罗伯特とく·索さく洛らく

罗伯特とく·索さく洛らく
罗伯特とく·索さく洛らく
	Robert Merton Solow
	攝と於2008年ねん
出生しゅっしょう	1924年ねん8月がつ23日にち; 美国びくに紐ひも約やく州しゅう布ぬの魯克林りん
逝世	2023年ねん12月21日にち（99歲さい）; 美国びくに麻あさ薩諸塞ふさが州しゅう萊辛頓とみ
研究けんきゅう机つくえ构	麻あさ省しょう理工りこう學院がくいん
研究けんきゅう领域	總體そうたい經濟けいざい學がく
学派がくは	新しん古典こてん綜合そうごう學派がくは
母校ぼこう	哈佛大學だいがく（BA、MA、PhD）; 哥倫比ひ亞あ大學だいがく
博士はかせ導師どうし	瓦かわら西里にしさと·列れつ昂のぼる季き耶夫
博士はかせ生せい	喬たかし治ち·阿おもね克かつ洛らく夫おっと; 馬うま里さと奧おく·巴ともえ爾なんじ達たち薩里（英えい语：Mario Baldassarri）; 巴ともえ托たく爾なんじ·M·費ひ倫りん茨いばら（英えい语：Francis M. Bator）; 查理·賓まろうど（英えい语：Charlie Bean (economist)）; 艾あい倫りん·布ぬの蘭らん德とく（英えい语：Alan Blinder）; 維托里さと奧おく·可か波なみ（英えい语：Vittorio Corbo）; 彼かれ得とく·戴蒙德とく; 阿おもね維納什·迪すすむ克かつ西にし特とく; 馬うま里さと奧おく·德とく拉ひしげ吉きち; 艾あい倫りん·恩おん托たく芬（英えい语：Alain Enthoven）; 雷かみなり·費ひ爾なんじ（英えい语：Ray Fair）; 隆りゅう納おさむ·芬德利とっくり（英えい语：Ronald Findlay）; 羅ら伯はく特とく·J·戈ほこ登とう（英えい语：Robert J. Gordon）; 羅ら伯はく特とく·霍爾（英えい语：Robert Hall (economist)）; 邁克爾なんじ·因いん特とく里加りか托たく爾なんじ（英えい语：Michael Intriligator）; 岩井いわい克人かつと（日にち语：Katsuhito Iwai）; 羅ら納おさむ德とく·W·瓊斯（英えい语：Ronald W. Jones）; 阿おもね諾だく德とく·克かつ林りん（英えい语：Arnold Kling）; 格かく倫りん·洛らく里さと（英えい语：Glenn Loury）; 赫伯特とく·莫林（英えい语：Herbert Mohring）; 威い廉かど·諾だく德とく豪ごう斯; 喬たかし治ち·佩里（英えい语：George Perry (American economist)）; 羅ら伯はく特とく·平たいら迪すすむ克かつ（英えい语：Robert Pindyck）; 阿おもね爾しか瓊·庫こ馬ば爾しか·森もり古こ普ふ塔とう（英えい语：Arjun Kumar Sengupta）; 史ふみ蒂文·沙すな維爾（英えい语：Steven Shavell）傑すぐる里さと米まい·西にし格かく爾なんじ（英えい语：Jeremy Siegel）; 約やく瑟夫·史し迪すすむ格かく里さと茲; 哈維·M·華はな格納かくのう（英えい语：Harvey M. Wagner）; 馬丁ばてい·韋茨曼; 哈爾伯はく特とく·懷ふところ特とく（英えい语：Halbert White）
受影响于	保ほ羅ら·薩繆爾しか森もり
贡献	索さく洛らく模型もけい
奖项	克かつ拉ひしげ克かつ獎章（1961）; 諾だく貝かい爾なんじ經濟けいざい學がく獎（1987）; 美國びくに國家こっか科學かがく獎章（1999）; 總統そうとう自由じゆう勳章くんしょう（2014）
	IDEAS/RePEc（英えい语：Research Papers in Economics）上うえ的てき資し訊

