竟然

Chinese

		unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (竟然)		竟	然しか
simp. #(竟然)		竟	然しか

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìngrán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging² jin⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kèng-liân / kèng-jiân / kéng-jiân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng² riang⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìngrán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìngrán
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴-jan²
    • Yale: jìng-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqran
    • Palladius: цзинжань (czinžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging² jin⁴
    • Yale: gíng yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging² jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging² yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵ jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-liân
    • Tâi-lô: kìng-liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keanglieen
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-jiân
    • Tâi-lô: kìng-jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keangjieen
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ziɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ziɛn²³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-jiân
    • Tâi-lô: kíng-jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefngjieen
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɛn²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gêng² riang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng jiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

竟然

1. unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly

   他た竟然說せつ出で這樣的てき話はなし來き傷きず母親ははおや的てき心しん。 [MSC, trad.]
   他た竟然说出这样的てき话来き伤母はは亲的てき心しん。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā jìngrán shuōchū zhèyàng de huà lái shāng mǔqīn de xīn. [Pinyin]

   I can't believe he should say such things to hurt his mother.

   沒ぼつ想到そうとう短たん短たん一いち個こ月つき，他た的てき廚藝竟然已やめ進步しんぽ到いた這個境界きょうかい！ [MSC, trad.]
   没ぼつ想到そうとう短たん短たん一いち个月つき，他た的てき厨くりや艺竟然已やめ进步到いた这个境界きょうかい！ [MSC, simp.]

   Méi xiǎngdào duǎnduǎn yīge yuè, tā de chúyì jìngrán yǐ jìnbù dào zhège jìngjiè! [Pinyin]

   Who would have thought that in a short little month, his cooking would have improved to this extent!

2. (archaic) finally

Synonyms

• (unexpectedly):

edit

• 先さき勿先 (Wu)
• 出で乎意料りょう地ち (chūhūyìliào de)
• 居然きょぜん (jūrán)
• 煞 (Hokkien)
• 硬かた敢 (Liuzhou)
• 竟 (jìng)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 居然きょぜん (“unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		居然きょぜん, 竟然, 竟
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	居然きょぜん, 竟然
	Singapore	竟然
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	敢, 硬かた敢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	居然きょぜん
Cantonese	Guangzhou	竟然
	Hong Kong	竟然, 居然きょぜん, 竟然間あいだ
Southern Min	Xiamen	煞, 竟然
	Quanzhou	煞, 竟然
	Zhangzhou	煞, 竟然
	Tainan	煞, 竟然
	Jieyang	夰, 紲きずな, 一いち回かい, 落, 敢敢
Wu	Shanghai	居然きょぜん, 竟然, 竟, 先さき勿先, 伊い講こう