七なな氧化二に氯

七なな氧化二に氯
	IUPAC名めい; 七なな氧化二に氯
别名	氧化氯(VII); 高こう氯酸酐
识别
CAS号ごう	10294-48-1
PubChem	123272
ChemSpider	109884
SMILES	O=Cl(=O)(=O)OCl(=O)(=O)=O;
InChI	1/Cl2O7/c3-1(4,5)9-2(6,7)8;
InChIKey	SCDFUIZLRPEIIH-UHFFFAOYAG
ChEBI	52356
性せい质
化学かがく式しき	Cl2O7
摩ま尔质量りょう	182.901 g·mol⁻¹
外そと观	无色油状ゆじょう液体えきたい
密度みつど	1.9 g/cm3
熔点	−91.5 °C
沸点ふってん	82 °C
危险性せい
主要しゅよう危害きがい	氧化性せい
	若わか非ひ注ちゅう明あかり，所有しょゆう数すう据すえ均ひとし出自しゅつじ标准状じょう态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下した。

七なな氧化二に氯是ぜ一いち种氯的てき氧化物ぶつ，化学かがく式しき为Cl₂O₇，是ぜ高こう氯酸的てき酸さん酐。可か由よし高だか氯酸与あずか五ご氧化二に磷反はん应製得とく。^[1]

2HClO₄ + P₄O₁₀ → Cl₂O₇ + H₂P₄O₁₁

它也可か以由氯气和わ臭におい氧反はん应而成なり。^[2]七氧化二氯会慢慢水みず解かい成なり高こう氯酸, 不在ふざい水溶液すいようえき里さと的てき高だか氯酸也是很危险的。

结构[编辑]

Cl₂O₇是ぜ吸热化合かごう物ぶつ，意味いみ着ぎ它本质上不ふ稳定，会かい分解ぶんかい为其组成元素げんそ，并释放能のう量りょう：^[3]

2 Cl₂O₇ → 2 Cl₂ + 7 O₂（ΔでるたH° = –132 kcal/mol）

Cl₂O₇的てきCl−O−Cl键角为 118.6°，中ちゅう间Cl−O键的键长为1.709 Å，Cl=O键长则为1.405 Å。^[1]七氧化二氯中的氯达到了最高的氧化态+7，但ただし它其实是共ども价化合かごう物ぶつ。

反はん应[编辑]

七なな氧化二に氯在四よん氯化碳里さと和わ一いち级/二に级胺反はん应，产生高だか氯酰胺：^[4]

2 RNH
2 + Cl
2O
7 → 2 RNHClO
3 + H
2O

2 R
2NH + Cl
2O
7 → 2 R
2NClO
3 + H
2O

它还与あずか烯烃反はん应，生成せいせい高だか氯酸烷基酯。举个例れい子こ，它会和わ丙へい烯四氯化碳溶液反应，生成せいせい高だか氯酰异丙基もと和わ1-氯-2-丙へい基もと高だか氯酸酯。^[5]

七なな氧化二に氯和醇あつし的てき反はん应会生成せいせい高だか氯酸酯。^[6]

七氧化二氯是一种强酸性氧化物，在ざい溶液ようえき中ちゅう与あずか高こう氯酸形成けいせい平衡へいこう。

安全あんぜん性せい[编辑]

虽然Cl₂O₇是ぜ最さい稳定的てき氯的氧化物ぶつ，但ただし它仍是ぜ强きょう氧化剂，可か通どおり过火焰、机つくえ械冲击、与あずか碘接触せっしょく而引爆ばく。^[7]不ふ过，它的氧化性せい不ふ如其它氯的てき氧化物ぶつ强きょう，并且在ざい低温ていおん时不会かい侵おかせ蚀硫、磷、纸。^[1]它对人体じんたい的てき影かげ响与氯气相似そうじ，需要じゅよう与あずか它相同どう的てき预防措施。^[8]

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ Byrns, A. C.; Rollefson, G. K. The Formation of Chlorine Heptoxide on Illumination of Mixtures of Chlorine and Ozone. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1934, 56 (5): 1250–1251. doi:10.1021/ja01320a506.
^ Martin, Jan M. L. Heats of formation of perchloric acid, HClO₄, and perchloric anhydride, Cl₂O₇. Probing the limits of W1 and W2 theory. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM. Modelling Structure and Reactivity: the 7th triennial conference of the World Association of Theoritical and Computational Chemists (WATOC 2005). 2006-10-12, 771 (1): 19–26. ISSN 0166-1280. arXiv:physics/0508076 . doi:10.1016/j.theochem.2006.03.035.
^ Beard, C. D.; Baum, K. Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with amines. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974, 96 (10): 3237–3239. doi:10.1021/ja00817a034.
^ Baum, K. . Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with olefins. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1976, 41 (9): 1663–1665. doi:10.1021/jo00871a048.
^ Kurt Baum, Charles D. Beard. Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with alcohols. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974-05, 96 (10): 3233–3237 [2022-02-02]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00817a033. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2022-04-25）（英えい语）.
^ Lewis, Robert Alan. Lewis' dictionary of toxicology. CRC Press. 1998: 260. ISBN 1-56670-223-2.
^ Jeanne Mager Stellman (编). Halogens and their compounds. Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety 4th. International Labour Organization: 104.210. 1998. ISBN 92-2-109817-6.

[Holl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[2] Byrns, A. C.; Rollefson, G. K. The Formation of Chlorine Heptoxide on Illumination of Mixtures of Chlorine and Ozone. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1934, 56 (5): 1250–1251. doi:10.1021/ja01320a506.

[3] Martin, Jan M. L. Heats of formation of perchloric acid, HClO₄, and perchloric anhydride, Cl₂O₇. Probing the limits of W1 and W2 theory. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM. Modelling Structure and Reactivity: the 7th triennial conference of the World Association of Theoritical and Computational Chemists (WATOC 2005). 2006-10-12, 771 (1): 19–26. ISSN 0166-1280. arXiv:physics/0508076 . doi:10.1016/j.theochem.2006.03.035.

[4] Beard, C. D.; Baum, K. Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with amines. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974, 96 (10): 3237–3239. doi:10.1021/ja00817a034.

[5] Baum, K. . Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with olefins. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1976, 41 (9): 1663–1665. doi:10.1021/jo00871a048.

[6] Kurt Baum, Charles D. Beard. Reactions of dichlorine heptoxide with alcohols. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1974-05, 96 (10): 3233–3237 [2022-02-02]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja00817a033. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2022-04-25）（英えい语）.

[7] Lewis, Robert Alan. Lewis' dictionary of toxicology. CRC Press. 1998: 260. ISBN 1-56670-223-2.

[8] Jeanne Mager Stellman (编). Halogens and their compounds. Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety 4th. International Labour Organization: 104.210. 1998. ISBN 92-2-109817-6.

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