鄉さと

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See also: 鄕, 乡, 郷さと, and 卿きょう
鄉さと U+9109, 鄉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9109
← 鄈
[U+9108] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鄊 →
[U+910A]

Translingual

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Traditional 鄉さと
Simplified 乡
Japanese 郷さと
Korean 鄕

Han character

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鄉さと (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女竹めだけ戈ほこ戈ほこ中ちゅう (VHIIL), four-corner 27727, composition ⿰乡郎ろう)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1275, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1775, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3786, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9109

Chinese

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trad. 鄉さと/鄕
simp. 乡
alternative forms 郷さと
鄊
𨞰 ancient
𭅼

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鄉さと
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鄉さと) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
曏 *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
鄉さと *qʰaŋ
薌 *qʰaŋ
膷 *qʰaŋ
響ひびき *qʰaŋʔ
饗きょう *qʰaŋʔ
蠁 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
嚮 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
卿きょう *kʰraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗きょう (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting.

In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿きょう (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿きょう (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉さと (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗きょう (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965).

The right half is unrelated to 郎ろう, as 良りょう in 鄉さと was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • hieo1/hiuⁿ1 - vernacular;
  • hyong1/hyeng1 - literary.
Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary.
Note:
  • hion1/hiên1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary.
Rime
Character 鄉さと
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 曉あかつき (32)
Final (韻いん) 陽ひ (105)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 許もと良りょう切きり
Baxter xjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/xiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/xĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鄉さと
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/
English village; district

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鄉さと
Reading # 1/1
No. 13596
Phonetic
component 		鄉さと
Rime
group 		陽ひ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		香こう
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/
Notes 甲きのえ金きむ文ぶん象ぞう兩りょう人ひと對たい食しょく，
爲ため饗きょう初はつ文ぶん

Definitions

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鄉さと

  1. township
  2. countryside; country; rural area
    鄉さと村むら／乡村むら  ―  xiāngcūn  ―  village
    城しろ鄉さと／城しろ乡  ―  chéngxiāng  ―  urban and rural areas
  3. one's native place
    回かい鄉さと／回かい乡  ―  huíxiāng  ―  to return to one's native place
  4. place
  5. state; situation
    夢ゆめ鄉さと／梦乡  ―  mèngxiāng  ―  dreamland
  6. a surname

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鄉さと
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ-s/
English to face

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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鄉さと

  1. Alternative form of 嚮／向むかい

Pronunciation 3

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鄉さと
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋʔ/
English feast

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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鄉さと

  1. Alternative form of 饗きょう／飨 (xiǎng)

Japanese

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Kanji

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鄉さと

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of 郷さと

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、ごう (gō)
  • Kun: さと (sato)、ふるさと (furusato)、さきに (sakini)

Korean

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Hanja

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鄉さと • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)

  1. alternative form of 鄕

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鄉さと: Hán Nôm readings: hương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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