狩獵 採集
考古 证据[编辑]
20
从大约8
许多
共同 特 征 [编辑]
居住 地 和 人口 [编辑]
一些狩猎采集者,
社会 与 经济结构[编辑]
灵长类动
1986
两位
资源
2010
差 异[编辑]
划分
从狩猎采
如今,
古代 與 近代 的 狩獵 採集 者 [编辑]
参考 资料[编辑]
- ^ Lee, Richard B.; Daly, Richard Heywood. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Cambridge University Press. 1999: inside front cover. ISBN 978-0521609197.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Stephens, Lucas; Fuller, Dorian; Boivin, Nicole; Rick, Torben; Gauthier, Nicolas; Kay, Andrea; Marwick, Ben; Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda; Barton, C. Michael. Archaeological assessment reveals Earth's early transformation through land use. Science. 2019-08-30, 365 (6456): 897–902. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 31467217. doi:10.1126/science.aax1192. hdl:10150/634688 (
英 语). - ^ Greaves, Russell D.; et al. Economic activities of twenty-first century foraging populations. Why Forage? Hunters and Gatherers in the Twenty-First Century. Santa Fe, Albuquerque: School for Advanced Research, University of New Mexico Press. 2016: 241–262. ISBN 978-0826356963.
- ^ Visualizing Human Geography, Second edition, Alyson L. Greiner
- ^ Binford, Louis. Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 1986, 3: 235–257. doi:10.1016/0278-4165(84)90003-5.
- ^ The Last Rain Forests: A World Conservation Atlas by David Attenborough, Mark Collins
- ^ Gavashelishvili, A.; Tarkhnishvili, D. Biomes and human distribution during the last ice age. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2016, 25 (5): 563. doi:10.1111/geb.12437.
- ^ Groeneveld, Emma. Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Societies. Ancient History Encyclopedia. 9 December 2016 [9 April 2018]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-05-17). - ^ Fagan, B. (1989). People of the Earth, pp. 169–181. Scott, Foresman.
- ^ The forest-garden farms of Kandy, Sri Lanka,
第 1頁 ,載 於Google圖書 - ^ Jared Diamond. Guns, Germs and Steel. London: Vintage. 1998. ISBN 0-09-930278-0.
- ^ Blades, B. End scraper reduction and hunter-gatherer mobility. American Antiquity. 2003, 68 (1): 141–156. JSTOR 3557037. doi:10.2307/3557037.
- ^ Climate Changes in the Holocene: Impacts and Human Adaptation. [2020-07-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-22). - ^ Cooking secrets of the Neolithic era revealed in groundbreaking scientific tests. [2020-07-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-22). - ^ Pringle, Heather. The Brine Revolution. Hakai Magazine (Tula Foundation and Hakai Institute). 22 April 2015 [24 June 2019]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-22). - ^ Widlok, Thomas; Tadesse, Wolde Gossa. Property and Equality. Berghahn Books. 2006: ix–x [6 July 2019]. ISBN 9781845452131 (
英 语). - ^ Lourandos, Harry. Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 24 [6 July 2019]. ISBN 9780521359467 (
英 语). - ^ Fitzhugh, Ben. The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological Evidence from the North Pacific. Springer Science & Business Media. 2003: 4–5. ISBN 9780306478536 (
英 语). - ^ Karen Endicott 1999. "Gender relations in hunter-gatherer societies". In R.B. Lee and R. Daly (eds), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 411–418.
- ^ Cashdan, Elizabeth A. Egalitarianism among Hunters and Gatherers. American Anthropologist. 1980, 82 (1): 116–120. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 676134. doi:10.1525/aa.1980.82.1.02a00100.
- ^ Scott, John; Marshall, Gordon (2007). A Dictionary of Sociology. US: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860987-2.
- ^ Erdal, D.; Whiten, A. On human egalitarianism: an evolutionary product of Machiavellian status escalation?. Current Anthropology. 1994, 35 (2): 175–183. doi:10.1086/204255.
- ^ Erdal, D. and A. Whiten 1996. Egalitarianism and Machiavellian intelligence in human evolution. In P. Mellars and K. Gibson (eds), Modelling the early human mind. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monographs.
- ^ Christopher Boehm (2001). Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 Gowdy, John M. Limited Wants, Unlimited Means: A Reader on Hunter-Gatherer Economics and the Environment. St Louis: Island Press. 1998: 342. ISBN 1-55963-555-X.
- ^ Dahlberg, Frances. Woman the Gatherer. London: Yale University Press. 1975. ISBN 0-300-02989-6.
- ^ Erdal, D. & Whiten, A. (1996) "Egalitarianism and Machiavellian Intelligence in Human Evolution" in Mellars, P. & Gibadfson, K. (eds) Modelling the Early Human Mind. Cambridge MacDonald Monograph Series
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Thomas M. Kiefer. Anthropology E-20. Lecture 8 Subsistence, Ecology and Food production. Harvard University. Spring 2002 [2008-03-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-04-10). - ^ Marlowe, Frank W. Marital residence among foragers. Current Anthropology. 2004, 45 (2): 277–284. doi:10.1086/382256.
- ^ Hawkes, K.; O'Connell, J. F.; Jones, N. G. Blurton; Alvarez, H. P.; Charnov, E. L. Grandmothering, Menopause, and the Evolution of Human Life-Histories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998, 95 (3): 1336–1339 [2020-07-11]. PMC 18762 . PMID 9448332. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-04-28). - ^ Knight, C. 2008. "Early human kinship was matrilineal". In N. J. Allen, H. Callan, R. Dunbar and W. James (eds.), Early Human Kinship. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 61–82.
