铊
鉈(拼音:tā,
鉈在氧化
性質
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鉈
同位 素
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鉈
204Tl(
202Tl(
201Tl(
208Tl(
化學 性質
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鉈的
氧化
化合 物
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鉈(III)
编辑鉈(III)
鉈(I)
编辑鹵化鉈(I)穩定
有機 鉈化合 物
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鉈的
歷史
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1861
鉈一
存 量 及生產
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鉈在
鉈也
鉈是
應用
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已 淘汰 的 用途
编辑
光學
编辑
溴化亚铊
電子
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高溫 超 導
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醫學
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鉈負荷 測 試
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鉈
其他用途
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一種汞鉈合金在鉈含量為8.5%
碘化鉈可以
毒性 及污染
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鉈及其
參考 資料
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- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (
英 语). - ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2011-03-03., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. - ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Chemical fact sheet — Thallium. Spectrum Laboratories. April 2001 [2008-02-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-02-21). - ^ Hasan, Heather. The Boron Elements: Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium. Rosen Publishing Group. 2009: 14. ISBN 978-1-4358-5333-1.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Thallium. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 892–893. ISBN 3-11-007511-3 (
德 语). - ^ Kean, Sam. The Disappearing Spoon (and other true tales of madness, love, and the history of the world from the Periodic Table of Elements). New York/Boston: Back Bay Books. 2011: 158–160. ISBN 978-0-316-051637.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Audi, Georges; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A.H. The NUBASE Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties. Nuclear Physics A (Atomic Mass Data Center). 2003, 729 (1): 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- ^ Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2003 [2010-05-13]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2011-05-21). - ^ Thallium Research. United States Department of Energy. [2010-05-13]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-04-13). - ^ Maddahi, Jamshid; Berman, Daniel. Detection, Evaluation, and Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Disease by Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy 155. Cardiac SPECT imaging 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001: 155–178. ISBN 978-0-7817-2007-6.
- ^ Crookes, William. On Thallium. The Journal of the Chemical Society, London (Harrison & Sons). 1864, XVII: 112–152 [January 13, 2012]. doi:10.1039/js8641700112. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-07-01). - ^ Andrew, L.; Wang, X. Infrared Spectra of Thallium Hydrides in Solid Neon, Hydrogen, and Argon. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2004, 108 (16): 3396–3402. Bibcode:2004JPCA..108.3396W. doi:10.1021/jp0498973.
- ^ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997,
第 239頁 . - ^ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997,
第 254頁 . - ^ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997,
第 241頁 . - ^ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997,
第 246–7頁 . - ^ Siidra, Oleg I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Krivovichev, Sergey V. Hydroxocentered [(OH)Tl
3]2+
triangle as a building unit in thallium compounds: synthesis and crystal structure of Tl
4(OH)
2CO
3. Z. Kristallogr. 2009, 224 (12): 563–567. Bibcode:2009ZK....224..563S. doi:10.1524/zkri.2009.1213. - ^ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997,
第 262–4頁 . - ^ * (1861
年 3月 30日 )Crookes, William "On the existence of a new element, probably of the sulphur group," Chemical News, vol. 3, pp. 193–194 (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆); reprinted in: XLVI. On the existence of a new element, probably of the sulphur group. Philosophical Magazine. April 1861, 21 (140): 301–305 [2014-03-21]. (原始 内容 存 档于2014-07-01).;- (1861
年 5月 18日 )Crookes, William "Further remarks on the supposed new metalloid," Chemical News, vol. 3, p. 303 (页面存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆). - (1862
年 6月 19日 )Crookes, William "Preliminary researches on thallium," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. 12, pages 150–159. - (1862
年 5月 16日 )Lamy, A. "De l'existencè d'un nouveau métal, le thallium," Comptes Rendus, vol. 54, pages 1255–1262 Portuguese Web Archive的 存 檔,存 档日期 2016-05-15.
- (1861
- ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira. The discovery of the elements. XIII. Supplementary note on the discovery of thallium. Journal of Chemical Education. 1932, 9 (12): 2078. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.2078W. doi:10.1021/ed009p2078.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert (eds.) "θαλλος 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2016-04-15.", in A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford University Press. - ^ G. Kirchhoff, R. Bunsen. Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 1861, 189 (7): 337–381. Bibcode:1861AnP...189..337K. doi:10.1002/andp.18611890702.
