黎はじむ民みん

Chinese

		surname; black; Lebanon (abbrev.)	the people; nationality; citizen
trad. (黎はじむ民みん)		黎はじむ	民みん
simp. #(黎はじむ民みん)		黎はじむ	民みん

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): límín

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴ man⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: límín
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: límín
    • Wade–Giles: li²-min²
    • Yale: lí-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: limin
    • Palladius: лиминь (liminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵ min³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lai⁴ man⁴
    • Yale: làih màhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴ man⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴ men⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹ mɐn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: lej mjin

Rime
Character	黎はじむ	民みん
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	來き (37)	明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん)	齊ひとし (39)	眞しん (43)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	IV	III
Fanqie	郎ろう奚切きり	彌わたる鄰切きり
Baxter	lej	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/	/min/
Li Rong	/lei/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/liei/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai4	man4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤij|[r]ˤij  mi[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːl  min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黎はじむ	黎はじむ	民みん
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lej ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁij/ (Cf. 耆 0552l ɡij < *[ɡ]rij ‘old’)	/*[r]ˁij/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	old	black	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黎はじむ	民みん
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7880	9130
Phonetic component	利り	民みん
Rime group	脂あぶら	眞しん
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎はじむ	民みん
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*min/

Noun

黎はじむ民みん

1. (literary) the common people; commoners; the masses

   • 太ふと康やすし尸しかばね位い，以逸いっ豫よ滅めつ厥德，黎はじむ民みん咸貳に。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     太ふと康やすし尸しかばね位い，以逸いっ豫よ灭厥德，黎はじむ民みん咸贰。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Forged Old Text of the Book of Documents, circa 3^rd – 4^th century CE

     Tàikāng shīwèi, yǐ yìyù miè juédé, límín xián èr. [Pinyin]

     Tai Kang who held his position without doing anything lived happily and comfortably instead of being moral. All commoners were disloyal.

Synonyms

• 一般人いっぱんじん (yībānrén)
• 世人せじん (shìrén)
• 世間せけん人じん／世よ间人 (Hokkien)
• 人士じんし (rénshì) (literary)
• 人民じんみん (rénmín)
• 人ひと群ぐん (rénqún)
• 人ひと萌もえ (rénméng) (literary)
• 俗人ぞくじん (súrén)
• 俗ぞく子こ (súzǐ) (literary)
• 𫣆人ひと (Hakka)
• 兆民ちょうみん (zhàomín) (archaic)
• 公おおやけ眾／公おおやけ众 (gōngzhòng)
• 凡人ぼんじん (fánrén)
• 凡夫ぼんぷ (fánfū) (literary)
• 匹夫ひっぷ (pǐfū) (literary)
• 四よん眾人／四よん众人 (si³ zing³ nang⁵) (Teochew)
• 士人しじん (shìrén) (archaic)
• 大だい眾／大だい众 (dàzhòng)
• 子こ民みん (zǐmín) (historical)
• 家人かじん (jiārén) (archaic)
• 布衣ふい (bùyī) (historical)
• 常人じょうじん (chángrén)
• 平たいら人じん (píngrén) (literary)
• 平ひら常人じょうじん (píngchángrén)
• 平民へいみん (píngmín)
• 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
• 庶民しょみん (shùmín) (literary)
• 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
• 普通ふつう人じん (pǔtōngrén)
• 民みん人じん (mínrén) (literary)
• 民みん眾／民みん众 (mínzhòng)
• 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
• 白衣はくい (báiyī) (historical)
• 白衣はくい人じん (báiyīrén) (historical)
• 白身しろみ (báishēn) (archaic)
• 白身しろみ人じん (báishēnrén) (archaic)
• 百姓ひゃくしょう
• 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
• 萬まん姓せい／万まん姓せい (wànxìng) (archaic)
• 群ぐん眾／群ぐん众 (qúnzhòng)
• 老ろう百姓ひゃくしょう (lǎobǎixìng)
• 良人りょうじん (liángrén) (literary)
• 草くさ民みん (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
• 草くさ菅すが (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
• 草野くさの (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
• 萌もえ (literary)
• 野人やじん (yěrén) (archaic)
• 黎はじむ庶 (líshù) (literary)
• 黎はじむ首くび (líshǒu) (archaic)
• 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (黎はじむ民みん):

• → Japanese: 黎はじむ民みん(れいみん) (reimin)
• → Korean: 여민(黎はじむ民みん) (yeomin)
• → Vietnamese: lê dân (黎はじむ民みん)

→ Vietnamese: dân đen (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
黎はじむ	民みん
れい Jinmeiyō	みん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːmʲĩɴ]

Noun

黎はじむ(れい)民みん(みん) • (reimin) 

1. the common people, commoners, the masses

Korean

Hanja in this term
黎はじむ	民みん

Noun

黎はじむ民みん • (yeomin) (hangeul 여민)

1. hanja form^? of 여민 (“the common people, commoners, the masses”)

Noun

黎はじむ民みん • (ryeomin) (hangeul 려민)

1. hanja form^? of 려민 (“the common people, commoners, the masses (North Korean)”)