跪

跪 U+8DEA, 跪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEA ← 跩 [U+8DE9] CJK Unified Ideographs 跫 → [U+8DEB]

Translingual

Han character

跪 (Kangxi radical 157, 足あし+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口くち一いち弓ゆみ一いち山やま (RMNMU), four-corner 6711₂, composition ⿰𧾷危)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
• Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8DEA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		跪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮠はや	*ŋuːl
峞	*ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ
頠	*ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ
詭	*krolʔ
垝	*krolʔ, *krols
陒	*krolʔ
觤	*krolʔ
恑	*krolʔ
蛫	*krolʔ
祪	*krolʔ
洈	*krolʔ, *ŋrol
姽	*krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ
桅	*krolʔ
佹	*krolʔ
跪	*kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ
危	*ŋrol
峗	*ŋrol
硊	*ŋrolʔ
卼	*kʰruls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足あし (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).

Etymology

Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwai⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): kui³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khúi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kui³

• Jin (Wiktionary): kui³
• Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
• Eastern Min (BUC): gôi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kǔi / kūi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guin⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuei³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
    • Yale: gwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
    • Palladius: гуй (guj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwai⁶
    • Yale: gwaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: kui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúi
    • Hakka Romanization System: kui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kui³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kui³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰuɪ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kui³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxuei⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔi
    • Tâi-lô: kuǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
    • Tâi-lô: kuī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kui
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guin⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũĩ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
    • MiniDict: jiu^去さ; gue^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjy; ³gue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑy²³/, /ɡue²³/

Note:

• 3jjy - colloquial;
• 3gue - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: kuei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjweX, gjweX

Rime
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	溪けい (29)	群ぐん (30)
Final (韻いん)	支ささえ (14)	支ささえ (14)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	去さ委ゆだね切きり	渠みぞ委ゆだね切きり
Baxter	khjweX	gjweX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiuᴇX/	/ɡˠiuᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷᵚiɛX/	/ɡʷᵚiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɛX/	/ɡiuɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjwiə̆X/	/gjwiə̆X/
Li Rong	/kʰjueX/	/ɡjueX/
Wang Li	/kʰǐweX/	/ɡǐweX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰwie̯X/	/gwie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuǐ	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fai2	gwai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g](r)ojʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	跪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gjweX ›
Old Chinese	/*[g](r)ojʔ/
English	kneel; foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12779	12780
Phonetic component	危	危
Rime group	歌うた	歌うた
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	跪	跪
Old Chinese	/*kʰrolʔ/	/*ɡrolʔ/

Definitions

跪

1. to kneel
2. ^† foot

   • 蟹かに六ろく跪而二に螯，非ひ蛇へび蟺之これ穴あな無む可か寄託きたく者もの，用心ようじん躁也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     蟹かに六ろく跪而二に螯，非ひ蛇へび蟺之これ穴あな无可か寄よせ托たく者もの，用心ようじん躁也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jìtuō zhě, yòngxīn zào yě. [Pinyin]

     The crab has six feet and two pincers, yet without the dens of snakes and eels, it has no place to take shelter. This is because its mind is impatient.

3. (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to

Compounds

• 下しも跪 (xiàguì)
• 三さん跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
• 單たん跪／单跪
• 打だ了りょう半はん跪
• 打だ搶跪／打だ抢跪
• 拜跪はいき
• 罰ばっ跪／罚跪
• 跪下 (guìxià)
• 跪乳
• 跪伏 (guìfú)
• 跪低
• 跪倒 (guìdǎo)
• 跪坐きざ
• 跪墊／跪垫
• 跪拜きはい (guìbài)
• 跪毯
• 跪求 (guìqiú)
• 跪池
• 跪爬
• 跪舔 (guìtiǎn)
• 跪謝／跪谢 (guìxiè)
• 跪起
• 跪鎖子こ／跪锁子こ
• 跪門／跪门
• 長ちょう跪／长跪 (chángguì)

 

Japanese

Kanji

跪

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぎ (gi)^{←ぐゐ (gwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: き (ki)^{←くゐ (kwi, historical)}
• Kun: ひざまずく (hizamazuku, 跪ひざまずく)

Korean

Hanja

跪 (eum 궤 (gwe))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

跪: Hán Nôm readings: quỵ

1. to kneel down; to fall on one's knees

Compounds

• 突跪 (đột quỵ)