購

See also: 购

購	U+8CFC, 購 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CFC

← 賻
[U+8CFB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賽さい →
[U+8CFD]

Translingual

Han character

購 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝かい+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月つき金きん廿にじゅう廿にじゅう月がつ (BCTTB), four-corner 6585₇, composition ⿰貝かい冓)

Derived characters

𧃛

Related characters

购 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1211, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36885
Dae Jaweon: page 1677, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3654, character 2
Unihan data for U+8CFC

Chinese

trad.		購
simp.		购
alternative forms		𧵈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
溝みぞ	*koː
篝かがり	*koː
鞲	*koː
韝	koː, kʰoː
褠	*koː
冓	koː, koːs
構	*koːs
購	*koːs
媾	*koːs
覯	*koːs
遘	koːs, koːs
煹	*koːs
搆	*koːs
講こう	*kroːŋʔ
耩	*kroːŋʔ
傋	kroːŋʔ, qʰroːŋʔ
斠	*kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *koːs) : semantic 貝かい (“shellfish”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³ / gau³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kieu
Eastern Min (BUC): gáiu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kò͘ / kiò / kio / káng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵keu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
  - Wade–Giles: kou⁴
  - Yale: gòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
  - Palladius: гоу (gou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kau³ / gau³
  - Yale: kau / gau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau³ / gau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo³ / geo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kɐu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kieu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gieu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gieu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kox
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
  - Tâi-lô: kiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio
  - Tâi-lô: kio
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng
  - Tâi-lô: káng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁵³/

Note: kio/káng - colloquial variants.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵keu
  - MiniDict: keu^去さ
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²keu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kuwH

Rime
Character	購
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	古ふる候こう切きり
Baxter	kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw^H/
Li Rong	/ku^H/
Wang Li	/kəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤ(r)o-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	購
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁ(r)o-s/
English	present (v.), give
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	購
Reading #	1/1
No.	4192
Phonetic component	冓
Rime group	侯ほう
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遘
Old Chinese	/*koːs/

Definitions

購

to buy; to purchase
(literary) to offer an award (e.g. for the capture of a criminal)
(literary) to hire

Synonyms

(to buy): 買かい／买 (mǎi)
(to offer an award): 懸賞けんしょう／悬赏 (xuánshǎng)

Compounds

References

“購”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	購
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]^[3]	購󠄂 購+`󠄂`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	購󠄄 購+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

購

(Jōyō kanji)

to buy, to purchase

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
Kun: あがう (agau, 購あがなう)^{←あがふ (agafu, 購ふ, historical)}; あがなう (aganau, 購あがなう)^{←あがなふ (aganafu, 購ふ, historical)}

References

^ “購”, in 漢字かんじぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和かんわ大だい辞書じしょ [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2033 (paper), page 1068 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新しん漢和かんわ辞典じてん [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1164 (paper), page 595 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

購 • (gu) (hangeul 구)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

購: Hán Nôm readings: cấu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “購”, in 漢字かんじぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[2] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和かんわ大だい辞書じしょ [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2033 (paper), page 1068 (digital)

[3] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新しん漢和かんわ辞典じてん [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1164 (paper), page 595 (digital)

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