全 民 医 保
此條 |
歷史 [编辑]
1990
經費 籌措模 式 [编辑]
強制 性 保險 [编辑]
單一 支 付 者 系統 [编辑]
經由 稅收 籌措經費 [编辑]
社會 醫療 保險 [编辑]
私營 保險 機構 [编辑]
社 區 型 的 醫療 保險 [编辑]
如果
實 施與 比較 [编辑]
參 見 [编辑]
全 球 衛生 美國 醫療 衛生 改革 的 辯論 醫療 保險 合作 社 - 按
醫療 保險 覆 蓋 率 的 國家 清 單 國民 健康 保險 初級 健康 照 護 公共 衛生 公立 醫療 衛生 計 劃健康 權 單 一支付者醫療衛生系統社會 化 醫療 衛生 (這個名詞 是 美國 在 20世紀 初期 發明 ,用 來 討論 全 民 健康 保險 事項 ,基本 上 是 個 有 政治 含義的 名詞 。)兩 級 醫療 保健
參考 文獻 [编辑]
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Universal and comprehensive health insurance was debated at intervals all through the Second World War, and in 1946 such a bill was voted in Parliament. For financial and other reasons, its promulgation was delayed until 1955, at which time coverage was extended to include drugs and sickness compensation, as well.
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原始 内容 存 档于2018-11-29). - ^ Evang, Karl. Health services in Norway. English version by Dorothy Burton Skårdal 3rd. Oslo: Norwegian Joint Committee on International Social Policy. 1970: 23. OCLC 141033.
Since 2 July 1956 the entire population of Norway has been included under the obligatory health national insurance program.
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Maioni, Antonia. The 1960s: the political battle. Parting at the crossroads: the emergence of health insurance in the United States and Canada. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1998: 121–22 [2013-09-30]. ISBN 978-0-691-05796-5. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-11). - ^ Kaser, Michael. The USSR. Health care in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. 1976: 38–39, 43. ISBN 978-0-89158-604-3.
Roemer, Milton Irwin. Social security for medical care. National health systems of the world: Volume II: The issues. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993: 94 [2013-09-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-507845-9. (原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-11).
Denisova, Liubov N. Protection of childhood and motherhood in the countryside. Mukhina, Irina (编). Rural women in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia. New York: Routledge. 2010: 167 [2013-09-30]. ISBN 978-0-203-84684-1. (原始 内容 存 档于2016-04-15). - ^ Austerity and the Unraveling of European Universal Health Care. Dissent Magazine. [2016-11-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-12-25). - ^ Bärnighausen, Till; Sauerborn, Rainer. One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system: are there any lessons for middle- and low-income countries?. Social Science & Medicine. May 2002, 54 (10): 1559–87. PMID 12061488. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00137-X.
Busse, Reinhard; Riesberg, Annette. Germany (PDF). Health Care Systems in Transition. 2004, 6 (9) [2013-10-08]. ISSN 1020-9077. (原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2020-03-21).
Carrin, Guy; James, Chris. Social health insurance: key factors affecting the transition towards universal coverage (PDF). International Social Security Review. January 2005, 58 (1): 45–64 [2013-10-08]. doi:10.1111/j.1468-246X.2005.00209.x. (原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2020-01-12).
Hassenteufel, Patrick; Palier, Bruno. Towards neo-Bismarckian health care states? Comparing health insurance reforms in Bismarckian welfare systems (PDF). Social Policy & Administration. December 2007, 41 (6): 574–96 [2013-10-08]. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9515.2007.00573.x. (原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-04-12).
Green, David; Irvine, Benedict; Clarke, Emily; Bidgood, Elliot. Healthcare systems: Germany (PDF). London: Civitas. 2013-01-23 [2013-10-08]. (原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2013-10-05). - ^ WHO - Rocky road from the Semashko to a new health model. [2016-11-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-11-22). - ^ Yu, Hao. Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?. Health Policy. 2015, 119 (9): 1145–52. PMID 26251322. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.07.008.
- ^ Gómez, Eduardo J. In Brazil, health care is a right. CNN. 2012-07-13 [2018-08-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-12-25). - ^ Muzaka, Valbona. Lessons from Brazil: on the difficulties of building a universal health care system. Journal of Global Health. 2017, 7 (1): 010303. ISSN 2047-2978. PMC 5344008 . PMID 28382207. doi:10.7189/jogh.07.010303.
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存 档副本 . [2021-01-17]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-12-24). - ^ Eagle, William. Developing Countries Strive to Provide Universal Health Care. [2016-11-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-04-04). - ^ Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America. [2016-11-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-12-25). - ^ 28.0 28.1 Bentes, Margarida; Dias, Carlos Matias; Sakellarides, Sakellarides; Bankauskaite, Vaida. Health care systems in transition: Portugal (PDF). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. 2004 [2006-08-30]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2010-01-26). - ^ Physicians for a National Health Program. International health systems. Chicago: Physicians for a National Health Program. 2004 [2006-11-07]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-08-21). - ^ Chua, Kao-Ping. Single payer 101 (PDF). Sterling, Virginia: American Medical Student Association. 2006-02-10 [2006-11-07]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2006-10-24). - ^ Glied, Sherry A. Health Care Financing, Efficiency and Equity. NBER Working Paper No. 13881. March 2008. doi:10.3386/w13881.
- ^ Tomasky, Michael. Healthcare vote: Barack Obama passes US health reform by narrow margin. Michael Tomasky's blog (London: The Guardian). 2010-03-21 [2010-03-23]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-06-08). - ^ Roy, Avik. Switzerland – a case study in consumer driven health care. Forbes. [2020-04-05]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-03-27). - ^ Varkevisser, Marco; van der Geest, Stéphanie. Competition among social health insurers: a case study for the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany (PDF). Research in Healthcare Financial Management. 2002, 7 (1): 65–84 [2007-11-28]. (
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存 档副本 . [2020-04-05]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-05-02). - ^ Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare coverage of kidney dialysis & kidney transplant services (PDF). Baltimore: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2010 [2010-04-11]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2010-05-27). - ^ Varshney, Vibha; Gupta, Alok; Pallavi, Aparna. Universal health scare. Down To Earth. New Delhi: Society for Environmental Communications. 2012-09-30 [2012-09-25]. (
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外部 連結 [编辑]
- Achieving Universal Health Care (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) (July 2011). MEDICC Review: International Journal of Cuban Health and Medicine 13 (3). Theme issue: authors from 19 countries on dimensions of the challenges of providing universal access to health care. - Catalyzing Change: The System Reform Costs of Universal Health Coverage (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) (November 15, 2010). New York: The Rockefeller Foundation. Report on the feasibility of establishing the systems and institutions needed to pursue UHC. - Physicians for a National Health Program (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) Chicago: PNHP. A group of physicians and health professionals who support single-payer reform. - UHC Forward Washington, D.C.: Results for Development Institute. Portal on universal health coverage.
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