儺

See also: 傩

儺 U+513A, 儺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-513A ← 儹 [U+5139] CJK Unified Ideographs 儻 → [U+513B]

Translingual

Han character

儺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人ひと+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと廿にじゅう人じん土ど (OTOG), four-corner 2021₄, composition ⿰亻難なん)

1. rich

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 121, character 42
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1317
• Dae Jaweon: page 257, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 238, character 16
• Unihan data for U+513A

Chinese

trad.		儺
simp.		傩
alternative forms		難なん／难 𠹈 𩙎 𩘾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 儺
Small seal script s05699 Transcribed ancient scripts L32393 L08510
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘なだ	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難なん	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢かん	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *naːl) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 難なん (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-n/t (“ill, pain, difficult, evil spirit”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nuó (nuo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): no⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nô͘ / lô

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nuó
    • Wade–Giles: no²
    • Yale: nwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuo
    • Palladius: но (no)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: no⁴
    • Yale: nòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: no⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: no⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nô͘
    • Tâi-lô: nôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: noo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
    • Tâi-lô: lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: looi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: na

Rime
Character	儺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	泥どろ (8)
Final (韻いん)	歌うた (94)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	諾だく何なに切きり
Baxter	na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/na/
Li Rong	/nɑ/
Wang Li	/nɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	no4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤar/, /*nˤarʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*naːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儺	儺	儺
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nuó	nuó	nuó
Middle Chinese	‹ na ›	‹ na ›	‹ naX ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁar/	/*nˁar/	/*nˁarʔ/
English	expel demons	rich, ample, fine, beautiful	rich, beautiful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儺
Reading #	1/1
No.	4886
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	歌うた
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	那な
Old Chinese	/*naːl/

Definitions

儺

1. ^† to walk gracefully; to move to the measured steps

   • 巧たくみ笑わらい之これ瑳、佩玉之これ儺。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     巧たくみ笑わらい之これ瑳、佩玉之これ傩。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Qiǎoxiào zhī cuō, pèiyù zhī nuó. [Pinyin]

     How shine the white teeth through the artful smiles!
     How the girdle gems move to the measured steps!

2. Used in 猗儺／猗傩 (“beautiful; graceful”).
3. ^† to expel demons of illness; to exorcise

   • 鄉さと人ひと飲いん酒さけ，杖つえ者もの出で，斯出で矣。鄉さと人ひと儺，朝あさ服ふく而立だて於阼階かい。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     乡人ひと饮酒さけ，杖つえ者もの出で，斯出で矣。乡人ひと傩，朝あさ服ふく而立だて于阼阶。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Xiāng rén yǐn jiǔ, zhàng zhě chū, sī chū yǐ. Xiāng rén nuó, cháo fú ér lì yú zuò jiē. [Pinyin]

     When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after.
     When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.

4. Nuo ceremony

Compounds

• 儺戲／傩戏 (nuóxì)
• 儺神／傩神 (nuóshén)
• 儺祓／傩祓
• 儺禮／傩礼
• 儺禳／傩禳
• 儺聲／傩声
• 儺舞／傩舞
• 儺逐／傩逐
• 儺鼓／傩鼓
• 和かず儺／和かず傩
• 大だい儺／大だい傩
• 猗儺／猗傩
• 玉たま儺／玉たま傩
• 行くだり儺／行くだり傩
• 觀かん儺／观傩
• 贈おく儺／赠傩
• 進すすむ儺／进傩
• 鄉さと儺／乡傩
• 驅か儺／驱傩

 

Japanese

Kanji

儺

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. exorcism

Readings

• Go-on: な (na)
• Kan-on: だ (da)
• Kun: おにやらい (oniyarai, 儺)

Compounds

Compounds

• 追おい(つい)儺(な) (tsuina), 追つい儺(なやらい) (nayarai)
• 儺(な)火ひ(び) (nabi)
• 儺(な)豆まめ(まめ) (namame)
• 追おい(な)儺(やら)ふ (nayarau)

Kanji in this term
儺
な Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 儺／傩 (na).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [na̠]

Noun

儺(な) • (na) 

1. driving away the gods of disease
   • 1972 [1688], Kaibara Chiken, Nihon saijiki [Japan almanac]‎^[1], page 140:

     かゝ(か)る虚きょ(きょ)誕(たん)の説せつ(せつ)をば、その是これ(ぜ)非ひ(ひ)をあらそはんも口くち(くち)おしければやみぬ。されば儺(な)は疫(えき)をおいはらふことなり。

     Kakaru kyotan no setsu o ba, sono zehi o arasowan mo kuchioshikereba yaminu. Sareba na wa eki o oiharau koto nari.

     It would be a pity to try to prove such a false exaggerated theory right or wrong, so I'll stop. So na rituals are to drive out the epidemic.

Korean

Hanja

儺 (eum 나 (na))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

儺: Hán Nôm readings: na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.