臘
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 臘 |
---|---|
Shinjitai (extended) |
𫞇 |
Simplified | 腊 |
Han character
[edit]臘 (Kangxi radical 130,
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 997, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30009
- Dae Jaweon: page 1448, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2123, character 6
- Unihan data for U+81D8
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 臘 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 腊* | |
alternative forms | 𦡳 𦠼 臈/腊 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.
- Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and
獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”); - Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year);
- Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the
葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: là
- Wade–Giles: la4
- Yale: là
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
- Palladius: ла (la)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laap6 / lip6
- Yale: laahp / lihp
- Cantonese Pinyin: laap9 / lip9
- Guangdong Romanization: lab6 / lib6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːp̚²/, /liːp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: lip6 - variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lap5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lap̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: lab
- Hagfa Pinyim: lab6
- Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lăk
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃aʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍p
- Tâi-lô: la̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: lap
- IPA (Xiamen): /lap̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lap̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lap̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p
- Tâi-lô: lia̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: liap
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- la̍p/lia̍p - literary;
- la̍h - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lah8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /laʔ⁴/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 臘 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /la⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /la⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /lɑ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /la²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /la⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /la²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /la²¹/ | |
Xining | /la⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /la¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /la¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /la²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /na²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /na³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /na²¹/ | |
Kunming | /la̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /lɑʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /lɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /laʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /lʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /laʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /laʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /laʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /lɑʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /la²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /la²²/ |
Tunxi | /lɔ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /la²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /nɒ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /laʔ²/ ~ /laʔ⁵/ ~ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lap̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /lɑp̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lap̚²/ |
Nanning | /ʟap̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /lap̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lap̚⁵/ /laʔ⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /laʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /la⁴²/ /si²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /laʔ⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /la³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: lap
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤap/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːb/
Definitions
[edit]臘
- year-end sacrifice to the gods
- twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar
- dried preserved meat; cured meat
Compounds
[edit]一 臘/一 腊乾 茨 臘/干 茨 腊伏 臘/伏 腊厚 味 臘毒/厚 味 腊毒夏 臘/夏 腊寒 冬 臘月 /寒 冬 腊月 (hándōnglàyuè)希 臘/希 腊 (Xīlà)希 臘哲學 /希 腊哲学 希 臘字母 /希 腊字母 希 臘建築 /希 腊建筑希 臘戲劇 /希 腊戏剧希 臘教會 /希 腊教会 希 臘正教 /希 腊正教 希 臘神話 /希 腊神话希 臘群島 /希 腊群岛年 臘/年 腊- 戒臘/戒腊
歲 時 伏 臘/岁时伏 腊殘 冬 臘月 /残 冬 腊月江西 臘/江西 腊 (jiāngxīlà)燒 臘/烧腊 (shāolà)真 臘/真 腊 (Zhēnlà)- 耆臘/耆腊
臘八 /腊八 (Làbā)臘八 節 /腊八节 (Làbājié)臘八 粥 /腊八粥 (làbāzhōu)- 臘味/腊味 (làwèi)
- 臘尾/腊尾
- 臘日/腊日
臘月 /腊月 (Làyuè)臘梅 /腊梅 (làméi)- 臘盡/腊尽
- 臘盡
冬 殘 /腊尽冬 残 - 臘祭/腊祭
- 臘肉/腊肉 (làròu)
- 臘腸/腊肠 (làcháng)
- 臘腸
樹 /腊肠树 - 臘腸
狗 /腊肠狗 - 臘酒/腊酒 (làjiǔ)
- 臘鎗
頭 /腊枪头 - 臘魚/腊鱼
- 臘鴨/腊鸭 (làyā)
- 臘鼓/腊鼓
- 臘鼓
頻 催/腊鼓频催 花 臘搽/花 腊搽- 葷湯臘水/荤汤腊水
蘇 門 答 臘/苏门答 腊 (Sūméndálà)走 臘法/走 腊法- 醃臘/腌腊
References
[edit]- “臘”, in
漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]𫞇 | |
臘 |
Kanji
[edit]臘
Readings
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog
- the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar
- a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat
Synonyms
[edit]- (twelfth month):
臘月
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]臘: Hán Nôm readings: chạp, chợp, lạp, lép
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Translingual lemmas
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らふ
- Japanese lemmas
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- ja:Buddhism
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