List of Chinese musical instruments

Grouping of musical instruments, Tang dynasty

Mogao Cave 156, musicians at battle in 848 C.E., Tang dynasty vs. Tibetan Empire.

The grouping of instruments includes (from the bottom, clockwise) a zhangu, pipa, two headed drum, tambourine, konghou, sheng, and two end-blown flutes (such as xiao or pipes.

Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories known as bā yīn (八はち音おと). The eight categories are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd and skin; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups. The grouping of instruments in material categories in China is one of the first musical groupings ever devised.

Silk (絲いと)

Silk (絲いと) instruments are mostly stringed instruments (including those that are plucked, bowed, and struck). Since ancient times, the Chinese have used twisted silk for strings, though today metal or nylon are more frequently used. Instruments in the silk category include:

Plucked

Name	Image
Se (Chinese: 瑟; pinyin: sè) – 25-stringed zither with movable bridges (ancient sources say 14, 25 or 50 strings)
Guzheng (古こ箏そう) – 16–26 stringed zither with movable bridges
Konghou (箜篌くご) – angular harp
Phoenix-headed konghou (鳳おおとり首くび箜篌くご Konghou fengshou) – Arched harp. 10th century A.D., Bezeklik Caves, cave 48.
Huluqin (葫にんにく芦あし琴きん) – four-stringed lute with gourd-shape body used by the Naxi people of Yunnan. With frets like pipa, the structure of the huluqin is the same as that of the pipa and can be played with the pipa technique.
Huleiqin (忽ゆるがせ雷かみなり琴きん) – pear-shaped lute slightly smaller than the pipa, with 2 strings and body covered with snakeskin; it was used during the Tang dynasty but is no longer used
Pipa (琵琶びわ) – pear-shaped fretted lute with 4 or 5 strings
Liuqin (柳やなぎ琴こと) – small plucked, fretted lute with a pear-shaped body and four and five strings
Ruan (Chinese: 阮; pinyin: ruǎn) – moon-shaped lute in five sizes: gaoyin-, xiao-, zhong-, da-, and diyin-; sometimes called ruanqin (阮琴)
Yueqin (月琴げっきん) – plucked lute with a wooden body, a short fretted neck, and four strings tuned in pairs
Qinqin (秦はた琴こと) – plucked lute with a wooden body and fretted neck; also called meihuaqin (梅花ばいか琴きん, literally "plum blossom instrument", from its flower-shaped body)
Sanxian (三さん弦げん) – plucked lute with body covered with snakeskin and long fretless neck; the ancestor of the Japanese shamisen
Duxianqin (simplified Chinese: 独どく弦つる琴きん; traditional Chinese: 獨どく弦つる琴きん) – the instrument of the Jing people (Vietnamese people in China), a plucked, monochord zither with only one string, tuned to C3.
Huobosi (火ひ不ふ思おもえ) – a plucked long-necked lute of Turkic origin
Tembor (弹拨尔) – a fretted plucked long-necked lute with five strings in three courses, used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang
Dutar (都と塔とう尔) – a fretted plucked long-necked lute with two strings, used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang
Rawap (热瓦普ひろし or 热瓦甫はじめ) – a fretless plucked long-necked lute used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang
Tianqin (天てん琴きん) – a 3 strings plucked lute of Zhuang people in Guangxi.
Qiben (起おこり奔) – a four strings plucked lute of Lisu people
Wanqin (弯琴) – shaped like a dragon boat. Its shape is very similar to Myanmar's saung-gauk. Another variation of the wanqin held in the form of a harp with four strings was found in a painting of Feitian in Mogao caves, Dunhuang province.
Kongqin (孔あな琴きん) – A pear-shaped ruan with five strings similar to ukulele
Dombra (冬ふゆ不ふ拉ひしげ) – a long-necked Kazakh, Uzbek and Bashkir lute and a musical string instrument
Qibue (其布厄やく) – The 4 strings Lisu people lute
Saiding (赛玎) – The lute of Bulang people
Dingbengba (玎崩巴ともえ) – a 4 strings lute of Dai people
Palaung dingqin (德とく昂のぼる族ぞく丁ちょう琴こと) – a 4 strings lute of Palaung people
Sugudu (苏古笃) – a 4 trings Naxi people's lute with fretless fingerboard, and the body is traditionally made from snake skin.
Kaomuzi (考こう姆兹) – a long-necked Dongxiangs lute with fretless fingerboard.