- ^ Crookes, William. Preliminary Researches on Thallium. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,. 1862–1863, 12 (0): 150–159. JSTOR 112218. doi:10.1098/rspl.1862.0030.
- ^ Crookes, William. On Thallium. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,. 1863, 153 (0): 173–192. JSTOR 108794. doi:10.1098/rstl.1863.0009.
- ^ DeKosky, Robert K. Spectroscopy and the Elements in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Work of Sir William Crookes. The British Journal for the History of Science. 1973, 6 (4): 400–423. JSTOR 4025503. doi:10.1017/S0007087400012553.
- ^ Lamy, Claude-Auguste. De l'existencè d'un nouveau métal, le thallium. Comptes Rendus. 1862, 54: 1255–1262 [2014-03-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-05-15). - ^ James, Frank A. J. L. Of 'Medals and Muddles' the Context of the Discovery of Thallium: William Crookes's Early. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 1984, 39 (1): 65–90. JSTOR 531576. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1984.0005.
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Emsley, John. Thallium. The Elements of Murder: A History of Poison. Oxford University Press. 2006: 326–327. ISBN 978-0-19-280600-0.
- ^ 29.0 29.1 Staff of the Nonferrous Metals Division. Thallium. Minerals yearbook metals, minerals, and fuels 1. United States Geological Survey. 1972: 1358 [2014-03-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-03-22). - ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Guberman, David E. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010: Thallium (PDF). United States Geological Survey. [2010-05-13]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2010-07-15). - ^ Zitko, V.; Carson, W. V.; Carson, W. G. Thallium: Occurrence in the environment and toxicity to fish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Springer Nature). 1975, 13 (1): 23–30. ISSN 0007-4861. doi:10.1007/bf01684859.
- ^ 32.0 32.1 Peter, A; Viraraghavan, T. Thallium: a review of public health and environmental concerns. Environment International. 2005, 31 (4): 493–501. PMID 15788190. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.003.
- ^ Shaw, D. The geochemistry of thallium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1952, 2 (2): 118–154. Bibcode:1952GeCoA...2..118S. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(52)90003-3.
- ^ 34.0 34.1 Downs, Anthony John. Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. Springer. 1993: 90 and 106. ISBN 978-0-7514-0103-5.
- ^ Rehkamper, M; Nielsen, Sune G. The mass balance of dissolved thallium in the oceans. Marine Chemistry. 2004, 85 (3–4): 125–139. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2003.09.006.
- ^ Jankovic, S. The Allchar Tl–As–Sb deposit, Yugoslavia and its specific metallogenic features. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1988, 271 (2): 286. Bibcode:1988NIMPA.271..286J. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(88)90170-2.
- ^ Smith, Gerald R. Mineral commodity summaries 1996: Thallium (PDF). United States Geological Survey. [2010-05-13]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2010-05-29). - ^ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Hammond, C. R. The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition. CRC press. 2004. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7.
- ^ Percival, G. H. The Treatment of Ringworm of The Scalp with Thallium Acetate. British Journal of Dermatology. 1930, 42 (2): 59–69. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1930.tb09395.x.
- ^ Galvanarzate, S; Santamarı́a, A. Thallium toxicity. Toxicology Letters. 1998, 99 (1): 1–13. PMID 9801025. doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00126-X.
- ^ Rodney, William S.; Malitson, Irving H. Refraction and Dispersion of Thallium Bromide Iodide. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 1956, 46 (11): 338–346. doi:10.1364/JOSA.46.000956.
- ^ Kokorina, Valentina F. Glasses for infrared optics. CRC Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8493-3785-7.
- ^ Nayer, P. S, Hamilton, O. Thallium selenide infrared detector. Appl. Opt. 1977, 16 (11): 2942. Bibcode:1977ApOpt..16.2942N. doi:10.1364/AO.16.002942.
- ^ Hofstadter, Robert. The Detection of Gamma-Rays with Thallium-Activated Sodium Iodide Crystals. Physical Review. 1949, 75 (5): 796–810. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75..796H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.796.