- ^ Biesele, M. 1993. Women Like Meat. The folklore and foraging ideology of the Kalahari Ju/'hoan. Witwatersrand: University Press.
- ^ Stefan Lovgren. Sex-Based Roles Gave Modern Humans an Edge, Study Says. National Geographic News. December 7, 2006 [2020-07-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-07-15). - ^ Testart, A. 1986. Essai sur les fondements de la division sexuelle du travail chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs. Paris: Éditions de l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.
- ^ Biesele, Megan; Barclay, Steve. Ju/'Hoan Women's Tracking Knowledge And Its Contribution To Their Husbands' Hunting Success. African Study Monographs. March 2001,. Suppl.26: 67–84.
- ^ Bird, Rebecca Bliege; Bird, Douglas W. Why women hunt: risk and contemporary foraging in a Western Desert aboriginal community. Current Anthropology. 2008-08-01, 49 (4): 655–693. ISSN 0011-3204. PMID 19230267. doi:10.1086/587700.
- ^ Sahlins, M. (1968). "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", Man the Hunter. R.B. Lee and I. DeVore (New York: Aldine Publishing Company) pp. 85–89. ISBN 0-202-33032-X. See also: Jerome Lewis, "Managing abundance, not chasing scarcity" 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 May 13, 2013,., Radical Anthropology, No.2, 2008, and John Gowdy, '"Hunter-Gatherers and the Mythology of the Market" (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), in Lee, Richard B (2005). Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. - ^ Sackett, R. 1996. "Time, energy, and the indolent savage. A quantitative cross-cultural test of the primitive affluence hypothesis". Ph.D. diss., University of California, Angles.
- ^ Guenevere, Michael; Kaplan, Hillard. Longevity amongst Hunter-gatherers (PDF). Population and Development Review. 2007, 33 (2): 326 [2020-07-11]. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00171.x. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2017-10-20). - ^ Smith; Alden, Eric; Hill, Kim; Marlowe, Frank W.; Nolin, David; Wiessner, Polly; Gurven, Michael; Bowles, Samuel; Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique; Hertz, Tom; Bell, Adrian. Wealth transmission and inequality among hunter-gatherers. Current Anthropology. 2010, 51 (1): 19–34. doi:10.1086/648530.
- ^ Collard, Mark; Kemery, Michael; Banks, Samantha. Causes of Toolkit Variation Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Test of Four Competing Hypotheses. Canadian Journal of Archaeology. 2005, (29): 1–19.
- ^ Torrence, Robin. Retooling: Towards a behavioral theory of stone tools. Torrence, Robin (编). Time, Energy and Stone Tools. Cambridge University Press. 1989: 57–66 [2020-07-11]. ISBN 978-0521253505. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-22). - ^ Kelly, Robert L. The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Life ways. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. 1995: 31. ISBN 1-56098-465-1.
- ^ Portera, Claire C.; Marlowe, Frank W. How marginal are forager habitats? (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. January 2007, 34 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.014. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2008-02-27). - ^ Lee, Richard B.; Daly, Richard (编). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Cambridge University Press. 1999. ISBN 0-521-60919-4.
- ^ Hayes-Bohanan, Pamela. Birx, H. James , 编. 42: Prehistoric Cultures. 21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook. 2010, 1: 409–418 [2020-07-11]. ISBN 978-1452266305. doi:10.4135/9781412979283.n42. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-04-25) –通 过Gale Virtual Reference Library. - ^ Svizzero, S.; Tisdell, C. The Persistence of Hunting and Gathering Economies. Social Evolution & History. 2015, 14 [2020-07-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-22).
延伸 閱讀[编辑]
- Barnard, A. J., ed. Hunter-gatherers in history, archaeology and anthropology. Berg. 2004 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 1-85973-825-7. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-21). - Bettinger, R. L. Hunter-gatherers: archaeological and evolutionary theory. Plenum Press. 1991 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-306-43650-7. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-21). - Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution. Princeton University Press. 2011 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-691-15125-3. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-05-02). (Reviewed in The Montreal Review (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)) - Brody, Hugh. The Other Side Of Eden: hunter-gatherers, farmers and the shaping of the world. North Point Press. 2001. ISBN 0-571-20502-X.
- Lee, Richard B. and Irven DeVore, eds. Man the hunter. Aldine de Gruyter. 1968 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-202-33032-X. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-04-02). - Meltzer, David J. First peoples in a new world: colonizing ice age America. University of California, Berkeley. 2009 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-520-25052-4. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-10-22). - Morrison, K. D. and L. L. Junker, eds. Forager-traders in South and Southeast Asia: long term histories. Cambridge University Press. 2002 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-521-01636-3. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-21). - Panter-Brick, C., R. H. Layton and P. Rowley-Conwy, eds. Hunter-gatherers: an interdisciplinary perspective. Cambridge University Press. 2001 [2013-10-19]. ISBN 0-521-77672-4. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-10-21). - Turnbull, Colin. The Forest People. Touchstone. 1987. ISBN 978-0-671-64099-6.
外部 連結 [编辑]
- Nature's Secret Larder - Wild Foods & Hunting Tools. (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - A wiki dedicated to the scientific study of the diversity of foraging societies without recreating myths (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Balmer, Yves. Ethnological videos clips. Living or recently extinct traditional tribal groups and their origins. Andaman Association. 2003–2009. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-07-10).