Bowed

Re-enactment of an ancient traditional music performance

A mural from the tomb of Xu Xianxiu in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, dated 571 AD during the Northern Qi dynasty, showing male court musicians playing stringed instruments, either the liuqin or pipa, and a woman playing a konghou (harp)

Instrument	Image
Huqin (胡えびす琴きん) – family of vertical fiddles
Erhu (二に胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle
Zhonghu (中ちゅう胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle, lower pitch than an erhu
Gaohu (高こう胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle, higher pitch than an erhu; also called yuehu (粤胡えびす)
Banhu (板いた胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle with a coconut resonator and wooden face, used primarily in northern China
Jinghu (京きょう胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle (piccolo erhu), very high pitched, used mainly for Beijing opera
Jing erhu (京きょう二に胡えびす) – erhu used in Beijing opera
Erxian (二に弦げん) – a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings and is used primarily in Cantonese music, most often in "hard string" chamber ensembles.
Zhutiqin (竹たけ提琴ていきん) – a huqin (胡えびす琴きん, vertical fiddle) with cylindrical bamboo resonator and paulownia soundboard used in old-style Cantonese opera, both staged (Chinese: gu qiang Yueju, 古こ腔粤剧) and non-staged (Chinese: gu qiang Yue qu, 古こ腔粤曲きょく).
Yehu (椰胡) – two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used primarily in Cantonese and Chaozhou music
Daguangxian (大だい广弦) – two-stringed fiddle used in Taiwan and Fujian, primarily by Min Nan and Hakka people; also called datongxian (大筒おおづつ弦つる), guangxian (广弦), and daguanxian (大だい管弦かんげん)
Datong (大筒おおづつ) – two-stringed fiddle used in the traditional music of Hunan
Kezaixian (壳仔弦つる) – two-stringed fiddle with coconut body, used in Taiwan opera
Liujiaoxian (六角ろっかく弦つる) – two-stringed fiddle with hexagonal body, similar to the jing erhu; used primarily in Taiwan
Tiexianzai (鐵てつ弦つる仔こ) – a two-stringed fiddle with metal amplifying horn at the end of its neck, used in Taiwan; also called guchuixian (鼓吹こすい弦つる)
Niujiaohu (牛うし角かく胡えびす) – a yak's horn fiddle used primarily among the Tibetan people
Huluhu (simplified Chinese: 葫にんにく芦あし胡えびす; traditional Chinese: 葫にんにく盧の胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle with gourd body used by the Zhuang of Guangxi
Maguhu (simplified Chinese: 马骨胡えびす; traditional Chinese: 馬うま骨こつ胡えびす; pinyin: mǎgǔhú) – two-stringed fiddle with horse bone body used by the Zhuang and Buyei peoples of southern China
Tuhu (土ど胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi
Jiaohu (角すみ胡えびす) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Gelao people of Guangxi, as well as the Miao and Dong
Liuhu (六ろく胡えびす) – six-stringed fiddle of Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia
Sihu (四よん胡えびす) – four-stringed fiddle with strings tuned in pairs
Sanhu (三さん胡えびす) – 3-stringed erhu with an additional bass string; developed in the 1970s
Zhuihu (simplified Chinese: 坠胡; traditional Chinese: 墜胡) – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Zhuiqin (simplified Chinese: 坠琴; traditional Chinese: 墜琴) – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Leiqin (雷かみなり琴きん) – two-stringed fiddle with fingerboard
Dihu (低てい胡えびす) – low pitched two-stringed fiddles in the erhu family, in three sizes:
Xiaodihu (小しょう低てい胡えびす) – small dihu, tuned one octave below the erhu
Zhongdihu (中ちゅう低てい胡えびす) – medium dihu, tuned one octave below the zhonghu
Dadihu (大だい低てい胡えびす) – large dihu, tuned two octaves below the erhu
Dahu (大胡おおご) – another name for the xiaodihu
Cizhonghu – another name for the xiaodihu
Gehu (革かわ胡えびす) – four-stringed bass instrument, tuned and played like cello
Diyingehu (低音ていおん革かわ胡えびす) – four-stringed contrabass instrument, tuned and played like double bass
Laruan (拉ひしげ阮) – four-stringed bowed instrument modeled on the cello
Paqin (琶琴) – bowed pear-shaped lute
Dapaqin (大だい琶琴) – bass paqin
Niutuiqin or niubatui (牛うし腿もも琴きん or 牛ぎゅう巴ともみ腿もも) – two-stringed fiddle used by the Dong people of Guizhou
Matouqin (馬頭ばとう琴こと) – (Mongolian: morin khuur) – Mongolian two-stringed "horsehead fiddle"
Xiqin (奚琴) – ancient prototype of huqin family of instruments
Shaoqin (韶琴) – electric huqin
Yazheng (simplified Chinese: 轧筝; traditional Chinese: 軋きし箏そう) – bowed zither; also called yaqin (simplified Chinese: 轧琴; traditional Chinese: 軋きし琴きん)
Wenzhenqin (文ぶん枕まくら琴きん) – a zither with 9 strings bowed
Zhengni (琤尼) – bowed zither; used by the Zhuang people of Guangxi
Ghaychak (艾あい捷とし克かつ) – four-stringed bowed instrument used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang; similar to kamancheh
Sataer (萨塔尔 or 萨它尔) – long-necked bowed lute with 13 strings used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang. 1 playing string and 12 sympathetic strings.
Khushtar (胡えびす西にし它尔) – a four-stringed bowed instrument used in Uyghur traditional music of Xinjiang.
Qiaoqin (桥琴) – cello-like instrument with snakeskin resonator) from Shenyang
Shenhu (桥琴) – a huqin (2-stringed vertical fiddle with snakeskin-covered resonator) with a distinctive broad, nasal timbre that is used as the primary accompanying huqin (zhu hu, 主しゅ胡えびす) in Huju (沪剧), a genre of local Chinese opera (difang xiqu, 地方ちほう戏曲) from Shanghai.