罗伯特とく·墨すみ頓ひたぶる·索さく洛らく（英語えいご：Robert Merton Solow，1924年ねん8月がつ23日にち—2023年ねん12月21日にち），美国びくに经济学がく家か，以其新しん古典こてん经济增ぞう长理り论著称たたえ，并在1961年ねん被ひ授予美国びくに经济学会がっかい授予青年せいねん经济学がく家か的てき克かつ拉ひしげ克かつ奖章和わ1987年ねん诺贝尔经济学奖。

生平おいだいら

索さく洛らく出生しゅっしょう于纽约的てき布ぬの鲁克林りん，1942年ねん到いた1945年ねん服ふく兵役へいえき，1951年ねん获得哈佛大学だいがく博士はかせ学位がくい。他た的てき导师是ぜ研究けんきゅう投入とうにゅう产出模型もけい著ちょ称しょう的てき1973年ねん诺贝尔奖得とく主ぬし瓦かわら西里にしさと·列れつ昂のぼる季き耶夫。

2023年ねん12月21日にち，索さく洛らく在ざい馬うま塞ふさが諸しょ塞ふさが州しゅう列れつ克かつ星ほし敦あつし的てき家中かちゅう逝世，終年しゅうねん99歲さい。^[27]

學術がくじゅつ貢獻こうけん

新しん古典こてん主ぬし义经济增长模型がた由よし于索洛らく的てき开创性せい工作こうさく而称之の为索洛らく模型もけい，该模型がた是ぜ经济增ぞう长理论中ちゅう不可ふか或ある缺かけ的てき内容ないよう。在ざい索さく洛らく模型もけい中なか，对经济总体たい的てき增ぞう长贡献けんじ被ひ设定为由劳动、资本和わ技わざ术进步ふ三さん者しゃ组成，并假设边际生产递减的一いち次じ齐次的てき总生なま产函数すう、满足稻田いなだ条件じょうけん、储蓄率りつ一定いってい，技わざ术进步ふ为外生せい等とう的てき条件じょうけん。在ざい此基础上得とく出で了りょう政府せいふ政策せいさく对于经济增ぞう长的てき作用さよう是ぜ无效的てき结论。虽然其众多た苛刻的てき假かり设条件じょうけん和わ得とく出で的てき政府せいふ政策せいさく无效论使人じん感かん觉消极，但ただし在ざい羅ら伊い·哈羅德とく和わ埃ほこり弗どる塞ふさが·多た马的てき极其不ふ稳定的てき刀かたな锋增长模型がた（哈罗德とく-多た马模型がた）一直让人们担心资本主义社会中的经济增ぞう长，特とく别是长期增ぞう长是不ふ稳定的てき当とう时，索さく洛らく模型もけい提出ていしゅつ的てき增本ますもと主しゅ义模式しき的てき资本积累过程从长期き来らい讲将收おさむ敛于经济增ぞう长稳定状じょう态（Steady state）的てき这一结论无疑是给关心经济增ぞう长问题的てき经济学界がっかい注入ちゅうにゅう了りょう一いち剂强心こころ针。

索さく洛らく的てき开创性せい工作こうさく之の后きさき，许多在ざい此基础上的てき扩充模型もけい被ひ不断ふだん提出ていしゅつ。例れい如实际经济周期しゅうき理り论（Real Business Cycle Theory）就是在ざい索さく洛らく模型もけい基もと础上考こう虑最优消费问题的一いち个崭新しん的てき新しん古典こてん派は经济学がく基もと础理论。但ただし是ぜ，这些模型もけい基本きほん上じょう把わ技わざ术进步ふ视为某ぼう种外生せい的てき冲击，与あずか80年代ねんだい中ちゅう后きさき期き产生的てき注ちゅう重じゅう技わざ术进步ふ内うち生せい化か的てき新しん经济增ぞう长模型がた（或ある内うち生せい经济增ぞう长模型がた）形成けいせい鲜明对照。

索さく洛らく曾在哥伦比ひ亚大学がく执教，又また于麻あさ省しょう理工りこう学院がくいん任にん荣誉研究けんきゅう机つくえ构教授きょうじゅ。

参まいり见

文献ぶんけん列れつ表ひょう

Solow, R.M., 1956, ``A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics 70: 65-94.
Solow, R.M., 1957, ``Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function,," Review of Economics and Statistics 39: 312-320.

