^Although officially controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, the Gaza Strip is administered separately and has achieved its own unique sub-national status as a Palestinian proto-state.[11]
^Jubaland declared itself independent of Somalia in 1998.[13] It technically rejoined Somalia in 2001 when its ruling Juba Valley Alliance became part of the country's Transitional Federal Government. However, Jubaland has continued to persist as a more or less autonomous state.[14]
^The erosion of Portuguese military control over northern Mozambique during the Mozambican War of Independence allowed local guerrillas to establish a proto-state there, which survived until the war ended in 1974. Home to about a million people, the miniature insurgent proto-state was managed by FRELIMO's civilian wing and was able to provide administrative services, open trade relations with Tanzania, and even supervise the construction of its own schools and hospitals with foreign aid.[30]
^ 1.01.1John P. Grant; J. Craig Barker. Quasi-State. Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law 3rd. 牛津: 牛津大學出版社. 2009: 493, 580. ISBN 978-0-19-538977-7. OL 23213349M. WikidataQ105755921(英语). A term sometimes used to describe entities with many, but not all, the criteria of statehood . . . which are nonetheless possessed of a measure of international personality. . . . a term of international relations, and certainly not of international law, it connotes former colonies . . .
^Tillery, Virginia. Faris, Hani , 编. The Failure of the Two-State Solution: The Prospects of One State in the Israel-Palestine Conflict. London: I.B.Tauris, Publishers. 2013: 28–29. ISBN 978-1780760940.
^Piskunova, Natalia. Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia , 编. Order and Disorder in the International System. London: Routledge Books. 2010: 126. ISBN 978-140940505-4.
^Somalia. World Statesmen. [March 9, 2006]. (原始内容存档于2006-02-09). - also shows Italian colonial flag & links to map (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^Roeder, Philip. Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2007: 281. ISBN 978-0691134673.
^Hague Academy of International Law. Recueil des cours: Collected courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. Alphen aan den Rijn: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, Publishers. 1978: 100–101. ISBN 978-90-286-0759-0.
^Ryabchuk, Mykola. Between Civil Society and the New Etatism: Democracy in the Making and State Building in Ukraine. Kennedy, Michael D. (编). Envisioning Eastern Europe: Postcommunist Cultural Studies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1994: 135. ISBN 0-472-10556-6. For Ukraine, even the formal declaration of the Ukrainian SSR, however puppet like, was extremely important. First, it somewhat legitimized the very existence of the Ukrainian state and nation, even if by an “inviolable” union with Russia. Second, it provided an opportunity to create certain state structure, establish state symbols, and even attain an only informal but, as it turned out, crucial membership in the United Nations. Third, the formal existence of the Ukrainian SSR as a distinct ethnic, territorial, and administrative entity with state like features objectively created a legitimate and psychological basis for the eventual formation of a political nation. It has proven much easier to change a nominal “sovereignty” to a real one than to build a state out of several provinces (gubernia) threatened by foreign intervention and civil war, as in 1917–20.
^Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. Dargin, Justin , 编. The Rise of the Global South: Philosophical, Geopolitical and Economic Trends of the 21st Century. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. 2013: 155–156. ISBN 978-9814397803.