Struck

Instrument	Image
Yangqin (揚あげ琴きん) – hammered dulcimer
Zhu (筑) – a zither similar to a guzheng, played with a bamboo mallet
Niujinqin (牛うし筋すじ琴きん) – a zither used to accompany traditional narrative singing in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Similar to a se but played with a bamboo mallet.

Combined

• Wenqin (文ぶん琴きん) – a combination of the erhu, konghou, sanxian and guzheng with 50 or more steel strings.
• Qingzhou cuoqin (青あお州しゅう挫くじけ琴きん) – strucked and bowed zither from Shandong, China.

Bamboo (竹たけ)

A half-section of the Song dynasty (960–1279) version of the Night Revels of Han Xizai, original by Gu Hongzhong; the female musicians in the center of the image are playing transverse bamboo flutes and guan, and the male musician is playing a wooden clapper called paiban.

Bamboo (竹たけ) mainly refers to woodwind instruments, which includes;

Flutes

Instrument	Image
Dizi (笛ふえ子こ) – transverse bamboo flute with buzzing membrane
Bangdi (梆笛)
Wanguandi (弯管笛ふえ) - Chinese version dizi from Western alto flute and bass flute
Xiao (simplified Chinese: 箫; traditional Chinese: 簫しょう; pinyin: xiāo) – end-blown flute; also called dongxiao (simplified Chinese: 洞ほら箫; traditional Chinese: 洞ほら簫しょう)
Paixiao (simplified Chinese: 排はい箫; traditional Chinese: 排はい簫しょう; pinyin: páixiāo) – pan pipes
Chi (Chinese: 篪; pinyin: chí) – ancient transverse bamboo flute
Yue (Chinese: 籥; pinyin: yuè) – ancient notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger holes; used in Confucian ritual music and dance
Xindi (新しん笛ふえ) – modern transverse flute with as many as 21 holes
Dongdi (侗笛) – wind instrument of the Dong people of southern China
Koudi (Chinese: 口笛くちぶえ; pinyin: kǒudí) – very small transverse bamboo flute
Zhuxun (竹たけ埙): a bamboo version of xun

Free reed pipes

Instrument	Image
Bawu (simplified Chinese: 巴ともえ乌; traditional Chinese: 巴ともえ烏がらす; pinyin: bāwū) – side-blown free reed pipe with finger holes	Bawu in the Key of F
Mangtong (Chinese: 芒すすき筒とう; pinyin: mángtǒng) – end-blown free reed pipe producing a single pitch

