牢ろう

牢ろう U+7262, 牢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7262 ← 牡おす [U+7261] CJK Unified Ideographs 牣 → [U+7263]

牢 U+F946, 牢 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F946 ← 聾 [U+F945] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 磊 → [U+F947]

Translingual

Han character

牢ろう (Kangxi radical 93, 牛うし+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう竹たけ手しゅ (JHQ), four-corner 3050₂, composition ⿱宀牛うし)

Derived characters

• 𠈭 哰 𢚄 𫰴 (⿰女おんな牢ろう) 㟉 𤉍 浶 𢭂 𣒲 𭷡 (⿰牜牢) 𣇟 𥒪 𦰤 𥭲 𦕵 䜮 𨦭 𨌚 𪁔 (𩧷) 𤚧 𫳵 (⿰牢ろう何なん) 𬁖 (⿰星ほし牢ろう) 𣋀 𡫡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 698, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19934
• Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1802, character 6
• Unihan data for U+7262

• Unihan data for U+F946

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牢ろう

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牢ろう
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (牢ろう) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
牢ろう	*ruː
窂	*ruː
哰	*ruː

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛うし (“cow”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): láo (lao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nao²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴
• Jin (Wiktionary): lau¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): lò̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâu / tiâu / láu / lô / lô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lo⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶lau / ²lau
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lau²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: láo
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: láo
    • Wade–Giles: lao²
    • Yale: láu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
    • Palladius: лао (lao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nao²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nau²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lou⁴
    • Yale: lòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lau¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lau¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃o⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
    • Tâi-lô: lâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /tiau²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
    • Tâi-lô: láu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lao
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
    • Tâi-lô: lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: looi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
    • Tâi-lô: lôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴/

Note:

• lâu - vernacular;
• tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗ぞく);
• lô/lô͘ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lo⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lau
    • MiniDict: lau^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɔ²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²lau
    • MiniDict: lau^平ひらた
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /læ²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /lɔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lau²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒu̯¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 牢ろう
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/lau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/lɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/lɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/lau²⁴/
	Xining	/lɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nau²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nau³¹/
	Guiyang	/nao²¹/
	Kunming	/lɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/lɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/lɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/læ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lɜ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/lə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lau¹³/
	Xiangtan	/naɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɑu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lau¹¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lou²¹/
	Nanning	/lu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lou²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lo⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lau³³/ 名な /lau²¹/ 形かたち
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lo⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lau³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: law

Rime
Character	牢ろう
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	來き (37)
Final (韻いん)	豪ごう (89)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	魯刀かたな切きり
Baxter	law
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/
Li Rong	/lɑu/
Wang Li	/lɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牢ろう
Reading #	1/1
No.	7644
Phonetic component	牢ろう
Rime group	幽かそけ
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勞ろう
Old Chinese	/*ruː/

Definitions

牢ろう

1. pen; enclosure

   亡羊ぼうよう補ほ牢ろう，猶なお未み遲おそ也。 [MSC, trad.]
   亡羊ぼうよう补牢ろう，犹未み迟也。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wáng yáng bǔ láo, yóu wèi chí yě. [Pinyin]

   Repairing a sheep pen only after a sheep is lost is not considered tardy.

2. prison; jail

   監かん牢ろう／监牢ろう  ―  jiānláo  ―  prison

3. firm; fast; durable

   牢ろう固かた  ―  láogù  ―  firm; durable

4. dependable; reliable
5. animal used for sacrificing

   太ふとし牢ろう  ―  tàiláo  ―  animal used for sacrificing

6. with grievance and toil

   牢ろう騷／牢ろう骚  ―  láosāo  ―  to be discontented

7. (Northern Wu) indicates continuous aspect

   抱だき牢ろう勿放ひ [Shanghainese]  ―  ⁶bau-lau₆ ⁸veq-faon₅ [Wugniu]  ―  holding on, not letting go

   捏こね牢ろう [Suzhounese]  ―  ⁸gniaq ²lau [Wugniu]  ―  kneading

   伊い吃ども牢ろう我わが。 [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]

   ⁶yi ⁷chiq-lau₆ ⁶ngu [Wugniu]

   He’s staring at me.

