享とおる

See also: 亨とおる, 亭ちん, and 亯

享とおる U+4EAB, 享 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAB ← 亪 [U+4EAA] CJK Unified Ideographs 京きょう → [U+4EAC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

享とおる (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜ぼく口こう弓木ゆみき (YRND), four-corner 0040₇, composition ⿳亠口くち子こ)

Derived characters

• 郭かく 孰 敦あつし

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 298
• Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4EAB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		享とおる
alternative forms		亯 亨とおる

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 享とおる
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j13528 j13529 j13530 j13531 j13532 j13533 j13534 j13535 j13536 j13537 j13538 j13539 j13540 j13541 j13542 Bronze inscriptions b08333 b08334 b08335 b08336 b08337 b08338 b08339 b08340 b08341 b08342 b08343 b08344 b08345 b08346 b08347 b08348 b08349 b08350 b08351 b08352 b08353 b08354 b08355 b08356 b08357 b08358 b08359 b08360 b08361 b08362 b08363 b08364 b08365 b08366 b08367 b08368 b08369 b08370 b08371 b08372 b08373 b08374 b08375 b08376 b08377 b08378 b08379 b08380 b08381 b08382 b08383 b08384 b08385 b08386 b08387 b08388 b08389 b08390 b08391 b08392 b08393 b08394 b08395 b08396 b08397 b08398 b08399 b08400 b08401 b08402 b08403 b08404 b08405 b08406 b08408 b08409 b08410 b08411 b08412 b08413 b08414 b08415 b08416 b08417 Small seal script s03838 s03839 Transcribed ancient scripts L35082 L35083 L35084 L35085 L35086 L17490 L17491 L17492 L17493 L17494 L17495 L17496 L17497 L17498 L17499 L17500 L17501 L17502 L17503 L17504 L17505 L17506 L17507
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (亨とおる) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
亨とおる	*qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ
享とおる	*qʰaŋʔ
烹	*pqʰraːŋ
脝	*qʰraːŋ
悙	*qʰraːŋ
哼	*qʰraːŋ

An ancestral shrine. See also 亯 and 亨とおる.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎng (xiang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hióng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hiōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hióng / hiáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang³
    • Yale: syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
    • Palladius: сян (sjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hoeng²
    • Yale: héung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hióng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiong³
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hióng
    • Tâi-lô: hióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiorng
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiáng
    • Tâi-lô: hiáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiarng
    • IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjangX

Rime
Character	享とおる
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	曉あかつき (32)
Final (韻いん)	陽ひ (105)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	許もと兩りょう切きり
Baxter	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/xiaŋX/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ˤraŋ/, /*[qʰ]aŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	享とおる	享とおる
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎng	xiǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ xæng ›	‹ xjangX ›
Old Chinese	/*[qʰ]ˁraŋ/ (W dialect)	/*[qʰ]aŋʔ/
English	penetrate	offer in sacrifice; food offering
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	享とおる
Reading #	1/1
No.	5112
Phonetic component	亨とおる
Rime group	陽ひ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	響ひびき
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes	說せつ文ぶん亯或ある體からだ

Definitions

享とおる

1. to enjoy
2. (obsolete) to offer (to a superior); to present; to pay (a tribute)

   • 昔むかし有ゆう成なり湯ゆ、自じ彼かれ氐羌、莫敢不ふ來き享とおる、莫敢不ふ來き王おう、曰商しょう是これ常つね。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     昔むかし有ゆう成なり汤、自じ彼かれ氐羌、莫敢不ふ来き享とおる、莫敢不ふ来き王おう、曰商しょう是これ常つね。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Xī yǒu chéng Tāng, zì bǐ Dǐ Qiāng, mò gǎn bùlái xiǎng, mò gǎn bùlái wáng, yuē Shāng shì cháng. [Pinyin]

     Formerly, in the time of Tang the Successful, even from the Qiang and Di, they dared not but come with their offerings; [their chiefs] dared not but come to seek the king's acknowledgment: such is the regular rule of Shang.'

Compounds

• 享受きょうじゅ (xiǎngshòu)
• 享とおる國こく／享とおる国こく (xiǎngguó)
• 享とおる堂どう (xiǎngtáng)
• 享とおる壽ことぶき／享とおる寿ことぶき (xiǎngshòu)
• 享とおる宴えん
• 享年きょうねん (xiǎngnián)
• 享とおる御お
• 享有きょうゆう (xiǎngyǒu)
• 享樂きょうらく／享とおる乐 (xiǎnglè)
• 享樂きょうらく主義しゅぎ／享とおる乐主义 (xiǎnglè zhǔyì)
• 享とおる殿どの
• 享とおる用よう (xiǎngyòng)
• 享とおる福ぶく (xiǎngfú)
• 享とおる譽ほまれ／享とおる誉ほまれ (xiǎngyù)
• 來らい享とおる／来らい享とおる
• 共きょう享とおる (gòngxiǎng)
• 共きょう享とおる軟體／共きょう享とおる软体 (gòngxiǎng ruǎntǐ)
• 分ぶん享とおる (fēnxiǎng)
• 坐すわ享とおる (zuòxiǎng)
• 坐すわ享とおる其成 (zuòxiǎngqíchéng)
• 安あん享とおる (ānxiǎng)
• 安あん享とおる天てん年ねん
• 安あん享とおる餘よ年ねん／安あん享とおる余よ年ねん
• 廟びょう享とおる／庙享
• 有福ありふく同どう享とおる
• 民みん享とおる (mínxiǎng)
• 獨どく享とおる／独どく享とおる (dúxiǎng)
• 獨どく享とおる權益けんえき／独どく享とおる权益
• 祭まつり享とおる
• 賓まろうど享とおる／宾享
• 配はい享とおる

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (享とおる):

• → Vietnamese: hưởng (享とおる)

Japanese

Kanji

享とおる

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to enjoy
2. to receive
3. to undergo
4. to answer (the phone)

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kun: うける (ukeru, 享とおるける)、すすめる (susumeru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 享とおる (MC *xjangX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	햐ᇰ〯 (Yale: hyǎng)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	졔ᄉᆞ (Yale: cyeyso)	향 (Yale: hyang)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ça̠(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [향(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

享とおる (eumhun 누릴 향 (nuril hyang))

1. hanja form^? of 향 (“to enjoy”) [affix]

Compounds

Compounds

• 향락 (享樂きょうらく, hyangnak)
• 향수 (享受きょうじゅ, hyangsu)
• 향유 (享有きょうゆう, hyang'yu)
• 향년 (享年きょうねん, hyangnyeon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

享とおる: Hán Nôm readings: hưởng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.