凸とつ

See also: 凹

凸とつ	U+51F8, 凸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51F8

← 凷
[U+51F7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凹 →
[U+51F9]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

凸とつ (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月つき尸しかばね尸しかばね (BSS), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵⿰⿳丨一いち丨㇎一いち)

Derived characters

𠱂, 𢫋, 𫥷

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1809
Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 307, character 6
Unihan data for U+51F8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		凸とつ

Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) .

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 突?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tū, tú, dié, gǔ (tu¹, tu², die², gu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ, ㄊㄨˊ, ㄉㄧㄝˊ, ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍t
Eastern Min (BUC): tū / dŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t / thu̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): dug⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tū
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tu
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu¹
  - Yale: tū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tu
  - Palladius: ту (tu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tú
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tú
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu²
  - Yale: tú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
  - Palladius: ту (tu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dié
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dié
  - Wade–Giles: tieh²
  - Yale: dyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
  - Palladius: де (de)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, historical variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ku³
  - Yale: gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dat⁶
  - Yale: daht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: tud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tū / dŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³³/, /touʔ⁵/

Note:

tū - colloquial;
dŏk - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: tu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dut
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: thu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dug⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: dwot, det

Rime
Character	凸とつ	凸とつ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	定じょう (7)	定じょう (7)
Final (韻いん)	沒ぼつ (56)	屑くず (87)
Tone (調しらべ)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I	IV
Fanqie	陀骨ほね切きり	徒と結ゆい切きり
Baxter	dwot	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duot̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/duət̚/	/diet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuət̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	deot⁶	dit⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*dɯːd/, /*duːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凸とつ	凸とつ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12482	12483
Phonetic component	凸とつ	凸とつ
Rime group	物もの	物もの
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	姪めい	突
Old Chinese	/*dɯːd/	/*duːd/
Notes		突晚ばん起おこり分ぶん化か字じ

Definitions

凸とつ

convex
to protrude; to stick out

Synonyms

(to protrude):

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “convex”): 凹 (āo, “concave”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

凸とつ

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: とち (tochi)
Kan-on: とつ (totsu, Jōyō)
Kun: でこ (deko, 凸とつ); つばくむ (tsubakumu, 凸とつむ)

Compounds

凹(おう)凸とつ(とつ) (ōtotsu): bumpy, uneven
凸とつ(でこ)凹(ぼこ) (dekoboko): bumpy, uneven
凸とつ(とっ)版はん(ぱん) (toppan): letterpress, relief printing

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とつ [tóꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞t͡sɨ]

Adjective

凸とつ(とつ) • (totsu) -na (adnominal 凸とつ(とつ)な (totsu na), adverbial 凸とつ(とつ)に (totsu ni))

convex

Inflection

Inflection of 凸とつ

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた)	凸とつだろ	とつだろ	totsu daro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい)	凸とつで	とつで	totsu de
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた)	凸とつだ	とつだ	totsu da
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた)	凸とつな	とつな	totsu na
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた)	凸とつなら	とつなら	totsu nara
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた)	凸とつであれ	とつであれ	totsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	凸とつではない凸とつじゃない	とつではないとつじゃない	totsu de wa nai totsu ja nai
Informal past	凸とつだった	とつだった	totsu datta
Informal negative past	凸とつではなかった凸とつじゃなかった	とつではなかったとつじゃなかった	totsu de wa nakatta totsu ja nakatta
Formal	凸とつです	とつです	totsu desu
Formal negative	凸とつではありません凸とつじゃありません	とつではありませんとつじゃありません	totsu de wa arimasen totsu ja arimasen
Formal past	凸とつでした	とつでした	totsu deshita
Formal negative past	凸とつではありませんでした凸とつじゃありませんでした	とつではありませんでしたとつじゃありませんでした	totsu de wa arimasen deshita totsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	凸とつで	とつで	totsu de
Conditional	凸とつなら（ば）	とつなら（ば）	totsu nara (ba)
Provisional	凸とつだったら	とつだったら	totsu dattara
Volitional	凸とつだろう	とつだろう	totsu darō
Adverbial	凸とつに	とつに	totsu ni
Degree	凸とつさ	とつさ	totsusa

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
凸とつ
でこ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 凸とつ – see the following entry.

【でこ】	[noun] 凸とつ: forehead

(This term, 凸とつ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

凸とつ (eumhun 볼록하다 철 (bollokhada cheol))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.