菩

菩 U+83E9, 菩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83E9 ← 菨 [U+83E8] CJK Unified Ideographs 菪 → [U+83EA]

Translingual

Han character

菩 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸そうこう+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿にじゅう卜ぼく廿にじゅう口こう (TYTR), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱艹咅)

Derived characters

• 𬈸, 𠟌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1038, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31205
• Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3238, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83E9

Chinese

trad.		菩
simp. #		菩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蓓	*bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ
倍ばい	*bɯːʔ
菩	*bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ
掊	*bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ
剖	*pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ
婄	*pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː
踣	*pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ
箁	*bɯ
咅	*pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs
部ぶ	*boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ
培つちかえ	*boːʔ, *bɯː
犃	*boːʔ
瓿	*boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo
殕	*pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ
醅	*pʰɯ, *pʰɯː
棓	*bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː
涪	*bɯ
賠	*bɯː
陪	*bɯː
毰	*bɯː
焙あぶ	*bɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
    • Wade–Giles: pei⁴
    • Yale: bèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
    • Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bojX, bjuwX, bok

Rime
Character	菩	菩	菩
Reading #	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲こえ)	並なみ (3)	並なみ (3)	並なみ (3)
Final (韻いん)	咍 (41)	尤ゆう (136)	德とく (131)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I	III	I
Fanqie	薄うすき亥い切きり	房ぼう久ひさ切きり	蒲がま北きた切きり
Baxter	bojX	bjuwX	bok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʌiX/	/bɨuX/	/bək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bəiX/	/biuX/	/bək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bɒiX/	/biəuX/	/bək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəjX/	/buwX/	/bək̚/
Li Rong	/bᴀiX/	/biuX/	/bək̚/
Wang Li	/bɒiX/	/bĭəuX/	/bək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑ̆iX/	/bʱi̯ə̯uX/	/bʱək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bài	fòu	bó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	boi6	fau6	bak6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːʔ/, /*bɯʔ/, /*bɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菩	菩	菩
Reading #	1/4	2/4	4/4
No.	9838	9859	9875
Phonetic component	咅	咅	咅
Rime group	之これ	之これ	職しょく
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	倍ばい	婦ふ	菔
Old Chinese	/*bɯːʔ/	/*bɯʔ/	/*bɯːɡ/

Definitions

菩

1. a kind of herb

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bó (bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Definitions

菩

1. Only used in 麻あさ菩楊／麻あさ菩杨.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pú (pu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): pu²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phù

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pu²

• Eastern Min (BUC): bù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pú
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu²
    • Yale: pú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pu²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pou⁴
    • Yale: pòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: pu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù
    • Hakka Romanization System: puˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pu²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
    • Tâi-lô: phôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: pu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bu

Rime
Character	菩
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲こえ)	並なみ (3)
Final (韻いん)	模も (23)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	薄うすき胡えびす切きり
Baxter	bu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/
Li Rong	/bo/
Wang Li	/bu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菩
Reading #	3/4
No.	9861
Phonetic component	咅
Rime group	之これ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	酺
Old Chinese	/*bɯː/
Notes	中なか古ふる梵譯わけbo

Definitions

菩

1. Used in 菩提ぼだい (pútí).
2. Used in 菩薩ぼさつ／菩萨 (púsà).

References

• “菩”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

菩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. a kind of grass
2. sacred tree

Readings

• Go-on: ばい (bai); ぶ (bu); ぼく (boku)
• Kan-on: はい (hai); ふう (fū); ほ (ho); ほく (hoku)
• Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo)
• Kun: ほとけぐさ (hotokegusa, 菩)

Compounds

Compounds

• 菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (bosatsu)
• 菩(ぼ)提ひさげ(だい) (bodai)
• 菩多尼あま訶(ボタニカ)経けい(きょう) (Botanika-kyō)
• 三さん(さん)菩(ぼ)提ひさげ(だい) (sanbodai), 三さん藐(さんみゃく)三さん(さん)菩(ぼ)提ひさげ(だい) (sanmyaku sanbodai)
• 須(しゅ)菩(ぼ)提ひさげ(だい) (Shubodai)

Korean

Hanja

菩 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 菩 (MC bu).

Phonogram

菩 (po₁)

1. Denotes phonographic syllable po₁.

Further reading

• Miyake (2003) p. 254

Vietnamese

Han character

菩: Hán Nôm readings: bồ, mồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.