Single reed pipes

Instrument	Image
Mabu (马布) – single-reed bamboo pipe played by the Yi people

Double reed pipes

Instrument	Image
Guan (Chinese: 管かん; pinyin: guǎn) – cylindrical double reed wind instrument made of either hardwood (Northern China) or bamboo (Cantonese); the northern version is also called guanzi (管かん子こ) or bili (simplified Chinese: 筚篥; traditional Chinese: 篳篥ひちりき), the Cantonese version is also called houguan (喉のど管かん), and the Taiwanese version is called 鴨かも母はは笛ふえ, or Taiwan guan (台湾たいわん管かん)
Shuangguan (雙そう管かん) – literally "double guan," an instrument consisting of two guanzi (cylindrical double reed pipes) of equal length, joined together along their length
Suona (simplified Chinese: 唢呐; traditional Chinese: 嗩吶) – double-reed wind instrument with a flaring metal bell; also called haidi (海うみ笛ふえ)

Wood (木き)

A set of muyu, or Chinese wooden slit drums. The sound produced is affected by the instrument's size, type of wood, and how hollow it is.

Most wood (木き) instruments are percussion instruments of the ancient variety:

Percussion instruments

Instrument	Image
Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zhù) – a wooden box that tapers from the top to the bottom, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark the beginning of music in ancient ritual music
Yu (Chinese: 敔; pinyin: yǔ) – a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by hitting a stick with an end made of approximately 15 stalks of bamboo on its head three times and across the serrated back once to mark the end of the music
Muyu (simplified Chinese: 木き鱼; traditional Chinese: 木魚もくぎょ; pinyin: mùyú) – a rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick; often used in Buddhist chanting
Paiban (拍板びんざさら) – a clapper made from several flat pieces of wood; also called bǎn (板いた), tánbǎn (檀まゆみ板ばん), mùbǎn (木き板ばん), or shūbǎn (书板); when used together with a drum the two instruments are referred to collectively as guban (鼓こ板ばん) Ban Zhuban (竹たけ板ばん, a clapper made from two pieces of bamboo) Kuaiban (快かい板いた)
Bangzi (梆子) – small, high-pitched woodblock; called qiaozi (敲子) or qiaoziban (敲子板ばん) in Taiwan Nan bangzi (南みなみ梆子) Hebei bangzi (河北かわきた梆子) Zhui bangzi (墜梆子こ) Qin bangzi (秦はた梆子)

Stone

The stone (石いし) category comprises various forms of stone chimes.

Instrument	Image
Bianqing (simplified Chinese: 编磬; traditional Chinese: 編へん磬かおる; pinyin: biānqìng) – a rack of stone tablets that are hung by ropes from a wooden frame and struck using a mallet.
Tezhong (特とく鐘がね) – a single large stone tablet hung by a rope in a wooden frame and struck using a mallet

Metal (金きむ)

Instrument	Image
Bianzhong (編へん鐘がね) – 16 to 65 bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using poles
Fangxiang (simplified Chinese: 方ほう响; traditional Chinese: 方ほう響ひびき; pinyin: fāngxiǎng; Wade–Giles: fang hsiang) – set of tuned metal slabs (metallophone)	Fangxiang from Korea
Nao (musical instrument) (鐃) – may refer to either an ancient bell or large cymbals Shangnao (商しょう鐃) – ancient bellphoto
Bo (鈸; also called chazi, 镲子)	Xiaobo (小しょう鈸, small cymbals) Zhongbo (中ちゅう鈸, medium cymbals; also called naobo (鐃鈸) or zhongcuo Shuibo (水みず鈸, literally "water cymbals") Dabo (大だい鈸, large cymbals) Jingbo (京きょう鈸) Shenbo (深ふか波なみ) – deep, flat gong used in Chaozhou music; also called gaobian daluo (高こう边大锣)
Luo (simplified Chinese: 锣; traditional Chinese: 鑼; pinyin: luó) – gong Daluo (大だい锣) – a large flat gong whose pitch drops when struck with a padded mallet Fengluo (风锣) – literally "wind gong," a large flat gong played by rolling or striking with a large padded mallet Xiaoluo (小しょう锣) – a small flat gong whose pitch rises when struck with the side of a flat wooden stick Yueluo (月つき锣) – small pitched gong held by a string in the palm of the hand and struck with a small stick; used in Chaozhou music Jingluo (镜锣) – a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian [1] Pingluo (平ひら锣) – a flat gong Kailuluo (开路锣)
Yunluo (simplified Chinese: 云うん锣; traditional Chinese: 雲くも鑼) – literally "cloud gongs"; 10 or more small tuned gongs in a frame
Shimianluo (十じゅう面めん锣) – 10 small tuned gongs in a frame
Qing (磬かおる) – a cup-shaped bell used in Buddhist and Daoist ritual music
Daqing (大だい磬かおる) – large qing
Pengling (碰铃; pinyin: pènglíng) – a pair of small bowl-shaped finger cymbals or bells connected by a length of cord, which are struck together
Dangzi (铛子) – a small, round, flat, tuned gong suspended by being tied with silk string in a round metal frame that is mounted on a thin wooden handlephoto; also called dangdang (铛铛)
Yinqing (引磬) – an inverted small bell affixed to the end of a thin wooden handlephoto
Yunzheng (云うん铮) – a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian [2]
Chun (錞; pinyin: chún) – ancient bellphoto Weichun (帷とばり錞) – ancient hanging bell
Tonggu (铜鼓) – bronze drum
Laba (喇叭らっぱ) – A long, straight, valveless brass trumpet

