阿 道夫 ·希 特 勒之死
1945 | |
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1945 | |
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1945
苏联红军
苏联还在
背景 [编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Battle_of_Berlin_1945-a.png/220px-Battle_of_Berlin_1945-a.png)
1945
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-E0406-0022-012%2C_Sowjetische_Artillerie_vor_Berlin.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-E0406-0022-012%2C_Sowjetische_Artillerie_vor_Berlin.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Reichskanzlei-Fuehrerbunker_-_zh.svg/220px-Reichskanzlei-Fuehrerbunker_-_zh.svg.png)
1945
4
此时,苏联红军
4
飲 彈 自 戕[编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F051673-0059%2C_Adolf_Hitler_und_Eva_Braun_auf_dem_Berghof.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reichskanzlei.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-V04744%2C_Berlin%2C_Garten_der_zerst%C3%B6rte_Reichskanzlei.jpg)
后 续[编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/220px-1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg)
红色
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg)
5月1
5月2
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hitlerwithoutmoustache0002.jpg/220px-Hitlerwithoutmoustache0002.jpg)
对希
关于
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3%BChrerbunker.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-M1204-319%2C_Berlin%2C_Reichskanzlei%2C_gesprengter_F%C3%BChrerbunker.jpg)
1970
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Adolf_Sch%C3%BCttelmayor.png/170px-Adolf_Sch%C3%BCttelmayor.png)
1946
2018
参 见[编辑]
- 《
帝国 的 毁灭》(2004年 电影,以希特 勒死前 的 最 后 时日为题材 ) 元首 總 部 墨 索 里 尼 之 死 德 意志 皇帝 威 廉 二 世 退位
脚注 [编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Fischer 2008,
第 47頁 : "... Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ... sat ... sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65." - ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 955頁 : "... Blood dripped from a bullet hole in his right temple ..." - ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 MI5 staff 2011: "...30 April ... During the afternoon Hitler shot himself..." "In the small hours of 28-29 April Hitler dictated his will, in the form of a political and personal testament, to Gertrud 'Traudl' Junge... Soon afterwards Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun were married."
- ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 956頁 . - ^ Horrabin 1946, Vol. X,
第 51頁 . - ^ 6.0 6.1 Horrabin 1946, Vol. X,
第 53頁 . - ^ Horrabin 1946, Vol. X,
第 43頁 . - ^ Bellamy 2007,
第 648頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 139頁 . - ^ Shirer 1960,
第 1105頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 209–217頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 255–256, 262頁 . - ^ Erickson 1983,
第 586頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 275頁 . - ^ O'Donnell 2001,
第 230, 323頁 . - ^ Shirer 1960,
第 1116頁 . - ^ 17.0 17.1 Beevor 2002,
第 289頁 : "Göring ... then drafted the text which was transmitted to Berlin that night. ... It cannot have been hard for Bormann to have roused Hitler's suspicions." - ^ Shirer 1960,
第 1118頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 323頁 . - ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 943–946頁 . - ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 946–947頁 . - ^ Shirer 1960,
第 1194頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 343頁 . - ^ Shirer 1960,
第 1131頁 . - ^ 25.0 25.1 Kershaw 2008,
第 951–952頁 . - ^ 26.0 26.1 Erickson 1983,
第 603–604頁 . - ^ 27.0 27.1 Beevor 2002,
第 358頁 : "... Hitler shook hands with his closest associates in a distant manner, then left them. ..." - ^ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 Linge 2009,
第 199頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 160–182頁 . - ^ 30.0 30.1 Rosenberg 2009.
- ^ Beevor 2002,
第 359頁 : "... her lips puckered from the poison." - ^ Fischer 2008,
第 47–48頁 . - ^ 33.0 33.1 Linge 2009,
第 200頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 197, 198頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 162頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 162, 175頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 210–211頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 211頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 217–220頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 381頁 : "Hamburg radio station warned the German people that a grave and important announcement was about to be made. Suitably funereal music from Wagner and Bruckner's Seventh Symphony was played ... Grand Admiral Dönitz ... stated that Hitler had fallen, ... and announced his succession." - ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 959頁 . - ^ Kershaw 2008,
第 961–963頁 . - ^ 43.0 43.1 Erwin Wickert, German Embassy during the War: Testimony of a Diplomat in Japan, Translated by Machiko Sato, Chuokoron-sha, February 1998.ISBN 4120027457 .
