美国 运输安全 管理 局
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运输 | |
Transportation Security Administration | |
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2001 | |
僱員 | |
75.5 | |
授權 | |
www |
历史与 法案
[编辑]管理 和 组织架 构
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/US-TransportationSecurityAdmin-DOTSeal.svg/180px-US-TransportationSecurityAdmin-DOTSeal.svg.png)
新 总部
[编辑]2017
徽章
[编辑]2018
领导层
[编辑]# | 备注 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
John Magaw | 2002 | |
2 | ![]() |
James Loy | 2002–2003 | |
3 | ![]() |
David M. Stone | 2003–2005 | |
— | Kenneth Kasprisin | 2005 | ||
4 | ![]() |
Kip Hawley | 2005–2009 | |
— | ![]() |
Gale Rossides | 2009–2010 | |
5 | ![]() |
John S. Pistole | 2010–2014 | |
— | ![]() |
Melvin J. Carraway | 2015 | |
— | ![]() |
Mark Hatfield Jr. | 2015 | |
— | ![]() |
Francis X. Taylor | 2015 | |
6 | ![]() |
Peter V. Neffenger | 2015–2017 | |
— | ![]() |
Huban A. Gowadia | 2017 | |
7 | ![]() |
David Pekoske | 2017- |
组织结构
[编辑]局 长(Administrator)副 局 长(Deputy Administrator)- 绩效
与 企 业风险办公 室 (Office of Performance and Enterprise Risk) 首席 律 师办公 室 (Office of Chief Counsel)公民 权利和 自由 、监察员和旅行 者 参与 办公室 (Office of Civil Rights and Liberties, Ombudsman and Traveler Engagement)- 财务
和 行政 办公室 Office of Finance and Administration)
- 绩效
- 办公
室 主管 (Chief of Staff)法律 事 务办公 室 (Office of Legislative Affairs)- 战略传播
和 公共 事 务办公 室 (Office of Strategic Communications and Public Affairs)
- 运营
主管 (Chief of Operations)全 球 战略办公室 (Office of Global Strategies)情 报与分析 办公室 (Office of Intelligence and Analysis)- 执法办公
室 (Office of Law Enforcement) / 联邦航空 警察 勤 务部 要求 和 能力 分析 办公室 (Office of Requirements and Capabilities Analysis)安全 运行办公室 (Office of Security Operations)安全 政策 和行 业参与 办公室 (Office of Security Policy and Industry Engagement)
任 务支持 主管 (Chief of Mission Support)收 购计划管理 办公室 (Office of Acquisition Program Manangement)合同 与 采 购办公 室 (Office of Contracting and Procurement)人力 资本办公室 (Office of Human Capital)信 息 技 术办公 室 (Office of Information Technology)- 检查办公
室 (Office of Inspection) - 职业责任办公
室 (Office of Professional Responsibility) 培 训与发展办公室 (Office of Training and Development)[12]
执法
[编辑]机 场安检
[编辑]该机构负责
TSA筛查员(
TSA
雇 员
[编辑]TSA员工
- 运输
安全 官 :TSA雇 佣了大 约4.7万名运输安全官员(Transportation Security Officer,简称TSO),这也通常 被 称 为筛检员(screener)或 agents。这些人 员负责筛查人员和财物,以及控 制 机 场的出入 境 点 。他 们也监视着 检查站前方 和 后 方 的 多 个区域 。[19][20]运输安全 官 不 携带武器 ,不 被 允 许使用 武力 ,并且也没有 权利进行逮捕 。[21]
- 运输
安全 官 (TSO)为航空 旅客 、机 场和飞机提供 安全 和 保 护,这包括 :使用 各 种筛检设备和技 术识别行李 、货物和 乘客 中 的 危险物品 ,并防止 这些物品 被 运上飞机。- 执行
搜索 和 筛检,其中可能 包括 与 乘客 的 物理 互动(例 如拍打 搜 检、搜索 财物等 ),进行行李 搜索 以及举起/搬运手提袋 、行李 箱 垃圾箱 以及最 重 达70磅财务。 控 制 末 端 入口 和 出口 。与 公 众互动,指 导和回 应询问。- Maintaining focus and awareness while working in a stressful environment which includes noise from alarms, machinery and people, crowd distractions, time pressure, and disruptive and angry passengers, in order to preserve the professional ability to identify and locate potentially life threatening or mass destruction devices, and to make effective decisions in both crisis and routine situations.