Clay (土ど)

Instrument	Image
Xun (埙, Chinese: 塤; pinyin: xūn) – ocarina made of baked clay
Fou (Chinese: 缶かん; pinyin: fǒu) – clay pot played as a percussion instrument
Taodi (Chinese: 陶とう笛ふえ; pinyin: táo dí) – ocarina

Gourd (匏ふくべ)

Instrument	Image
Sheng (Chinese: 笙しょう; pinyin: shēng) – free reed mouth organ consisting of varying number of bamboo pipes inserted into a metal (formerly gourd or hardwood) chamber with finger holes
Baosheng (抱だき笙しょう) – larger version of the Sheng
Yu (Chinese: 竽; pinyin: yú) – ancient free reed mouth organ similar to the sheng but generally larger
Hulusi (simplified Chinese: 葫にんにく芦あし丝; traditional Chinese: 葫にんにく蘆あし絲いと; pinyin: húlúsī) – free-reed wind instrument with three bamboo pipes which pass through a gourd wind chest; one pipe has finger holes and the other two are drone pipes; used primarily in Yunnan province
Hulusheng (simplified Chinese: 葫にんにく芦あし笙しょう; traditional Chinese: 葫にんにく蘆あし笙しょう; pinyin: húlúshēng) – free-reed mouth organ with a gourd wind chest; used primarily in Yunnan province
Fangsheng – Northern China Gourd

Hide-skin (革かわ)

Instrument	Image
Dagu – (大だい鼓こ) – large drum played with two sticks
Huapengu (花はな盆ぼん鼓こ) – flowerpot-shaped large drum played with two sticks; also called ganggu (缸鼓)
Huzuo Dagu (虎とら座ざ大だい鼓こ)
Huzuo Wujia Gu (虎とら座ざ鳥とり架か鼓こ)
Jiangu (建けん鼓こ)
Bangu (板いた鼓こ) – small, high pitched drum used in Beijing opera; also called danpigu (单皮鼓こ)
Biangu (扁ひらた鼓こ) – flat drum, played with sticks	Ethnic Yao biangu
Paigu (排はい鼓こ) – set of three to seven tuned drums played with sticks
Tanggu (堂どう鼓こ) – medium-sized barrel drum played with two sticks; also called tonggu (同どう鼓こ) or xiaogu (小鼓こつづみ)
Biqigu (荸荠鼓こ) – a very small drum played with one stick, used in Jiangnan sizhu
Diangu (点てん鼓こ; also called huaigu, 怀鼓) – a double-headed frame drum played with a single wooden beater; used in the Shifangu ensemble music of Jiangsu province and to accompany to kunqu opera
Huagu (花はな鼓こ) – flower drum
Yaogu (腰こし鼓こ) – waist drum	Waist and Tao drums
Taipinggu (太平たいへい鼓こ) – flat drum with a handle; also called dangu (单鼓)
Zhangu (战鼓 or 戰せん鼓こ) – war drum; played with two sticks.
Bajiaogu (八角はっかく鼓こ) – octagonal tambourine used primarily in narrative singing from northern China．
Yanggegu (秧歌鼓こ) – rice planting drum
Gaogu (鼛鼓) – large ancient drum used to for battlefield commands and large-scale construction
Bofu (搏拊) – ancient drum used to set tempo
Jiegu (羯鼓かっこ) – hourglass-shaped drum used during the Tang dynasty
Tao (鼗; pinyin: táo) or taogu (鼗鼓) – a pellet drum used in ritual music
Bolang Gu (波浪はろう鼓こ; pinyin: bo lang gu) – a traditional Chinese pellet drum and toy
Linggu (铃鼓)