8. a surname: Lao

Synonyms

• (pen): 圈けん (juàn)
• (prison):

edit

• 囹圄れいご (língyǔ) (literary)
• 大牢たいろう (dàláo) (archaic)
• 清しん室しつ (qīngshì) (archaic)
• 牢ろう房ぼう (láofáng)
• 牢獄ろうごく／牢ろう狱 (láoyù)
• 班はん房ぼう (bānfáng) (colloquial)
• 監房かんぼう／监房 (jiānfáng)
• 監かん牢ろう／监牢 (jiānláo)
• 監獄かんごく／监狱 (jiānyù)
• 鐵てつ屋や／铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)

 

• (firm):

edit

• 堅固けんご／坚固 (jiāngù)
• 堅實けんじつ／坚实 (jiānshí)
• 堅けん硬かた／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
• 扎實
• 深厚しんこう (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
• 牢固ろうこ (láogù)
• 牢ろう牢ろう (láoláo)
• 牢ろう靠もたれ (láokào)
• 瓷 (cí)
• 穩固／稳固 (wěngù)
• 結實けつじつ／结实
• 緊實／紧实 (jǐnshí)
• 鞏／巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 鞏固きょうこ／巩固 (gǒnggù)

 

• (dependable):

edit

• 信實しんじつ／信しん实 (xìnshí)
• 保險ほけん／保ほ险 (bǎoxiǎn)
• 停とま (tíng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 可か恃 (kěshì) (literary)
• 可か靠もたれ (kěkào)
• 把わ牢ろう (bǎláo) (regional, chiefly in the negative)
• 把わ穩／把わ稳 (bǎwěn) (regional)
• 牢ろう牢ろう (láoláo)
• 牢ろう靠もたれ (láokào)
• 穩妥／稳妥 (wěntuǒ)
• 穩當おんとう／稳当
• 穩陣／稳阵 (wan2 zan6) (Cantonese)

 

• (indicates continuous aspect): (Mandarin, Jin) 著しる／着ちゃく (zhe)