- Engaging in continuous development of critical thinking skills, necessary to mitigate actual and potential security threats, by identifying, evaluating, and applying appropriate situational options and approaches. This may include application of risk-based security screening protocols that vary based on program requirements.
- Retaining and implementing knowledge of all applicable Standard Operating Procedures, demonstrating responsible and dependable behavior, and is open to change and adapts to new information or unexpected obstacles.[22]
- 截至2014
年 9月 [update],运输安全 官 起 薪 为每年 25,773到 38,660美 元 [23],不 包括 地区 补贴(48个州)或 夏 威 夷 和 阿 拉 斯加的 生活 费津贴。少数 机 场也有高 达35%的 保留 奖金。[24]这超过了私 营安检员的 薪 金 。[25]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/US_Navy_050815-F-4201N-092_A_member_of_the_Transportation_Security_Administration_%28TSA%29_conducts_a_security_search_for_unidentified_objects_during_an_alert_response_mission_during_Alaska_Shield-Northern_Edge.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg)
行 为检测官:2003年 ,TSA实施了 观察技 术筛检乘客 (SPOT),并于2007年 扩展到 美国 各地 。在 这个计划中 ,身 为运输安全 官 的 行 为检测官(BDO)在 乘客 经过安 检点时观察乘客 ,寻找可能 存在 较高风险的 行 为,使 这些旅客 接受 额外的 检查。[26]
- 该TSA
方案 在 2013年 受到了 联邦政府 政府 问责局 的 审查,因 为没有 证据表明 它的有效 性 ,所以 建 议是其削减资金 。[30]JASON科学 咨询小 组也表示 ,“没 有 科学 证据支持 未来 行 为的发现或 推断 ,包括 意 图。”[31]
- 联邦
航空 警察 :美國 聯邦 空中 法 警 is the law enforcement arm of the TSA. FAMs are federal law enforcement officers who work臥 底 to protect the air travel system from hostile acts. As a part of the Federal Air Marshal Service, FAMs do carry weapons.[32]
- The FAM role, then called "sky marshalls", originated in 1961 with U.S. Customs Service (now
美國 海 關 及邊境 保衛 局 ) following the first US hijacking.[33]It became part of the TSA following the creation of the TSA following the September 11 attacks,[32]was transferred to the美国 移民 及海关执法 局 in 2003, and back to the TSA in fiscal 2006.[來 源 請求 ]
- Federal Flight Deck Officer (FFDOs) are the airline pilots working for the U.S. airlines, who are deputized as federal law enforcement officers (FLEOs) to carry out the law enforcement duties within their specific jurisdictions (flight deck) and only from the time their aircraft doors are closed and until they are opened. FFDOs have the power to arrest, apply force (only within their jurisdiction) and are required to carry a federally issued firearm. Only active airline pilots are eligible for the FFDO program, which is available for a limited enrollment on a volunteer basis. FFDO's are trained by the
美國 聯邦 空中 法 警 and deputized by the美國 國土 安全 部 . Their primary goal is to work with (or without) the FAM team to defend the flight deck from hijacking or any other terrorist threats to their aircraft. - Transportation Security Inspectors (TSIs): They inspect, and investigate passenger and cargo transportation systems to see how secure they are. TSA employs roughly 1,000 aviation inspectors, 450 cargo inspectors,[34]and 100 surface inspectors.[18]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tsa_viper_csg1.jpg/170px-Tsa_viper_csg1.jpg)