Others

Instrument	Image
Gudi (骨ほね笛ふえ) – an ancient flute made of bone
Hailuo (海うみ螺にし) – conch shell [3]
Kouxian (口くち弦つる) – jaw harp, made of bamboo or metal.
Yedi (叶かのう笛ふえ) – tree leaf used as a wind instrument．
Shuijingdi (水晶すいしょう笛ふえ) – crystal flute.
Zutongqin (竹筒たけづつ琴きん) – bamboo tube zither
Shu pi hao (树皮号ごう, literally "tree-bark horn"): a traditional horn made from coiled tree bark, used by the Dong people of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, western Huaihua, west-central Hunan province, south-central China, near the border with Guizhou province. The instrument, which is also used by the Tujia and Miao ethnic groups of this part of Hunan province, is made by first felling a young paulownia tree, then, using a sharp knife, slowly peeling off its thin bark in a long, winding strip several inches in width. This strip of bark is then coiled tightly to produce a long conical tube that is blown from the narrow end with a buzzed embouchure, in the manner of a horn.

Ethnic instruments

See also: List of Mongolian musical instruments, Hmong music, and Music of Tibet

Instrument	Image	Ethnic group
Frame drum		Frame drums are used by ethnic groups all over China. The style of the one pictured is used mainly by Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic peoples.
Lusheng, or qeej – free reed gourd mouth organ of the Miao/Hmong people		A free-reed mouth organ with five or six pipes, played by various ethnic groups in southwest China and neighboring countries, such as the Miao people (or Hmong).
Lilie (唎咧) – reed wind instrument with a conical bore played by the Li people of Hainan
Miaodi (Chinese: 苗なえ族ぞく笛ふえ; pinyin: miáozú dí)	Flute played by the Miao

Playing contexts

Chinese instruments are either played solo, collectively in large orchestras (as in the former imperial court) or in smaller ensembles (in teahouses or public gatherings). Normally, there is no conductor in traditional Chinese music, nor any use of musical scores or tablature in performance. Music was generally learned aurally and memorized by the musician(s) beforehand, then played without aid. As of the 20th century, musical scores have become more common, as has the use of conductors in larger orchestral-type ensembles.

Musical instruments in use in the 1800s

These watercolour illustrations, made in China in the 1800s, show several types of musical instruments being played:

• 
  Woman playing a dizi.
• 
  Woman playing a jinghu.
• 
  Woman playing a luo.
• 
  Woman playing a pipa.
• 
  Woman playing a sanxian.
• 
  Woman playing a yunluo.
• 
  Woman playing a xiaoluo.
• 
  Woman playing a haotou.
• 
  Woman playing a xiao.
• 
  Woman playing what looks like a yangqin or some sort of psaltery-like instrument.

See also

• Music of China
• Chinese culture
• Chinese art
• Chinese instrument classification
• List of ensemble formations in traditional Chinese music
• C-Rock

References

Notes

Sources

• Lee, Yuan-Yuan and Shen, Sinyan. Chinese Musical Instruments (Chinese Music Monograph Series). 1999. Chinese Music Society of North America Press. ISBN 1-880464-03-9
• Shen, Sinyan. Chinese Music in the 20th Century (Chinese Music Monograph Series). 2001. Chinese Music Society of North America Press. ISBN 1-880464-04-7
• Yuan, Bingchang, and Jizeng Mao (1986). Zhongguo Shao Shu Min Zu Yue Qi Zhi. Beijing: Xin Shi Jie Chu Ban She/Xin Hua Shu Dian Beijing Fa Xing Suo Fa Xing. ISBN 7-80005-017-3.

External links

• Chinese musical instruments
• Chinese Musical Instruments Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong
• Chime A look at ancient Chinese instruments
• Chinese musical instruments (Chinese)
• Chinese Instruments Website Archived 2022-07-25 at the Wayback Machine (English)
• Chinese musical instruments
• The Musical Instruments E-book
• World of Instrumental Music
• The Grand Chinese New Year Concert Archived 2017-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
• Chinese Instrument
• Chinese Musical Instruments (The Modern Appearance)
• https://www.britannica.com/art/qin-musical-instrument