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん

^ Akerlof, George A. Wages and capital (PDF) (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1966 [June 28, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 19, 2017）.
^ Baldassarri, Mario. Government investment, inflation and growth in a mixed economy : theoretical aspects and empirical evidence of the experience of Italian government corporation investments (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1978. hdl:1721.1/99791.
^ Bator, Francis M. Capital, Growth and Welfare—Theories of Allocation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956. hdl:1721.1/97306.
^ Bean, Charles Richard. Essays in unemployment and economic activity (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1982 [June 30, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于May 26, 2020）.
^ Blinder, Alan S. Towards an Economic Theory of Income Distribution (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1971 [July 1, 2017].
^ Peter A. Diamond – Autobiography – Nobelprize.org 互联网档案あん馆的てき存そん檔，存そん档日期きApril 1, 2012，., PDF page 2
^ Dixit, Avinash K. Development Planning in a Dual Economy (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1968 [July 1, 2017].
^ Enthoven, Alain C. Studies in the theory of inflation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956 [June 30, 2017].
^ Fair, Ray C. The Short Run Demand for Employment (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1968. hdl:1721.1/80461.
^ Findlay, Ronald Edsel. Essays on Some Theoretical Aspects of Economic Growth (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1960 [June 30, 2017].
^ Gordon, Robert J. Problems in the measurement of real investment in the U.S. private economy (学位がくい论文). MIT. 1967. hdl:1721.1/105586.
^ Hall, Robert E. Essays on the Theory of Wealth (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1967 [July 5, 2017].
^ Intriligator, Michael D. Essays on productivity and savings (PhD论文). MIT. 1963. OCLC 33811859.
^ Iwai, Katsuhito. Essays on Dynamic Economic Theory – Fisherian Theory of Optimal Capital Accumulation and Keynesian Short-run Disequilibrium Dynamics (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1972 [July 5, 2017].
^ Jones, Ronald Winthrop. Essays in the Theory of International Trade and the Balance of Payments (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956. hdl:1721.1/106042.
^ Loury, Glenn Cartman. Essays in the Theory of the Distribution of Income (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1976. hdl:1721.1/27456.
^ Mohring, Herbert D. The life insurance industry: a study of price policy and its determinants (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1959. hdl:1721.1/11790.
^ Nordhaus, William Dawbney. A Theory of Endogenous Technological Change (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1967 [July 1, 2017]. 18. Turgay Özkan|Turkish| date 1979| thesis: Rational Expectations- A game theoretic approach
^ Perry, George. Aggregate wage determination and the problem of inflation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1961 [July 4, 2017].
^ Sengupta, Arjun Kumar. A study in the constant-elasticity-of-substitution production function (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1963 [July 4, 2017].
^ Shavell, Steven Mark. Essays in Economic Theory (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1973 [July 5, 2017].
^ Siegel, Jeremy J. Stability of a Monetary Economy with Inflationary Expectations (PDF) (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1971 [July 5, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 20, 2017）.
^ Stiglitz, Joseph E. Studies in the Theory of Economic Growth and Income Distribution (PDF) (学位がくい论文). MIT: 4. 1966 [June 29, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 19, 2017）.
^ Wagner, Harvey M. Statistical Management of Inventory Systems (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1962 [June 30, 2017].
^ Weitzman, Martin. Toward a theory of iterative economic planning (学位がくい论文). MIT. 1967 [May 26, 2018].
^ Hausman, Jerry, Hal White: Time at MIT and Early Life Days of Research, Chen, Xiaohong; Swanson, Norman R. (编), Recent Advances and Future Directions in Causality, Prediction, and Specification Analysis, New York: Springer: 209–218, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-1652-4.
^ Economist Robert Solow Dies at 99. TIME. 2023-12-22 [2023-12-22]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2023-12-22）（英えい语）.