国家 爆 炸物检测犬 团队项目:These trainers prepare dogs and handlers to serve as mobile teams that can quickly find dangerous materials. 截至June 2008年 [update], the TSA had trained about 430 canine teams, with 370 deployed to airports and 56 deployed to mass transit systems.[35]可 视化联合预防和 响应(VIPR)团队:VIPR teams started in 2005 and involved Federal Air Marshals and other TSA crew working outside of the airport environment, at train stations, ports, truck weigh stations, special events, and other places. There has been some controversy and congressional criticism for problems such as the July 3, 2007 holiday screenings. In 2011,美 鐵 police chief John O'Connor moved to temporarily ban VIPR teams from Amtrak property. As of 2011, VIPR team operations were being conducted at a rate of 8,000 per year.[36]
制服
[编辑]2008
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TSO_Shoulder_Boards.jpg/129px-TSO_Shoulder_Boards.jpg)
2013年 洛 杉 矶机场枪击案
[编辑]2013
2015年 新奥 尔良机 场遭袭案
[编辑]2015
资金
[编辑]2012财年,TSA
预算[41] | Share[ | |
---|---|---|
5,254 | 70% | |
运输 |
1,032 | 14% |
联邦 |
966 | 13% |
运输 |
165 | 2% |
135 | 2% | |
总计 | 7,552 | 100% |
TSA
筛查流 程 和 法 规
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Transportation_Security_Administration_officer_screening_a_bag.jpg/220px-Transportation_Security_Administration_officer_screening_a_bag.jpg)
乘客 与 随身 物品 检查
[编辑]身 份要求
[编辑]TSA
2013
2013
禁止 大型 打 印 机 墨 盒
[编辑]2010年 11月加 强 筛查程 序
[编辑]从2010
搜 身
[编辑]全身 扫描仪
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mmw_large.jpg/160px-Mmw_large.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Backscatter_large.jpg/160px-Backscatter_large.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tech_backscatter.jpg/160px-Tech_backscatter.jpg)
2010
TSA
With regards to exposure to 辐射 emitted by backscatter X-rays, and there are fears that people will be exposed to a "dangerous level of radiation if they get backscattered too often" A petition by both scientists and pilots argue that the screening machines are safe.[105]Ionizing radiation is considered a non-threshold 致癌
反 向 筛查
[编辑]2016
反 应
[编辑]2010
2011
2010
Two separate Internet campaigns promoted a “National Opt-Out Day,” the day before
2017年 3月 电子设备限 令
[编辑]2017
托 运行李
[编辑]行李 锁
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lol_key_escrow.jpg/220px-Lol_key_escrow.jpg)
为能检查
2014
行李 盗 窃
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tsa_notice_of_baggage_inspection.jpg/150px-Tsa_notice_of_baggage_inspection.jpg)
TSA
截至2011
2008
2012
TSA也因为没
筛查效果
[编辑]TSA调查办公
A report by the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General found that TSA officials had collaborated with Covenant Aviation Security (CAS) at
A report on undercover operations conducted in October 2006 at
In July 2007, the Times Union of
In December 2010, ABC News Houston reported in an article about a man who accidentally took a forgotten gun through airport security, that "the failure rate approaches 70 percent at some major airports".[53]
In June 2011 TSA fired 36 screeners at the Honolulu airport for regularly allowing bags through without being inspected.[160]
In May 2012, a report from the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General stated that the TSA "does not have a complete understanding" of breaches at the nation's airports, with some hubs doing very little to fix or report security breaches. These findings will be presented to Congress.[161]
A 2015 investigation by the Homeland Security Inspector General revealed that undercover investigators were able to smuggle banned items through checkpoints in 95% of their attempts.[162]
Rep.
