藍
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Translingual
editHan character
editDerived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
- Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
- Unihan data for U+85CD
Chinese
edittrad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 蓝 | |
2nd round simp. | 兰 |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
*ɡ·raːm | |
襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
*ɡ·raːmʔ | |
爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
*ɡ·raːms | |
*kraːm, *kraːms | |
礛 | *kraːm |
*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms | |
*ɡraːmʔ | |
*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms | |
壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лан (lan, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lan4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lan1
- Northern Min (KCR): lâng
- Eastern Min (BUC): làng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6le
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lán
- Wade–Giles: lan2
- Yale: lán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
- Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /län³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
- Sinological IPA (key): /nan²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лан (lan, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /læ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laam4
- Yale: làahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: laam4
- Guangdong Romanization: lam4
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lam²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lan³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làm
- Hakka Romanization System: lamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lam2
- Sinological IPA: /lam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /læ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: làng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃aŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- nâ - vernacular (incl. surname);
- lâm - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lam5 / nam5 / nang5 / na5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm / nâm / nâng / nâ
- Sinological IPA (key): /lam⁵⁵/, /nam⁵⁵/, /naŋ⁵⁵/, /na⁵⁵/
- lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
- nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
- nang5 - Chenghai;
- na5 - surname.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /lan³⁵/ |
Harbin | /lan²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /lan⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /lã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /lã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /lan⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /lã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /lã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /lan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /lan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nan²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /nan³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /nan²¹/ | |
Kunming | /lã̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /laŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /læ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /læ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /lɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /læ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /le²³/ |
Suzhou | /le̞¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /lẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /la³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /lɛ⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /lɔ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lan¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /nan¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lan⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lam¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /lɑm¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lam²¹/ |
Nanning | /lam²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /lam²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lam³⁵/ /na³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /laŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /laŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /lam⁵⁵/ /nã⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lam³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: lam
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-k.]rˤam/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːm/
Definitions
edit- blue
- indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)
- (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
- (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government
- (literary) Short for
伽藍 /伽 蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”). - a surname: Lan
Synonyms
editSee also
editDescendants
