稿こう

See also: 稾

稿こう U+7A3F, 稿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3F ← 稾 [U+7A3E] CJK Unified Ideographs 穀こく → [U+7A40]

Translingual

Han character

稿こう (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ木き卜ぼく口こう月がつ (HDYRB), four-corner 2092₇, composition ⿰禾高こう)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25220
• Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2625, character 6
• Unihan data for U+7A3F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		稿こう
alternative forms		稾 藁わら 藳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稿こう
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (高こう) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
高こう	*kaːw
膏あぶら	*kaːw, *kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿こう	*kaːwʔ
稾	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁けやき	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞しま	*kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁わら	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	*kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	*qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪ごう	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕ごう	*ɡaːw
濠ほり	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗	*ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	*kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	*qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	*qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙はなわ	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	*qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kaːwʔ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 高こう (OC *kaːw).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎo (gao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kó
• Eastern Min (BUC): gō̤
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó / kó͘
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎo
    • Wade–Giles: kao³
    • Yale: gǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gao
    • Palladius: гао (gao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎor
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎor
    • Wade–Giles: kao³-ʼrh
    • Yale: gǎur
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaol
    • Palladius: гаор (gaor)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

Note: erhua only applies to 'draft, sketch' and 'manuscript' meanings.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gou²
    • Yale: góu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: go`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ko³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó
    • Tâi-lô: kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koir
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵kau
    • MiniDict: kau^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ³⁴/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤawʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稿こう
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kawX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[k]ˁawʔ/
English	straw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稿こう
Reading #	1/1
No.	3729
Phonetic component	高こう
Rime group	宵よい
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	暠
Old Chinese	/*kaːwʔ/
Notes	說せつ文ぶん稾今いま字じ

Definitions

稿こう

1. (literary) stalk of grain; straw

   稿こう薦こも／稿こう荐  ―  gǎojiàn  ―  straw mattress; pallet

2. (literary, or in compounds) draft; sketch
3. (literary, or in compounds) manuscript

   稿こう件けん  ―  gǎojiàn  ―  rough draft; manuscript

4. (literary, or in compounds) looks; appearance (of a person)

Synonyms

• (stalk of grain): 莖くき／茎くき (jīng)
• (draft):

• 初稿しょこう (chūgǎo)
• 底そこ子こ (dǐzi)
• 文ぶん稿こう (wéngǎo)
• 稿こう子こ (gǎozi)
• 草くさ底そこ (cǎodǐ) (colloquial)
• 草稿そうこう (cǎogǎo)

 

• (manuscript):

• 文ぶん稿こう (wéngǎo)
• 書しょ稿こう／书稿 (shūgǎo) (literary, literary manuscript)
• 稿こう件けん (gǎojiàn)
• 稿こう子こ (gǎozi)

 

• (looks):

• 人才じんさい (réncái)
• 儀容ぎよう／仪容 (yíróng) (of a person)
• 儀表ぎひょう／仪表 (yíbiǎo) (of a person)
• 外形がいけい (wàixíng)
• 外相がいしょう (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 外そと範はん／外そと范 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 外表そとおもて (wàibiǎo)
• 外觀がいかん／外そと观 (wàiguān)
• 外貌がいぼう (wàimào)
• 容貌ようぼう (róngmào, “facial features”)
• 容顏ようがん／容よう颜 (róngyán, “facial features”)
• 尊容そんよう (zūnróng) (ironic or honorific, of a person)
• 尪仔頭あたま／尪仔头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 形容けいよう (xíngróng, “facial appearance”) (literary)
• 形貌なりかたち (xíngmào)
• 樣子ようす／样子 (yàngzi)
• 模樣もよう／模かたぎ样 (of a person)
• 樣よう貌／样貌 (yàngmào)
• 相貌そうぼう (xiàngmào) (of a person)
• 瞻視／瞻视 (zhānshì) (literary)
• 觀かん瞻／观瞻 (guānzhān)
• 貌相 (màoxiàng) (of a person)
• 賣うれ相しょう／卖相 (màixiàng) (originally Wu)
• 長ちょう相しょう／长相 (zhǎngxiàng) (of a person)
• 面容めんよう (miànróng, “facial features”)
• 面容めんよう仔こ (“facial features”) (Hakka)
• 面めん水すい (Hokkien)
• 面貌めんぼう (miànmào)
• 顏かお容よう／颜容 (yánróng, “facial features”)
• 體面たいめん／体面たいめん (tǐmiàn)