Some measures employed by the TSA have been accused of being ineffective and fostering a false sense of safety.[164][165]This led security expert
2002年 筛查增强 的 意外 后 果
[编辑]2007
数 据 安全 事件
[编辑]雇 员记录丢失 或 被 窃
[编辑]TSA总部于2007
非 安全 网站
[编辑]
2007
Desyne
和 旅行 者 赔偿网站的 技 术负责人都 没 有 因 为他们在部署 不安 全的 网站方面 的 作用 而受到 TSA的 制裁 。TSA 继续向 Desyne支 付 费用,以托管 和 维护两个主要 的 网络信 息 系 统。TSA没 有 采 取 任 何 措施来 惩戒技 术负责人,他 仍然在 TSA担任 高 级项目 管理 职务。[178]
2009
真 实身份与空中 旅行
[编辑]强制 施行 日 期
[编辑]当 前 接受 的 身 份证件
[编辑]- 驾驶执照、
增强 型 驾驶执照,或 其他由 机 动车辆部门(或 同等 机 构)签发的 符合 真 实身份法案 (REAL ID)要求 的 有 照 片身 份证 美国 护照美国 护照卡- DHS
可 信 赖旅行 卡(全 球 入 境 、芳 邻卡、SENTRI、FAST) 美 军身份卡(现役或 退役 军人及其家 属 ,以及美国 国防 部 平民 )美国 永久 居 民 证- 过境卡
国土 安全 部 指定 的 增强 型 驾驶执照航空 公司 或 机 场签发的证件(根 据 TSA批准 的 安全 计划签发)- 联邦认可
的 部落 签发的 有 照 片身 份证 - HSPD-12 PIV卡
外国 政府 签发的 护照加 拿大省 级驾驶执照 ,或 印 第 安和 北 美事 务卡- 运输
工 人身 份证明 (TWIC) 美国 商船 水 手 证美国 公民 及移民 服 务局就业授权卡(I-766)[182]
其他批评
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/ITSA_insignia_pin_ntegrity.jpg/180px-ITSA_insignia_pin_ntegrity.jpg)
对该
TSA
还有
TSA也被
2013
2013
2013
2014
2016
公 众意见
[编辑]CBS于2010
呼 吁废除
[编辑]TSA
参 见
[编辑]- 2013
年 洛 杉 磯 國際 機 場 槍 擊 案 - Airline complaints
- Border Force(
英國 邊境 管理 局 的 两个继任机 构之一 ,另一个是英国 签证和 移民 局 ) 加 拿大航空 运输安全 局 国 际民用 航空 组织
参考 资料
[编辑]- ^ THOMAS. Thomas.loc.gov. [2012-01-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-07-04). - ^ THOMAS. Thomas.loc.gov. [2012-01-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-07-03). - ^ 49 USC § 114(d)
- ^ Sernovitz, Daniel J. At long last, GSA picks a new headquarters site for the TSA. Washington Business Journal. 2017-08-24 [2017-08-25]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-09-18). - ^ Remarks at 2018 Sept. 11 Commemoration | Transportation Security Administration. www.tsa.gov. [2022-07-24]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-07-19). - ^ Senate confirms Admiral Stone as Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for TSA (
新 闻稿). Washington, D.C.: Transportation Security Administration. 2004-07-23 [2017-02-09]. (原始 内容 存 档于2018-03-06). - ^ TSA Suspends 30-Minute Rule for Reagan National Airport. Transportation Security Administration. 2005-07-14 [2017-02-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-09-23). - ^ Becker, Andrew. TSA official responsible for security lapses earned big bonuses. Reveal. Center for Investigative Reporting. 2016-02-09 [2017-02-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-02). - ^ Statement By Secretary Jeh C. Johnson On The Transportation Security Administration (
新 闻稿).美國 國土 安全 部 . 2015-06-01 [2017-02-09]. (原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-20). - ^ Statement By Secretary Jeh C. Johnson On Inspector General Findings On TSA Security Screening (
新 闻稿).美國 國土 安全 部 . 2015-06-01 [2017-02-09]. (原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-13). - ^ Statement By Secretary Jeh C. Johnson On The Transportation Security Administration (
新 闻稿).美國 國土 安全 部 . 2015-06-01 [2017-02-09]. (原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-20). - ^ Department Organizational Chart (PDF). dhs.gov. Department of Homeland Security. 2017-02-01 [2017-02-21]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2017-02-12). - ^
存 档副本 . [2018-03-29]. (原始 内容 存 档于2017-10-12). - ^ Landy, Frank J.; Conte, Jeffery M. Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Wiley; 4 edition. 2012-12-26: 263. ISBN 9781118291207.