editOthers:
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)
- White Hmong: nkaj
- → Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)
- → Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)
- →? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)
- → Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)
- → Zhuang: lamz
Compounds
edit二 藍 /二 蓝亞 甲 藍 /亚甲蓝 (yàjiǎlán)亮 藍 /亮 蓝伽藍 /伽 蓝 (qiélán)伽藍 鳥 /伽 蓝鸟 (qiélánniǎo)僧 伽藍 /僧 伽 蓝天 藍色 /天 蓝色 (tiānlánsè)寶 藍 /宝 蓝 (bǎolán)寶 藍色 /宝 蓝色小 藍 人 /小 蓝人 (xiǎolánrén)景 泰 藍 /景 泰 蓝 (jǐngtàilán)普 魯士藍 /普 鲁士蓝 (pǔlǔshìlán)毛 藍 /毛 蓝水 渰藍橋 /水 渰蓝桥海軍 藍 /海 军蓝 (hǎijūnlán)湛 藍 /湛 蓝 (zhànlán)燒 藍 /烧蓝甘藍 /甘 蓝 (gānlán)發 藍 /发蓝碧 藍 /碧 蓝 (bìlán)碧 藍 如黛/碧 蓝如黛 - 篳路
藍 縷/筚路蓝缕 (bìlùlánlǚ) 結球 甘藍 /结球甘 蓝 (jiéqiú gānlán)絞 股 藍 /绞股蓝 (jiǎogǔlán)胡 藍 之 獄 /胡 蓝之狱芥 藍 /芥 蓝芥 藍 菜 /芥 蓝菜- 蔚藍/蔚蓝 (wèilán)
蓼 藍 /蓼 蓝 (liǎolán)- 蓽路
藍 縷/荜路蓝缕 (bìlùlánlǚ) - 蓽露
藍 蔞/荜露蓝蒌 (bìlùlánlǚ) 薄 藍 /薄 蓝藍 傘 /蓝伞藍 十 字 會 /蓝十 字 会 藍 單 /蓝单藍 圖 /蓝图 (lántú)藍 天 /蓝天 (lántiān)藍 姑 草 /蓝姑草 藍 寶石 /蓝宝石 (lánbǎoshí)藍 尼 羅 河 /蓝尼罗河 (Lánníluóhé)藍 德 公司 /蓝德公司 藍 晶 /蓝晶藍 晶 晶 /蓝晶晶 (lánjīngjīng)藍 普 燈 /蓝普灯 藍 晶 石 /蓝晶石 藍本 /蓝本 (lánběn)藍 橋 /蓝桥 (Lánqiáo)藍 橋 會 /蓝桥会 藍 波 /蓝波藍 波 主義 /蓝波主 义藍 湛 湛 /蓝湛湛 (lánzhànzhàn)藍 玉 /蓝玉藍 瑩瑩/蓝莹莹 (lányíngyíng)藍田 /蓝田 (Lántián)藍田 出 玉 /蓝田出 玉 藍田 猿 人 /蓝田猿 人 藍田 玉 /蓝田玉 藍田 生玉 /蓝田生玉 (lántiánshēngyù)藍田 種 玉 /蓝田种玉藍田 遺 址 /蓝田遗址藍 皮 書 /蓝皮书藍 皮 綠 骨 /蓝皮绿骨 (lánpílǜgǔ)藍 盈 盈 /蓝盈盈 藍 礬/蓝矾藍 籌/蓝筹 (lánchóu)藍 籌股/蓝筹股 (lánchóugǔ)藍 綠藻 /蓝绿藻 (lánlǜzǎo)藍 縷/蓝缕 (lánlǚ)藍 翎/蓝翎藍色 /蓝色 (lánsè)藍 菊 /蓝菊 (lánjú)藏 藍 /藏 蓝藍 藻 /蓝藻 (lánzǎo)藍 蝴蝶 /蓝蝴蝶 藍 衫/蓝衫藍 調 /蓝调 (lándiào)藍 閃閃/蓝闪闪藍 關 /蓝关 (Lánguān)藍 青 /蓝青 (lánqīng)藍 青 官話 /蓝青官 话 (lánqīng guānhuà)藍 靛/蓝靛 (lándiàn)藍 領 /蓝领 (lánlǐng)藍 領 階級 /蓝领阶级藍 鬍子/蓝胡子 藍 鯨 /蓝鲸 (lánjīng)藍 黑 /蓝黑藍 點 頦/蓝点颏藍 鼓 藻 /蓝鼓藻 衣冠 藍 縷/衣冠 蓝缕衣 衫藍褸/衣 衫蓝褛 (yīshānlánlǚ)- 迦藍/迦蓝
- 鈷藍/钴蓝
青 出 於藍/青 出 于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán)青 過 於藍/青 过于蓝- 靛藍/靛蓝 (diànlán)
Japanese
editKanji
edit- the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
- the color indigo
- kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
Readings
edit- Go-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)
- Kan-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)
- Kun: あい (ai,
藍 , Jōyō)←あゐ (awi, あゐ, historical)
Compounds
edit藍 衣 社 (Ran'isha)藍 玉 (rangyoku): aquamarine (gem)藍 紫 色 (ranshishoku)藍綬 褒章 (Ranju Hōshō)藍 晶 石 (ranshōseki, “cyanite”)藍 色 (ranshoku): the color indigo: dark blue藍 閃石 (ransenseki)藍 藻 (ransō)藍 鉄鉱 (rantekkō)藍田 (Randen)藍 靛 (ranten)藍 銅鉱 (randōkō)藍 毘尼 園 (Ranbini-on)藍碧 (ranpeki)芥 藍 (kairan)伽藍 (garan)甘藍 (kanran)- 洎夫
藍 (safuran) 芥 藍 菜 (jierantsai)出藍 (shutsuran)青 藍 (seiran)僧 伽 藍 摩 (sōgaranma)堆 藍 (tairan)洞 庭 藍 (tōteiran)銅 藍 (dōran)白 藍 (hakuran)板 藍 根 (banrankon)- 毘
藍 婆 (Biranba) 洋 藍 (yōran)
Etymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
あい Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to
- May be an alteration from
青色 (awoiro → aoiro):- ⟨awoiro2⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
- May be a fusion of
青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)[1]- */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
- May be derived from a compound of
青 (awo → ao) +居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:- /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
- the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants
- Short for
藍 蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid
Usage notes
editAs with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アイ.
Derived terms
edit藍色 (aiiro)藍 絵 (ai-e)藍 返 し (aigaeshi)藍 型 (aigata)藍 紙 (aigami)藍 瓶 (aigame),藍 甕 (aigame)藍 革 (aikawa)藍 隈 (aiguma)藍 子 (aigo)藍 鮫 (aizame)藍 下 (aishita)藍 汁 (aishiru)藍住 (Aizumi)藍 墨 (aizumi)藍 摺 り (aizuri)藍染 (aizome),藍 染 め (aizome)藍 建 て (aidate)藍 蓼 (aitade)藍 茸 (aitake)藍 玉 (aidama) an indigo ball藍 韋 (ai-nameshi)藍 鼠 (ainezumi): bluish gray藍 花 (aibana)藍 棒 (aibō)藍 微塵 (ai-mijin)藍 水 泥 (aimidoro)藍 海松 茶 (aimirucha)藍 屋 (aiya)藍 焼 (aiyaki),藍 焼 き (aiyaki)藍 役 (aiyaku)藍 蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid紫陽花 (ajisai)- インド
藍 (Indo-ai) 薄 藍 (usuai)韓 藍 (karaai)木 藍 (kiai)紅 (kurenai),呉 の藍 (Kure-no-ai)濃 藍 (koai),濃 藍 (koiai)紺 藍 (kon-ai)地 入 れ藍 (jiire ai)白 藍 (shiroai)人造 藍 (jinzō-ai)蓼 藍 (tadeai)漬 藍 (tsukeai)天然 藍 (tennen-ai)泥 藍 (doroai)二 藍 (futa-ai)- ベロ
藍 (bero-ai) 襤褸 藍 (boro-ai)本 藍 (hon-ai)揉 み藍 (momiai)山 藍 (yamaai),山 藍 (yamai)琉球 藍 (Ryūkyū-ai)
Proverbs
edit青 は藍 より出 でて藍 より青 し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)
Proper noun
edit- a female given name
- a surname
References
edit- ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN - ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),
新 明解 国語 辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 (新装 版 ) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
Further reading
edit- Entry at Nihonjiten (in Japanese)
Korean
editHanja
editEtymology 1
editHanja
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Etymology 2
editHanja
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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藍 - Mandarin terms with usage examples
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