 

Compounds

• 主しゅ稿こう
• 乾いぬい稿こう／干ひ稿こう
• 來らい稿こう／来らい稿こう
• 初稿しょこう (chūgǎo)
• 創そう稿こう／创稿
• 劍けん南みなみ詩し稿こう／剑南诗稿
• 原稿げんこう (yuángǎo)
• 存そん稿こう
• 孫まご晨稿席せき／孙晨稿こう席せき
• 完かん稿こう (wángǎo)
• 定てい稿こう (dìnggǎo)
• 審しん稿こう／审稿 (shěngǎo)
• 寫うつし稿こう／写うつし稿こう
• 屬ぞく草稿そうこう／属ぞく草稿そうこう
• 底そこ稿こう (dǐgǎo)
• 徵しるし稿こう／征せい稿こう (zhēnggǎo)
• 截稿 (jiégǎo)
• 手て稿こう (shǒugǎo)
• 打だ底そこ稿こう
• 打だ稿こう
• 打だ腹はら稿こう
• 投稿とうこう (tóugǎo)
• 拒こばめ稿こう (jùgǎo)
• 撰せん稿こう (zhuàngǎo)
• 撤稿 (chègǎo)
• 撰せん稿こう人じん
• 擬なずらえ稿こう／拟稿 (nǐgǎo)
• 改稿かいこう
• 文ぶん稿こう (wéngǎo)
• 會かい稿こう／会かい稿こう
• 有ゆう底そこ稿こう
• 校こう稿こう
• 清史きよし稿こう
• 清きよし稿こう (qīnggǎo)
• 清きよし稿本こうほん
• 特とく稿こう (tègǎo)
• 畫稿がこう／画稿がこう
• 發はつ稿こう／发稿 (fāgǎo)
• 稿こう人じん
• 稿こう件けん (gǎojiàn)
• 稿こう兒じ／稿こう儿
• 稿こう子こ (gǎozi)
• 稿こう底そこ
• 稿本こうほん (gǎoběn)
• 稿こう案あん
• 稿こう源げん
• 稿こう砧きぬた
• 稿こう約やく／稿こう约
• 稿こう紙し／稿こう纸 (gǎozhǐ)
• 稿こう葬そう
• 稿こう薦こも／稿こう荐 (gǎojiàn)
• 稿こう費ひ／稿こう费 (gǎofèi)
• 稿こう酬むくい (gǎochóu)
• 縛ばく稿こう為ため人じん／缚稿为人
• 脫だつ稿こう／脱だつ稿こう (tuōgǎo)
• 腹はら稿こう
• 芻稿／刍稿
• 草稿そうこう (cǎogǎo)
• 講こう稿こう／讲稿 (jiǎnggǎo)
• 起稿きこう
• 轉載てんさい稿こう／转载稿こう
• 辦稿／办稿
• 退すさ稿こう (tuìgǎo)
• 遺稿いこう／遗稿
• 邀稿
• 默だま稿こう

 

Japanese

Kanji

稿こう

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. manuscript, version, draft

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: わら (wara, 稿こう)

Verb

稿こう(こう)する • (kō suru) suru (stem 稿こう(こう)し (kō shi), past 稿こう(こう)した (kō shita))

1. to write (a manuscript/rough copy)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稿こうする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	稿こうし	こうし	kō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	稿こうし	こうし	kō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	稿こうする	こうする	kō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	稿こうする	こうする	kō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	稿こうすれ	こうすれ	kō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	稿こうせよ¹ 稿こうしろ²	こうせよ¹ こうしろ²	kō seyo¹ kō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稿こうされる	こうされる	kō sareru
Causative	稿こうさせる 稿こうさす	こうさせる こうさす	kō saseru kō sasu
Potential	稿こうできる	こうできる	kō dekiru
Volitional	稿こうしよう	こうしよう	kō shiyō
Negative	稿こうしない	こうしない	kō shinai
Negative continuative	稿こうせず	こうせず	kō sezu
Formal	稿こうします	こうします	kō shimasu
Perfective	稿こうした	こうした	kō shita
Conjunctive	稿こうして	こうして	kō shite
Hypothetical conditional	稿こうすれば	こうすれば	kō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja

稿こう (eumhun 볏집 고 (byeotjip go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“draft, manuscript”).

Vietnamese

Han character

稿こう: Hán Nôm readings: cảo, khao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.