使つかい民みん

Chinese

		to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (使つかい民みん)		使つかい	民みん

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǐmín

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǐmín
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǐhmín
    • Wade–Giles: shih³-min²
    • Yale: shř-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyymin
    • Palladius: шиминь (šiminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sriX mjin

Rime
Character	使つかい	民みん
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	生せい (21)	明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん)	之これ (19)	眞しん (43)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	踈士し切きり	彌わたる鄰切きり
Baxter	sriX	mjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃɨX/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃɨX/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃieX/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂɨX/	/min/
Li Rong	/ʃiəX/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/ʃĭəX/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂiX/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si2	man4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ  mi[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*srɯʔ  min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	使つかい	民みん
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǐ	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ sriX ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*s-rəʔ/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	send; cause	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	使つかい	民みん
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11488	9130
Phonetic component	史ふみ	民みん
Rime group	之これ	眞しん
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	史ふみ	民みん
Old Chinese	/*srɯʔ/	/*min/

Verb

使つかい民みん

1. (Classical) to rule people

   • 故こ曰察能のう授官かん，班はん祿ろく賜たまもの予よ，使つかい民みん之これ機き也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故こ曰察能のう授官かん，班はん禄ろく赐予，使つかい民みん之これ机つくえ也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Gù yuē chá néng shòu guān, bānlù cìyǔ, shǐmín zhī jī yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 堯立だて孝こう慈仁愛じんあい，使つかい民みん如子弟してい。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     尧立だて孝こう慈仁じん爱，使つかい民みん如子弟してい。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Yáo lì xiàocí rén'ài, shǐmín rú zǐdì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)