Kun: ひな (hina, 雛ひな); ひいな (hīna, 雛ひな); ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛ひな); ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛ひな)

Etymology 1

雛ひな (hina, hīna): Emperor and Empress hina dolls, in front of gold screens. The optional lampstands are also partially visible.

Kanji in this term
雛ひな
ひな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/

Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひな [híꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çina̠]

Noun

雛ひな(ひな) • (hina) 

1. a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
2. short for 雛ひな祭まつり (Hina matsuri)
3. a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below

Prefix

雛ひな(ひな) • (hina-) 

1. diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛ひな (hina)

• 雛ひな遊ゆう(ひなあそ)び, 雛ひな遊ゆう(ひなあそび) (hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛ひな霰(ひなあられ) (hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな合あい(ひなあ)わせ, 雛ひな合あい(ひなあわせ) (hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな市し(ひないち) (hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな会かい(ひなえ) (Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな送おく(ひなおく)り, 雛ひな送おく(ひなおくり) (hinaokuri): synonym for 雛ひな流ながし (hinanagashi): see below
• 雛ひな男おとこ(ひなおとこ) (hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
• 雛菓子ひながし(ひながし) (hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇ひなだん (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
• 雛形ひながた(ひながた), 雛ひな型がた(ひながた) (hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子おりえぼし (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
• 雛形ひながた尺じゃく(ひながたざし) (hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
• 雛ひな蚊屋がや吊つるし(ひながやつり), 雛ひな蚊帳かや釣つり(ひながやつり) (hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳かや吊つるし草そう (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
• 雛ひな鑑定かんてい器き(ひなかんていき) (hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
• 雛ひな鑑別かんべつ者しゃ(ひなかんべつしゃ) (hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
• 雛ひな桔梗ききょう(ひなぎきょう) (hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
• 雛菊ひなぎく(ひなぎく) (hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
• 雛ひな衣ころも(ひなぎぬ) (hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛罌粟ひなげし(ひなげし), 雛ひな芥子からし(ひなげし) (hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
• 雛ひな事ごと(ひなごと) (hinagoto): synonym for 雛遊ひなあそび (hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
• 雛ひな尖とんが(ひなさき) (hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子えぼし (eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
• 雛ひな桜さくら(ひなざくら) (hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
• 雛ひな裁さい(ひなだ)ち, 雛ひな裁さい(ひなだち) (hinadachi): a 一ひとつ身み (hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
• 雛壇ひなだん(ひなだん), 雛ひな段だん (ひなだん, ​hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls; a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
• 雛ひな鶴づる(ひなづる) (hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
• 雛鳥ひなどり(ひなどり) (hinadori): Synonym of 雛ひな (hiyoko, “chick”) (see Etymology 3)
• 雛ひな流りゅう(ひななが)し, 雛ひな流りゅう(ひなながし) (hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
• 雛人形ひなにんぎょう(ひなにんぎょう) (hina ningyō): a hina doll
• 雛ひな(ひな)の臼うす壺つぼ(うすつぼ) (hina no usutsubo):
• 雛ひな(ひな)の簪かんざし(かんざし) (hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
• 雛ひなの錫杖しゃくじょう (ひなのしゃくじょう, ​hina no shakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
• 雛ひな(ひな)の錫杖しゃくじょう科か(しゃくじょうか) (hina no shakujōka): Burmanniaceae, the botanical name for a family of monocot flowering plants
• 雛ひな(ひな)の節句せっく(せく) (Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri,
• 雛ひな(ひな)の節句せっく(せっく) (Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな(ひな)の使つかい(つか)い (hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな保育ほいく器き(ひなほいくき) (hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
• 雛祭ひなまつり(ひなまつ)り, 雛祭ひなまつり(ひなまつり) (Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛ひな屋や(ひなや) (hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
• 雛ひな欄らん(ひならん) (hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia
• 初生しょせい雛ひな(しょせいひな) (shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
• 後のち(のち)の雛ひな(ひな) (Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
• 初はつ雛ひな(はつひな) (hatsuhina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雛ひな
ひいな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/

Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひいな [híꜜìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiːna̠]

Noun

雛ひな(ひいな) • (hīna) ^{←ひひな (fifina)?}

1. (archaic) doll

Usage notes

This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛ひな (hīna)

• 雛ひな遊ゆう(ひいなあそ)び, 雛ひな遊ゆう(ひいなあそび) (hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛ひな合あい(ひいなあ)わせ, 雛ひな合あい(ひいなあわせ) (hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛ひな衣ころも(ひいなぎぬ) (hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛草ひなくさ(ひいなぐさ) (hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢かもじ草そう (kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
• 雛ひな本ほん(ひいなぼん) (hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
• 雛祭ひなまつり(ひいなまつ)り, 雛祭ひなまつり(ひいなまつり) (Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛ひな屋や(ひいなや) (hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls

Etymology 3

雛ひな (hiyoko): A baby chicken (chick), Gallus gallus domesticus

Kanji in this term
雛ひな
ひよこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/

Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) +‎ 子こ (ko, “diminutive suffix”).

Possibly related to Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk), whence modern Korean 병아리 (byeong'ari, “chick”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひよこ [hìyókó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞ko̞]

Noun

雛ひな(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) 

1. chick, young bird
2. child; youngling, greenhorn

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛ひな (hiyoko)

• 雛ひな豆まめ(ひよこまめ) (hiyoko mame): the chickpea or garbanzo bean
• 雛ひな胚はい(ひよこはい) (hiyoko hai): a chick embryo

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雛ひな
ひよっこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/hijoko/ → /hijokko/

Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひよっこ [hìyókkó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞k̚ko̞]

Noun

雛ひな(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) 

1. a chick, a young bird
2. a child; a youngling, a greenhorn

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雛ひな
すう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u¹.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɨː]

Affix

雛ひな(すう) • (sū) 

1. young, new, a greenhorn

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛ひな (sū)

• 雛ひな妓ぎ(すうぎ) (sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉はんぎょく (hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
• 雛ひな僧そう(すうそう) (sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate
• 育そだて雛ひな(いくすう) (ikusū): raising chicks
• 臥竜がりょう鳳雛ほうすう(がりょうほうすう) (garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 伏ふく竜りゅう鳳雛ほうすう(ふくりょうほうすう) (fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 鳳雛ほうすう(ほうすう) (hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
• 帰趨きすう(きすう) (kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point

Korean

Hanja

雛ひな (eum 추 (chu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

雛ひな: Hán Nôm readings: sồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.