外部がいぶ链接

诺贝尔奖获奖者しゃ自じ传——索さく洛らく

[1] Akerlof, George A. Wages and capital (PDF) (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1966 [June 28, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 19, 2017）.

[2] Baldassarri, Mario. Government investment, inflation and growth in a mixed economy : theoretical aspects and empirical evidence of the experience of Italian government corporation investments (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1978. hdl:1721.1/99791.

[3] Bator, Francis M. Capital, Growth and Welfare—Theories of Allocation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956. hdl:1721.1/97306.

[4] Bean, Charles Richard. Essays in unemployment and economic activity (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1982 [June 30, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于May 26, 2020）.

[5] Blinder, Alan S. Towards an Economic Theory of Income Distribution (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1971 [July 1, 2017].

[6] Peter A. Diamond – Autobiography – Nobelprize.org 互联网档案あん馆的てき存そん檔，存そん档日期きApril 1, 2012，., PDF page 2

[7] Dixit, Avinash K. Development Planning in a Dual Economy (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1968 [July 1, 2017].

[8] Enthoven, Alain C. Studies in the theory of inflation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956 [June 30, 2017].

[9] Fair, Ray C. The Short Run Demand for Employment (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1968. hdl:1721.1/80461.

[10] Findlay, Ronald Edsel. Essays on Some Theoretical Aspects of Economic Growth (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1960 [June 30, 2017].

[11] Gordon, Robert J. Problems in the measurement of real investment in the U.S. private economy (学位がくい论文). MIT. 1967. hdl:1721.1/105586.

[12] Hall, Robert E. Essays on the Theory of Wealth (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1967 [July 5, 2017].

[13] Intriligator, Michael D. Essays on productivity and savings (PhD论文). MIT. 1963. OCLC 33811859.

[14] Iwai, Katsuhito. Essays on Dynamic Economic Theory – Fisherian Theory of Optimal Capital Accumulation and Keynesian Short-run Disequilibrium Dynamics (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1972 [July 5, 2017].

[15] Jones, Ronald Winthrop. Essays in the Theory of International Trade and the Balance of Payments (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1956. hdl:1721.1/106042.

[16] Loury, Glenn Cartman. Essays in the Theory of the Distribution of Income (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1976. hdl:1721.1/27456.

[17] Mohring, Herbert D. The life insurance industry: a study of price policy and its determinants (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1959. hdl:1721.1/11790.

[18] Nordhaus, William Dawbney. A Theory of Endogenous Technological Change (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1967 [July 1, 2017]. 18. Turgay Özkan|Turkish| date 1979| thesis: Rational Expectations- A game theoretic approach

[19] Perry, George. Aggregate wage determination and the problem of inflation (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1961 [July 4, 2017].

[20] Sengupta, Arjun Kumar. A study in the constant-elasticity-of-substitution production function (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1963 [July 4, 2017].

[21] Shavell, Steven Mark. Essays in Economic Theory (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1973 [July 5, 2017].

[22] Siegel, Jeremy J. Stability of a Monetary Economy with Inflationary Expectations (PDF) (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1971 [July 5, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 20, 2017）.

[23] Stiglitz, Joseph E. Studies in the Theory of Economic Growth and Income Distribution (PDF) (学位がくい论文). MIT: 4. 1966 [June 29, 2017]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于August 19, 2017）.

[24] Wagner, Harvey M. Statistical Management of Inventory Systems (学位がくい论文). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1962 [June 30, 2017].

[25] Weitzman, Martin. Toward a theory of iterative economic planning (学位がくい论文). MIT. 1967 [May 26, 2018].

[26] Hausman, Jerry, Hal White: Time at MIT and Early Life Days of Research, Chen, Xiaohong; Swanson, Norman R. (编), Recent Advances and Future Directions in Causality, Prediction, and Specification Analysis, New York: Springer: 209–218, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-1652-4.

[27] Economist Robert Solow Dies at 99. TIME. 2023-12-22 [2023-12-22]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2023-12-22）（英えい语）.

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