艦かん

See also: 舰

艦かん U+8266, 艦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8266 ← 艥 [U+8265] CJK Unified Ideographs 艧 → [U+8267]

Translingual

Han character

艦かん (Kangxi radical 137, 舟ふね+14 in Chinese, 舟ふね+15 in Japanese, 20 strokes in Chinese, 21 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹たけ卜ぼく尸しかばね戈ほこ廿にじゅう (HYSIT) or 竹たけ卜ぼく尸しかばね一いち廿にじゅう (HYSMT), four-corner 2841₇, composition ⿰舟ふね監かん)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
• Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8266

Chinese

trad.		艦かん
simp.		舰*
nonstandard simp.		𮶙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監かん) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍あい	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽らん	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜ともづな	*ɡ·raːms
監かん	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑かん	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦かん	*ɡraːmʔ
檻おり	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽しお	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟ふね + phonetic 監かん (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology

"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻おり (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.

This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑かん (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻おり (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): gan⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gam⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): jie³
• Northern Min (KCR): ka̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): kāng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lām / hām / kàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lam²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jian⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laam⁶
    • Yale: laahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jie³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ka̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lām
    • Tâi-lô: lām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lam
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
    • Tâi-lô: hām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ham
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khe
    • MiniDict: khe^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰe³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: haemX

Rime
Character	艦かん
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	匣くしげ (33)
Final (韻いん)	銜 (149)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	胡えびす黤切きり
Baxter	haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠamX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚamX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣamX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣamX/
Wang Li	/ɣamX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣamX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艦かん
Reading #	1/1
No.	6109
Phonetic component	監かん
Rime group	談だん
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	檻おり
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/
Notes	見み釋しゃく名な

Definitions

艦かん

1. warship

Compounds

• 主力しゅりょく艦かん／主力しゅりょく舰 (zhǔlìjiàn)
• 兵へい艦かん／兵へい舰 (bīngjiàn)
• 戰艦せんかん／战舰 (zhànjiàn)
• 旗艦きかん／旗はた舰 (qíjiàn)
• 母艦ぼかん／母はは舰 (mǔjiàn)
• 炮艦／炮舰 (pàojiàn)
• 無敵むてき艦隊かんたい／无敌舰队
• 第だい七なな艦隊かんたい／第だい七なな舰队
• 義勇ぎゆう艦隊かんたい／义勇舰队
• 航空こうくう母艦ぼかん／航空こうくう母はは舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)
• 船艦せんかん／船ふね舰
• 艦橋かんきょう／舰桥
• 艦かん炮／舰炮
• 艦艇かんてい／舰艇 (jiàntǐng)
• 艦長かんちょう／舰长 (jiànzhǎng)
• 艦隊かんたい／舰队 (jiànduì)
• 艦かん隻せき／舰只 (jiànzhī)
• 護衛ごえい艦かん／护卫舰 (hùwèijiàn)
• 軍艦ぐんかん／军舰 (jūnjiàn)
• 軍艦ぐんかん鳥とり／军舰鸟
• 巡洋艦じゅんようかん／巡めぐ洋よう舰 (xúnyángjiàn)
• 巡めぐ防ぼう艦かん／巡めぐ防ぼう舰 (xúnfángjiàn)
• 驅か潛せん艦かん／驱潜舰
• 驅逐くちく艦かん／驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn)
• 鬥艦／斗と舰

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (艦かん):

• → Japanese: 艦かん(かん) (kan)
• → Korean: 함(艦かん) (ham)
• → Vietnamese: hạm (艦かん)

References

• “艦かん”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

艦かん

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: いくさぶね (ikusabune, 艦かん)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
艦かん
かん Grade: S
on'yomi

• (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

艦かん(かん) • (kan) 

1. warship

Synonyms

• 軍艦ぐんかん(ぐんかん) (gunkan)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 母艦ぼかん(ぼかん) (bokan): mothership
• 航空こうくう母艦ぼかん(こうくうぼかん) (kōkū bokan): aircraft carrier

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 艦かん (MC haemX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅘᅡᆷ〯 (Yale: hhǎm)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	ᄇᆡ〮 (Yale: póy)	함〯 (Yale: hǎm)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [함(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

艦かん (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))

1. hanja form^? of 함 (“warship”) [noun]

Compounds

Compounds

• 함교 (艦橋かんきょう, hamgyo)
• 함대 (艦隊かんたい, hamdae)
• 함렬 (艦かん列れつ, hamnyeol)
• 함미 (艦かん尾お, hammi)
• 함선 (艦船かんせん, hamseon)
• 함장 (艦長かんちょう, hamjang)
• 함정 (艦艇かんてい, hamjeong)
• 함포 (艦かん砲ほう, hampo)
• 군함 (軍艦ぐんかん, gunham)
• 모함 (母艦ぼかん, moham)
• 전함 (戰艦せんかん, jeonham)
• 잠수함 (潛水せんすい艦かん, jamsuham)
• 쇄빙함 (碎氷さいひょう艦かん, swaebingham)
• 항공모함 (航空こうくう母艦ぼかん, hanggongmoham)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

艦かん: Hán Nôm readings: hạm

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