- ^ TSA Jobs 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2015-08-07. - ^ Greg fulton. An Airport Screener's Complaint. Time.com. 2006-08-17 [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-08-23). - ^ TSA Announces Private Security Screening Pilot Program, TSA press release June 18, 2002 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2005-09-04. - ^ 18.0 18.1 TSA's Administration Coordination of Mass Transit Security Programs (PDF). [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2010-05-28). - ^ GAO-08-456T Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration Has Strengthened Planning to Guide Investments in Key Aviation Security Programs, but More Work Remains (PDF). [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2020-12-04). - ^ TSA needs screeners at PDX. Portlandtribune.com. [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-12-25). - ^ Ahlers, Mike M. Bill would strip TSA officers of badges in reaction to alleged strip searches. CNN. 2011-12-09 [2013-04-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-11-02). - ^ 22.0 22.1 Transportation Security Officer (TSO). USAJOBS. [2016-11-15]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-11-15). - ^ Archived copy. [2014-09-18]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-09-27). - ^ USAJOBS – Search Jobs. Jobsearch.usajobs.opm.gov. [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-04-24). - ^ Tampabay: U.S. airports ponder a surplus of security. Tampa Bay Times. 2002-12-22 [2012-01-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-03-04).参 数 |newspaper=
与 模 板 {{cite web}}
不 匹 配 (建 议改用 {{cite news}}
或 |website=
) (帮助) - ^ Exclusive: TSA’s Secret Behavior Checklist to Spot Terrorists. The Intercept. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-05-06). - ^ Schmidt, Michael S.; Eric Lichtblau. Racial Profiling Rife at Airport, U.S. Officers Say. The New York Times. 2012-08-12: 1 [2013-04-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-10). - ^ Report: Newark TSA screeners targeted Mexicans. CBS
新聞 . 2011-06-12 [2013-04-06]. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-11-04). - ^ Zureik, Elia; Lyon, David; Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine: Population, Territory and Power. Taylor & Francis. 2010-12-13: 379– [2013-04-06]. ISBN 9780203845967. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-07-07). - ^ Tierney, John. At Airports, a Misplaced Faith in Body Language. The New York Times. 2014-03-23 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-10). - ^ Weinberger, Sharon. Intent to Deceive? (PDF). Nature. 2010-05-27, 465: 412–415 [2015-03-18]. doi:10.1038/465412a. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2021-02-27). - ^ 32.0 32.1 Grinberg, Emanuella. Federal air marshals back in spotlight after attempted plane bombing. CNN. 2009-12-30 [2013-04-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-11-25). - ^ Grabell, Michael. History of the Federal Air Marshal Service. Pro Publica. 2008-11-13 [2013-04-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-13). - ^ GAO-08-959T Aviation Security: Transportation Security Administration May Face Resource and Other Challenges in Developing a System to Screen All Cargo Transported on Passenger Aircraft (PDF). [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2021-01-26). - ^ GAO-08-933R TSA's Explosives Detection Canine Program: Status of Increasing Number of Explosives Detection Canine Teams (PDF). [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2020-12-04). - ^ Please see Visual Intermodal Prevention and Response article for references
- ^ TSA Management Directive No. 1100.73-2 – TSO Dress and Appearance Responsibilities Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Frank, Thomas. TSA's new policelike badges a sore point with real cops.