Compounds

• 不ふ牢ろう (bùláo)
• 中ちゅう牢ろう
• 久ひさ慣牢成なり／久ひさ惯牢成なり
• 亡羊ぼうよう補ほ牢ろう／亡羊ぼうよう补牢 (wángyángbǔláo)
• 劫こう牢ろう
• 南みなみ牢ろう
• 吃ども牢ろう
• 命いのち不ふ牢ろう
• 囚しゅう牢ろう (qiúláo)
• 地ち牢ろう (dìláo)
• 坐すわ牢ろう (zuòláo)
• 堅牢けんろう／坚牢 (jiānláo)
• 夜よる役やく軍ぐん牢ろう／夜よる役やく军牢
• 大牢たいろう (dàláo)
• 大發だいはつ牢ろう騷／大だい发牢骚
• 太ふとし牢ろう (tàiláo)
• 天てん牢ろう
• 套牢 (tàoláo)
• 女おんな牢ろう
• 少しょう牢ろう (shàoláo)
• 打だ鳳おおとり牢ろう龍りゅう／打だ凤牢龙
• 抓つめ牢ろう
• 把わ牢ろう (bǎláo)
• 押牢
• 拖牢洞ほら
• 持もち牢ろう
• 搜さがせ牢ろう
• 提ひさげ牢ろう
• 提ひさげ牢ろう官かん
• 死し囚しゅう牢ろう
• 滿まん肚牢騷／满肚牢ろう骚
• 滿腹まんぷく牢ろう騷／满腹牢ろう骚
• 牛うし驥共牢ろう／牛うし骥共牢ろう
• 牢ろう不可ふか拔
• 牢ろう不可ふか破やぶ (láobùkěpò)
• 牢ろう九きゅう
• 牢固ろうこ (láogù)
• 牢ろう城じょう
• 牢ろう子こ
• 牢ろう定じょう
• 牢ろう愁
• 牢ろう成なり
• 牢ろう成久なりひさ慣／牢ろう成久なりひさ惯
• 牢ろう房ぼう (láofáng)
• 牢ろう拴
• 牢ろう牢ろう (láoláo)
• 牢獄ろうごく／牢ろう狱 (láoyù)
• 牢獄ろうごく之の災わざわい／牢ろう狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
• 牢ろう盆ぼん
• 牢ろう眼め
• 牢ろう穩／牢ろう稳
• 牢ろう籠かご／牢ろう笼 (láolóng)
• 牢ろう籠かご計けい／牢ろう笼计
• 牢ろう落
• 牢ろう角かく底そこ
• 牢記ろうき／牢ろう记 (láojì)
• 牢ろう醴
• 牢ろう靠もたれ (láokào)
• 牢ろう頭あたま／牢ろう头 (láotóu)
• 牢ろう頭あたま禁きん子こ／牢ろう头禁子こ
• 牢ろう飯めし／牢ろう饭 (láofàn)
• 牢ろう騷／牢ろう骚 (láosāo)
• 牢ろう騷滿腹まんぷく／牢ろう骚满腹はら
• 畫が地ち為ため牢ろう／画が地ち为牢
• 當とう牢ろう節ぶし級きゅう／当とう牢ろう节级
• 發はつ牢ろう騷／发牢骚 (fā láosāo)
• 皋牢
• 監かん牢ろう／监牢 (jiānláo)
• 蒲かば牢ろう (púláo)
• 虎とら牢ろう關せき／虎とら牢ろう关 (Hǔláo Guān)
• 軋きし牢ろう／轧牢
• 軍ぐん牢ろう／军牢
• 軍ぐん牢ろう快かい手て／军牢快かい手て
• 顧犬補ほ牢ろう／顾犬补牢
• 餼牢／饩牢

 

Descendants

• → Manchu: ᠯᠣᠣ (loo)
  • → Solon: lō
• → Zhuang: lauz
• → Vietnamese: rào

Japanese

Alternative forms

• 籠かご

Kanji

牢ろう

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. prison
2. stable, pen
3. secure

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 牢ろう)、かたい (katai, 牢ろうい)

Compounds

Compounds

• 牢ろう(ろう)獄ごく(ごく) (rōgoku)
• 牢ろう(ろう)屋や(や) (rōya)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
牢ろう
ろう Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 牢ろう (MC law).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ろー [róꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ː]

Noun

牢ろう(ろう) • (rō) ^{←らう (rau)?}

1. prison

   Synonyms: 監獄かんごく (kangoku), 牢屋ろうや (rōya), 牢獄ろうごく (rōgoku)

Korean

Hanja

牢ろう • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

牢ろう

(Hyōgai kanji)

Compounds

• 牢ろう(るー)屋や(や) (rūya, “prison”)

Noun

牢ろう(るー) (rū) 

1. prison

   Synonyms: 監獄かんごく (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋ろうや (るーや, rūya)

References

• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立こくりつ国語こくご研究所けんきゅうじょ) (1963) 沖縄おきなわ語ご辞典じてん (Okinawa-go Jiten) (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京とうきょう): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省ざいむしょう印刷いんさつ局きょく)

Vietnamese

Han character

牢ろう: Hán Nôm readings: lao, lào, sao, sau

1. chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”).
2. Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”).
3. Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”).
4. Nôm form of rao (“to announce”).
5. Nôm form of sao (“why, how”).
6. Nôm form of sao (“star”).
7. Nôm form of sau (“after”).
8. Nôm form of trau (“to polish”).