- ^ “ Hitler's death --later Russian disclosures ”. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013 . Retrieved March 9, 2019
- ^ Beevor 2002,
第 367頁 . - ^ Eberle & Uhl 2005,
第 280頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 368頁 . - ^ Eberle & Uhl 2005,
第 280, 281頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 380, 381頁 : "Madga Goebbels ... opened the mouths of the sleeping children, put an ampoule of poison between their teeth and forced their jaws together. ... Joseph and Magda Goebbels ... crunched on glass cyanide ampoules and either they shot themselves with the pistols at the same moment ... or else Schwaegermann shot both of them ..." - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 387, 388頁 . - ^ Beevor 2002,
第 387頁 : "General Krebs and General Burgdorf ... had drawn their Luger pistols and blown their brains out." - ^ Kershaw 2001,
第 1038–1039頁 . - ^ Dolezal 2004,
第 185–186頁 . - ^ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Kershaw 2008,
第 958頁 . - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 225頁 : "... the only thing to remain of Hitler was a gold bridge with porcelain facets from his upper jaw and the lower jawbone with some teeth and two bridges." - ^ 56.0 56.1 Eberle & Uhl 2005,
第 282頁 . - ^ 57.0 57.1 Vinogradov et al. 2005,
第 333頁 . - ^ 58.0 58.1 Halpin & Boyes 2009.
- ^ 59.0 59.1 Eberle & Uhl 2005,
第 288頁 : "... New versions of Hitler's fate were presented by the Soviet Union according to the political needs of the moment ..." - ^ MI5 staff 2011: "...30 April ... During the afternoon Hitler shot himself..." "In the small hours of 28-29 April Hitler dictated his will, in the form of a political and personal testament, to Gertrud 'Traudl' Junge... Soon afterwards Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun were married."
- ^ Callan 2010.
- ^ Petrova & Watson 1995,
第 162頁 . - ^ Erickson 1983,
第 606頁 : "... both committing suicide by biting their cyanide ampoules." - ^ 64.0 64.1 O'Donnell 2001,
第 322–323頁 : "... we have a fair answer ... to the version of ... Russian author Lev Bezymenski ... Hitler did shoot himself and did bite into the cyanide capsule, just as Professor Haase had clearly and repeatedly instructed ... " - ^ Kershaw 2001,
第 1037頁 : "The intentionally misleading account of Hitler's death by cyanide poisoning put about by Soviet historians ... can be dismissed." - ^ Fest 1974,
第 749頁 : "... most Soviet accounts have held that Hitler also [Hitler and Eva Braun] ended his life by poison ... there are contradictions in the Soviet story ... these contradictions tend to indicate that the Soviet version of Hitler's suicide has a political colouration." - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 157頁 : "Axmann elaborated on his testimony when questioned about his "assumption" that Hitler had shot himself through the mouth." - ^ Joachimsthaler 1999,
第 166頁 : "... the version involving a 'shot in the mouth' with secondary injuries to the temples must be rejected ... the majority of witnesses saw an entry wound in the temple... according to all witnesses there was no injury to the back of the head." - ^ Vinogradov et al. 2005,
第 335–336頁 . - ^ 70.0 70.1 Beevor 2002,
第 431頁 : "In 1970 the Kremlin finally disposed of the body in absolute secrecy ... body ... was exhumed and burned." "Hitler's jaws ... had been retained by SMERSH, while the NKVD kept the cranium. These remnants were recently rediscovered in the former Soviet archives. The rest of the body ... was exhumed ... and burned. The ashes were flushed into the town [Magdeberg] sewage system." - ^ Magness, Josh. Did Hitler escape Germany for Colombia, South America? Memos from JFK files show CIA considered it. Miami Herald. October 31, 2017 [July 18, 2019]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-10-31) (英 语). - ^ Isachenkov 1993.
- ^ CNN staff 2009.
- ^ Goñi 2009.
- ^ CIA Chief of Station, Caracas, HVCA-2592 (PDF), CIA, 3 October 1955 [6 September 2018], (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2017-02-11) (英 语) - ^ CIA staff, Advanced Search: Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA FOIA, 2013 [17 July 2019], (
原始 内容 存 档于8 January 2019) (英 语) - ^ US Federal Bureau of Investigation. Adolf Hitler. FBI Records: The Vault. 10 April 2011 [8 January 2019].
原始 内容 存 档于2011-04-10 (英 语). - ^ Anderson, John. One Industry That Capitalizes on America's Hitler Fascination. Fortune. 10 November 2015 [19 September 2018]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-11-14) (英 语). - ^ Charlier et al. 2018.
- ^ AFP 2018.
- ^ Selk 2018.
参考 资料[编辑]
- Bellamy, Chris. Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War. New York: Alfred F. Knopf. 2007. ISBN 978-0-375-41086-4.
- Beevor, Antony. Berlin – The Downfall 1945. New York: Viking-Penguin. 2002. ISBN 978-0-670-03041-5.
- CNN staff. Russians insist skull fragment is Hitler's. CNN. 2009-12-11 [2015-08-31]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-05). - Dolezal, Robert. Truth about History: How New Evidence Is Transforming the Story of the Past. Pleasantville, NY: Readers Digest. 2004: 185–6. ISBN 0-7621-0523-2.
