菌きん

菌きん U+83CC, 菌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC ← 菋 [U+83CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 菍 → [U+83CD]

菌 U+2F9A2, 菌 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2 ← 菊 [U+2F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菜 → [U+2F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

菌きん (Kangxi radical 140, 艸そうこう+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿にじゅう田た竹ちく木き (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

Derived characters

• 𣛃, 𭿰, 𢋵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83CC

• Unihan data for U+2F9A2

Chinese

trad.		菌きん
simp. #		菌きん
alternative forms		箘 蔨 𦵼 𦽖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
菌きん	*ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕のろ	*krun
囷	*kʰrun, *ɡrun
箘	*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 囷 (OC *kʰrun, *ɡrun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun¹, jun⁴, jun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹
    • Yale: jyūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
      
  • (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chün³
    • Yale: jyǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

Definitions

菌きん

1. bacterium; germ

   抑そもそも菌きん  ―  yìjūn  ―  to inhibit bacteria

   有ゆう好このみ多おお菌きん [Cantonese]  ―  jau⁵ hou² do¹ kwan² [Jyutping]  ―  have lots of bacteria; be germy

2. fungus

Synonyms

• (bacterium): 細菌さいきん／细菌 (xìjūn)
• (fungus): 真ま菌きん (zhēnjūn)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): kūng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: gwinX, gjwonX

Rime
Character	菌きん	菌きん
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	群ぐん (30)	群ぐん (30)
Final (韻いん)	眞しん (45)	元もと (66)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	渠みぞ殞切きり	求もとむ晚ばん切きり
Baxter	gwinX	gjwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪnX/	/ɡʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚinX/	/ɡʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuenX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinX/	/guanX/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕnX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnX/	/ɡĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnX/	/gi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan6	gyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌きん
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌きん	菌きん
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元もと	文ぶん
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原はら列れつ軫韻いん

Definitions

菌きん

1. mushroom; toadstool

   • 朝あさ菌きん不知ふち晦みそ朔ついたち，蟪蛄不知ふち春秋しゅんじゅう，此小しょう年とし也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Cháojūn bùzhī huìshuò, huìgū bùzhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]

     The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn.

2. Alternative form of 箘 (“bamboo shoots”)
3. a surname: Jun

Synonyms

• (mushroom): 蕈 (xùn), 蘑菇 (mógu)