今日 美國 . 2008-06-16 [2013-04-06]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-07-07). - ^ Bennett, Brian; Winton, Richard; Gold, Scott. LAX shooting: Slain TSA Officer identified as Gerardo I. Hernandez. LA Times. 2013-11-01 [2013-11-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-11-06). - ^ New Orleans airport machete suspect is dead. USA Today. 2015-03-21 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-07-07). - ^
美国 国会 . CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2012 (PDF). United States Government Printing Office. 2011-12-23 [2013-04-07]. (原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2012-07-10). - ^ TSA Fee Would Double Under New Proposal. Newsmax. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-03). - ^ Josh Hicks. Travelers leave $500,000 per year at TSA checkpoints. Washington Post. 2013-11-19 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-09-10). - ^ At TSA, loose change is real money 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2015-01-07. - ^ Acceptable IDs. tsa.gov. Transportation Security Administration. 2013-08-26 [2013-11-05]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-07-10). - ^ No-fly list doubles in a year – now 21,000 names. CBS
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原始 内容 存 档于2008-06-15). - ^ TSA Officers Hassle Female Passenger with Toddler at Reagan National Airport over Sippy Cup?. Myth Busters. Transportation Security Administration. 2007-06-17 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-07-05). - ^ Keith Olbermann (host), Andrew Thomas (guest), Monica Emmerson (seen in CCTV clip/s and photos). Olbermann covers *The sippy-cup terrorist* – "Countdown w/ Keith Olbermann" (Television production). MSNBC via YouTube. 2007-06-18 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-07-07). - ^ Teen Says TSA Screener Opened Sterile Equipment, Put Life In Danger. Orlando, Fla.: WFTV.com. 2008-03-06 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-09-29). - ^ Reed, Keith. US eases patdown policy for air travelers. The Boston Globe. 2004-12-23 [2008-08-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-12-30). - ^ Plan to snoop on fliers takes intrusion to new heights. Editorial/Opinion (
今日 美國 ). 2003-03-11 [2008-08-03]. (原始 内容 存 档于2011-08-05). - ^ Phoenix airport to test X-ray screening. USA Today. Associated Press. 2006-12-01 [2008-08-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-05-22). - ^ Ritchie, Jim. TSA officials being probed. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. 2005-04-29 [2008-10-08]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-10-13). - ^ Pilots and passengers rail at new airport patdowns. Yahoo!. [2010-11-19]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2010-11-14). - ^ Passenger forced to remove nipple ring with pliers. Brisbane Times. 2008-03-28 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-10-10). - ^
存 档副本 . [2018-03-29]. (原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-11). - ^ Scott McCartney. Is Tougher Airport Screening Going Too Far?. Wall Street Journal. 2009-07-16 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-27). - ^ Jamieson, Bob. TSA Under Fire for Rising Theft by Baggage Screeners. ABC
新聞 . 2004-11-19 [2008-08-02]. (原始 内容 存 档于2008-06-14). - ^ 3 ex-TSA workers plead guilty to theft.
西 雅 图邮讯报. 2005-09-24 [2008-08-02]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-10-23). - ^ TSA Baggage Screeners Exposed. CBS
晚 間 新聞 . 2004-09-13 [2008-08-02]. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-03-30). - ^ Goo, Sara Kehaulani. TSA Under Pressure To Stop Baggage Theft. Washington Post. 2003-06-29: A01 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-05-09). (Registration required). Full text here. 互联网档案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2008-08-09. - ^ TMJ4 staff. TSA Screener Arrested. Milwaukee: WTMJ-TV. 2006-10-14. (
原始 内容 存 档于2006-11-04). - ^ 10News Exclusive: Are TSA Employees Stealing?. 10News (San Diego, California: KGTV). 2007-02-07 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-09-20). - ^ Elliott, Christopher. Tips to ensure the TSA doesn't swipe your stuff. MSNBC. 2008-04-21 [2008-08-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-11-05). - ^ Kerr, Keoki. Some TSA HNL Employees Escape Firing In Baggage Scanda. KITV Honolulu. 2011-09-16. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-09-09). - ^ Miller, Leslie. Lavish party spurs criticism of agency. Deseret News. 2004-10-13 [2008-08-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-10). - ^ Peterson, Barbara S. Inside Job: My Life as an Airport Screener. Condé Nast Traveler. March 2007 [2008-08-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008年 6月 20日 ). - ^ Poole, Robert (2010-04-13) Get the Government Out of Airport Screening: The TSA's conflicts of interest prevent better, cheaper security 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2016-07-12., Reason - ^ TSA Helps Secure Inauguration. Transportation Security Administration. 