- Eberle, Henrik; Uhl, Matthias (编). The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Hitler's Personal Aides. New York: Public Affairs. 2005. ISBN 978-1-58648-366-1.
- Erickson, John. The Road to Berlin: Stalin's War with Germany: Volume 2. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1983. ISBN 978-0-297-77238-5.
- Fest, Joachim C. Hitler. New York: Harcourt. 1974. ISBN 978-0-15-141650-9.
- Fischer, Thomas. Soldiers of the Leibstandarte. Winnipeg: J.J. Fedorowicz. 2008. ISBN 978-0-921991-91-5.
- Goñi, Uki. Tests on skull fragment cast doubt on Adolf Hitler suicide story. The Guardian (London). 2009-09-27 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-11). - Halpin, Tony; Boyes, Roger. Battle of Hitler's skull prompts Russia to reveal all. The Times. 2009-12-09 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2011-06-29). - Horrabin, J.F. Vol. X: May 1944 – August 1945. An Atlas-History of the Second Great War. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons. 1946. OCLC 464378076.
- Isachenkov, Vladimir. Russians say they have bones from Hitler's skull. Gadsen Times. Associated Press. 1993-02-20 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-08). - Joachimsthaler, Anton. The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth. London: Brockhampton Press. 1999 [1995]. ISBN 978-1-86019-902-8.
- Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis 2. London: Penguin. 2001 [2000]. ISBN 978-0-14-027239-0.
- Kershaw, Ian. Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 2008. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.
- Linge, Heinz. With Hitler to the End. Frontline Books–Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-1-60239-804-7.
- MI5 staff. Hitler's last days. Her Majesty's Security Service website. 2011 [2015-08-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-07-04). - O'Donnell, James P. The Bunker. New York: Da Capo Press. 2001 [1978]. ISBN 978-0-306-80958-3.
- Petrova, Ada; Watson, Peter. The Death of Hitler: The Full Story with New Evidence from Secret Russian Archives. W.W. Norton & Company. 1995. ISBN 978-0-393-03914-6.
- Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1960. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.
- Rosenberg, Steven. I was in Hitler's suicide bunker. BBC News. 2009-09-03 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-09-03). - Callan, Paul. Historian who hunted Hitler across the world. Daily Express. 2010-07-10 [2015-08-31]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-05). - Vinogradov, V. K.; Pogonyi, J.F.; Teptzov, N.V. Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB. London: Chaucer Press. 2005. ISBN 978-1-904449-13-3.
- Charlier, P.; Weil, R.; Rainsard, P.; Poupon, J.; Brisard, J.C. The remains of Adolf Hitler: A biomedical analysis and definitive identification. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018-05 [2018-05-21]. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.014. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-07-13). - Hitler definitely died in 1945 according to new study of his teeth. AFP. 2018-05-19 [2018-05-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-05-24). - Selk, Avi. Scientists say Hitler died in WWII. Tell that to 'Adolf Schüttelmayor' and the Nazi moon base.. Washington Post. 2018-05-20 [2018-05-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-08-19).
延伸 阅读[编辑]
- 书籍
- Bullock, Alan. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Penguin Books. 1962. ISBN 978-0-14-013564-0.
- Fest, Joachim. Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2004. ISBN 978-0-374-13577-5.
- Galante, Pierre; Silianoff, Eugene. Voices From the Bunker. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1989. ISBN 978-0-3991-3404-3.
- Gardner, Dave. The Last of the Hitlers: The story of Adolf Hitler's British Nephew and the Amazing Pact to Make Sure his Genes Die Out. Worcester, UK: BMM. 2001. ISBN 978-0-9541544-0-0.
- Lehmann, Armin D. In Hitler's Bunker: A Boy Soldier's Eyewitness Account of the Führer's Last Days. Guilford, CT: Lyon's Press. 2004. ISBN 978-1-59228-578-5.
- Rzhevskaya, Elena. Берлин, май 1945. Записки военного переводчика [Berlin 1945: Memoirs of a Wartime Interpreter]. 1965.
- Ryan, Cornelius. The Last Battle. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1966. OCLC 711509.
- Trevor-Roper, Hugh. The Last Days of Hitler. Chicago: University of Chicago Press]. 1992 [1947]. ISBN 978-0-226-81224-3.
- Waite, Robert G. L. The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. New York: DaCapo Press. 1993 [1977]. ISBN 978-0-306-80514-1.
文章
- BBC staff. Russia displays 'Hitler skull fragment'. BBC. 2000-04-26 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-07-17). - CNN staff. Official: KGB chief ordered Hitler's remains destroyed. CNN. 2009-12-11 [2015-09-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-03-05).
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