Compounds

• 不ふ孕真菌きん
• 乳酸菌にゅうさんきん (rǔsuānjūn)
• 亮あきら菌きん
• 低溫ていおん殺菌さっきん／低温ていおん杀菌
• 傘かさ菌きん／伞菌
• 光ひかり合あい細菌さいきん／光ひかり合あい细菌
• 厭いや氧菌／厌氧菌きん (yànyǎngjūn)
• 厭いや氣き菌きん／厌气菌きん
• 噬人菌きん
• 噬菌體たい／噬菌体たい (shìjūntǐ)
• 固かた氮菌 (gùdànjūn)
• 夏なつ蟲ちゅう朝あさ菌きん／夏なつ虫ちゅう朝あさ菌きん
• 大腸だいちょう桿菌かんきん／大だい肠杆菌きん (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
• 大腸菌だいちょうきん／大だい肠菌
• 大腸菌だいちょうきん類るい／大だい肠菌类
• 子こ囊菌
• 寄生きせい菌きん
• 巴ともえ氏し桿菌かんきん／巴ともえ氏し杆菌
• 布ぬの氏し桿菌かんきん／布ぬの氏し杆菌
• 布ぬの魯氏菌きん／布ぬの鲁氏菌きん (bùlǔshìjūn)
• 帶おび菌きん／带菌
• 帶おび菌きん者しゃ／带菌者しゃ
• 弧こ菌きん (hújūn)
• 微ほろ菌きん (wēijūn)
• 抗菌こうきん (kàngjūn)
• 抗菌こうきん素もと (kàngjūnsù)
• 抗菌こうきん藥やく／抗菌こうきん药
• 抗菌こうきん血清けっせい
• 披衣菌きん (pīyījūn)
• 擔子菌きん／担子菌きん
• 朝あさ菌きん
• 松まつ菌きん (sōngjūn)
• 根瘤こんりゅう菌きん (gēnliújūn)
• 桿菌かんきん／杆菌 (gǎnjūn)
• 棒狀ぼうじょう桿菌かんきん／棒状ぼうじょう杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
• 殺菌さっきん／杀菌 (shājūn)
• 殺菌さっきん劑ざい／杀菌剂
• 氯絲菌きん素もと／氯丝菌きん素もと
• 活性かっせい菌きん
• 淋菌りんきん
• 滅菌めっきん／灭菌 (mièjūn)
• 無菌むきん／无菌 (wújūn)
• 無菌むきん室しつ／无菌室しつ
• 牙きば菌きん斑まだら (yájūnbān)
• 球菌きゅうきん (qiújūn)
• 瓢ひさご菌きん素もと
• 生なま菌きん
• 病原菌びょうげんきん (bìngyuánjūn)
• 病菌びょうきん (bìngjūn)
• 痢疾桿菌かんきん／痢疾杆菌
• 真ま菌きん (zhēnjūn)
• 細菌さいきん／细菌 (xìjūn)
• 細菌さいきん學がく／细菌学がく (xìjūnxué)
• 細菌さいきん武器ぶき／细菌武器ぶき
• 結核けっかく菌きん／结核菌きん
• 網あみ傘かさ菌きん／网伞菌きん
• 羊ひつじ肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
• 肉にく毒どく桿菌かんきん／肉にく毒どく杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
• 菌きん傘かさ／菌きん伞 (jūnsǎn)
• 菌きん原げん體からだ／菌きん原げん体からだ
• 菌きん子こ (jùnzi)
• 菌きん幕まく
• 菌きん托たく
• 菌きん柄がら (jūnbǐng)
• 菌きん核かく
• 菌きん根ね
• 菌きん桂かつら
• 菌きん界かい
• 菌絲きんし／菌きん丝 (jūnsī)
• 菌絲きんし體たい／菌きん丝体 (jūnsītǐ)
• 菌きん肥こえ
• 菌きん膠にかわ團だん／菌きん胶团
• 菌きん苗なえ (jūnmiáo)
• 菌きん落 (jūnluò)
• 菌きん蓋ぶた／菌きん盖 (jūngài)
• 菌きん血ち症しょう
• 菌きん血ち癥／菌きん血ち症しょう
• 菌きん褶 (jūnzhé)
• 菌きん質しつ／菌きん质
• 菌きん陳ひね蒿／菌きん陈蒿
• 菌類きんるい／菌きん类 (jūnlèi)
• 葡萄ぶどう球菌きゅうきん (pútáo qiújūn)
• 藻も菌きん植物しょくぶつ
• 螺旋らせん菌きん
• 裂きれ殖ふえ菌きん
• 輻射ふくしゃ滅菌めっきん／辐射灭菌
• 酵母こうぼ菌きん
• 鏈球菌きん／链球菌きん (liànqiújūn)
• 雙球菌そうきゅうきん／双球菌そうきゅうきん
• 霍亂弧こ菌きん／霍乱弧こ菌きん (huòluàn hújūn)
• 非ひ病原菌びょうげんきん
• 食しょく菌きん
• 香こう菌きん
• 馬うま勃菌／马勃菌きん
• 黑くろ黴菌ばいきん／黑くろ霉菌
• 黴菌ばいきん／霉菌 (méijūn)
• 黴菌ばいきん病びょう／霉菌病びょう

 

Japanese

Kanji

菌きん

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. fungus, mold
2. bacterium, germ

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
• Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌きん)

Compounds

• 細菌さいきん(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
• 納豆なっとう菌きん(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

Korean

Hanja

菌きん (eumhun 버섯 균 (beoseot gyun))

1. Hanja form^? of 균 (“mushroom”).
2. Hanja form^? of 균 (“germ, microbe”).

Vietnamese

Han character

菌きん: Hán Nôm readings: khuẩn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.