2009-01-21 [2009-01-22]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-05-10). - ^ Constable, Pamela. And Then We Knew It Was Too Late. Washington Post. 2009-01-20 [2009-01-22]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-11-14). - ^ Dozens Of TSA Employees Fired, Suspended For Illegal Gambling Ring At Pittsburgh Int’l Airport. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-01-26). - ^ Eight TSA Workers Arrested in Dallas in Stolen Parking Pass Scam. Newsmax. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-03). - ^ Michael Pearson. Ed Payne and Rene Marsh, CNN. Government report: TSA employee misconduct up 26% in 3 years - CNN.com. CNN. 2013-07-31 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-03-24). - ^ Ashley Halsey III. GAO says there is no evidence that a TSA program to spot terrorists is effective. Washington Post. 2013-11-13 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-26). - ^ Mike M. Ahlers and Rene Marsh, CNN. Audit shows highly paid TSA investigators perform lesser tasks. CNN. 2013-10-25 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-11-26). - ^ Kasperowicz, Pete. House to push tech reform at TSA. The Hill. 2013-12-02 [2013-12-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-11-27). - ^ Bipartisan Legislation Introduced to Reform TSA's Acquisition Process. Committee on Homeland Security of the US House of Representatives. [2013-12-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-08-02). - ^ 219.0 219.1 Richards, Anne L. Transportation Security Administration Logistics Center - Inventory Management (PDF). Office of Inspector General - Department of Homeland Security. 2013-04-26 [2013-12-04]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2021-03-23). - ^ 'New TSA in town,' agency says in response to screener's charges. NBC News. [2013-12-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-09-18). - ^ Interview on The Late, Late Show with James Corden. CBS Corporation. May 3, 2016.
- ^ Poll: 4 in 5 Support Full-Body Airport Scanners CBS News, November 15, 2010.
- ^ Nate Silver, New Poll Suggests Shift in Public Views on T.S.A. Procedures 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2016-05-21., 纽约时报, November 22, 2010. - ^ Poll finds 61% oppose new airport security measures 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2016-08-06.,洛 杉 磯 時報 , November 23, 2010. - ^ Martin, Hugo. Many frequent travelers say TSA is doing poor job.
洛 杉 磯 時報 . 2012-09-11 [2013-04-07]. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-06-28). - ^ Rand Paul's TSA fix: Pull the plug. POLITICO. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-06-27). - ^ Guy Who Created The TSA Says It's Failed, And It's Time To Dismantle It. Techdirt. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-20). - ^ Privatizing the Transportation Security Administration. Cato Institute. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-26). - ^ Abolish the TSA. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-07-30). - ^ Top 10 Reasons to Abolish the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-08). - ^ Art Carden. Full Frontal Nudity Doesn't Make Us Safer: Abolish the TSA. Forbes. 2010-11-14 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-03-25). - ^ Chris Edwards. Congress should abolish the TSA -- it's time to privatize airport screening. Fox News. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-04-21). - ^ Veronique de Rugy. National Review Online. National Review Online. 2013-12-03 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-08-02). - ^ Abolish the TSA: Column. USA TODAY. 2013-12-02 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-02-25). - ^ Dylan Matthews. The case for abolishing the TSA. Vox. 2014-05-26 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-11-14). - ^ Charles Hoskinson. Abolish the TSA. Washington Examiner. [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-03-30). - ^ CJ Ciaramella. Abolish the TSA. Washington Post. 2015-04-16 [2018-03-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-01-26). - ^ Mann, Charles C. Does Airport Security Really Make Us Safer?. Vanity Fair (New York, NY:
康 泰 纳仕). 2011-12-20 [2015-04-20]. (原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-06). - ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2015-04-20]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2016年 9月 7日 ).
外部 链接
[编辑]官 方 网站- Transportation Security Administration (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)于聯邦 公報 - Screening Management Standard Operating Procedures (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)
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