曲きょく

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See also: 麹こうじ, 麯, 典てん, and 麴
曲きょく U+66F2, 曲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F2
← 曱
[U+66F1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曳 →
[U+66F3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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曲きょく (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿にじゅう田た (TW) or 廿にじゅう月がつ金きん (TBC) or 難なん廿にじゅう田た (XTW), four-corner 55600, composition ⿻曰⿰丨丨)

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1484, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+66F2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 曲きょく
alternative forms 𠚖
𡆪
⿱ 丷 𡆪

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 曲きょく
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事しじ) – a bent object.

Also simplified from 麴 via the variant character 麯／曲きょく.

Etymology 1

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used in names of rivers
From Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “river”).
to bend, bent, curved, crooked, wrong
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/ʔ)uk (“bend, crooked, return, back, year”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འགུགས ('gugs, “to bend”), Burmese ကောက် (kauk, “bent, curved, crooked”) (Hill, 2019). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *gɔk (“be crooked, bent, lame”) (Schuessler, 2007).
mocking; ridiculing
From 曲線きょくせん／曲きょく线 (qūxiàn).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • ké̤ṳk - literary;
  • kuóh - vernacular.
Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek/khak - vernacular;
  • khiau - 蹺 used in the Mainland.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曲きょく
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折おり
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大だい～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌うた～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰœyʔ²³/
/kʰwoʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xok̚⁵/ ～調ちょう
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん) 燭しょく (8)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 丘おか玉たま切きり
Baxter khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component 		曲きょく
Rime
group 		屋や
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		曲きょく
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoɡ/
Definitions
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曲きょく

Wikipedia has articles on:
  1. not straight; bent
    1. twisting
    2. curved
      曲きょく線せん／曲きょく线  ―  qūxiàn  ―  curve
    3. crooked
  2. wrong; not right
  3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly Internet slang) mocking; ridiculing
  4. a surname
  5. Used in names of rivers in Tibet and surrounding regions.
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Note:
  • ké̤ṳk - literary;
  • kuóh - vernacular.
Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 曲きょく
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折おり
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大だい～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌うた～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰœyʔ²³/
/kʰwoʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xok̚⁵/ ～調ちょう
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん) 燭しょく (8)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 丘おか玉たま切きり
Baxter khjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲きょく
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component 		曲きょく
Rime
group 		屋や
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		曲きょく
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoɡ/
Definitions
[edit]

曲きょく

  1. song
    歌うた曲きょく  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song
    曲きょく調しらべ／曲きょく调  ―  qǔdiào  ―  melody
  2. Qu (poetry)

Synonyms

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  • (song):
edit
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 曲きょく – see 麴 (“yeast; leaven; wine; alcoholic beverage; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 麴).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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曲きょく

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. song, melody, composition
  2. bent, curve
  3. to turn, to twist
  4. crooked

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds


Kanji in this term
曲きょく
きょく
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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曲きょく(きょく) • (kyoku) 

  1. a piece of music

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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曲きょく (eumhun 굽을 곡 (gubeul gok))

  1. hanja form? of 곡 (“bent; twisted; curved”)
  2. hanja form? of 곡 (“a piece of music; tune”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Vietnamese

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Han character

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曲きょく: Hán Việt readings: khúc (丘おか(khâu)六ろく(lục)切きり(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
曲きょく: Nôm readings: khúc[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of khúc (“bent; curved”).
  2. chữ Hán form of khúc (“piece; section; chunk; tune; song”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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