- ^ Sheng, Z. Z.; Hermann A. M. Bulk superconductivity at 120 K in the Tl–Ca/Ba–Cu–O system. Nature. 1988, 332 (6160): 138–139. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..138S. doi:10.1038/332138a0.
- ^ Jia, Y. X.; Lee, C. S.; Zettl, A. Stabilization of the Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 superconductor by Hg doping. Physica C. 1994, 234 (1–2): 24–28. Bibcode:1994PhyC..234...24J. doi:10.1016/0921-4534(94)90049-3.
- ^ Jain, Diwakar; Zaret, Barry L. Nuclear imaging in cardiovascular medicine. Clive Rosendorff (编). Essential cardiology: principles and practice 2. Humana Press. 2005: 221–222. ISBN 978-1-58829-370-1.
- ^ Lagunas-Solar, M. C.; Little, F. E.; Goodart, C. D. An integrally shielded transportable generator system for thallium-201 production. International Journal of Applied Radiation Isotopes. 1982, 33 (12): 1439–1443 [2014-03-21]. PMID 7169272. doi:10.1016/0020-708X(82)90183-1. (
原始 内容 存 档于2007-10-12). - ^ Thallium-201 production 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2006-09-13. from Harvard Medical School's Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine - ^ Lebowitz, E.; Greene, M. W.; Fairchild, R.; Bradley-Moore, P. R.; Atkins, H. L.; Ansari, A. N.; Richards, P.; Belgrave, E. Thallium-201 for medical use. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1975, 16 (2): 151–5 [2014-03-21]. PMID 1110421. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-10-11). - ^ 51.0 51.1 Taylor, George J. Primary care cardiology. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004: 100. ISBN 1-4051-0386-8.
- ^ Akinpelu, David. Pharmacologic Stress Testing. Medscape. [2014-03-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-03-22). - ^ Taylor, Edward Curtis; McKillop, Alexander. Thallium in organic synthesis. Accounts of Chemical Research. 1970, 3 (10): 956–960. doi:10.1021/ar50034a003.
- ^ Pecht, Michael. Integrated circuit, hybrid, and multichip module package design guidelines: a focus on reliability. 1994-03-01: 113–115 [2014-03-21]. ISBN 978-0-471-59446-8. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-07-01). - ^ Jahns, R. H. Clerici solution for the specific gravity determination of small mineral grains (PDF). American mineralogist. 1939, 24: 116 [2014-03-21]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2012-07-24). - ^ Peter G. Read. Gemmology. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1999: 63–64. ISBN 0-7506-4411-7.
- ^ Reiling, Gilbert H. Characteristics of Mercury Vapor-Metallic Iodide Arc Lamps. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 1964, 54 (4): 532. doi:10.1364/JOSA.54.000532.
- ^ Gallo, C. F. The Effect of Thallium Iodide on the Arc Temperature of Hg Discharges. Applied Optics. 1967, 6 (9): 1563–5. Bibcode:1967ApOpt...6.1563G. PMID 20062260. doi:10.1364/AO.6.001563.
- ^ Wilford, John Noble. UNDERSEA QUEST FOR GIANT SQUIDS AND RARE SHARKS. 1987-08-11 [2014-03-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-03-30). - ^ A 15-year-old case yields a timely clue in deadly thallium poisoning (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆). NJ.com (2011-02-13). Retrieved on 2013-09-03. - ^ Chemical Sampling Information | Thallium, soluble compounds (as Tl) (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆). Osha.gov. Retrieved on 2013-09-05. - ^ Safety and Health Topics | Surface Contamination (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆). Osha.gov. Retrieved on 2013-09-05. - ^ Biology of Thallium. webelemnts. [2008-11-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-04-10). - ^ Yang, Yongsheng; Faustino, Patrick J.; Progar, Joseph J.; et al. Quantitative determination of thallium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2008, 353 (1–2): 187–194. PMID 18226478. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.031.
- ^ Prussian blue fact sheet 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2013-10-20.. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - ^ Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Lambrecht, Guy L. Y.; Zandijk, Erik; Demedts, Paul A.; Neels, Hugo M.; Lambert, Willy; De Leenheer, André P.; Lins, Robert L.; Daelemans, Ronny;. Treatment of Severe Thallium Intoxication. Clinical Toxicology. 1997, 35 (1): 97–100. PMID 9022660. doi:10.3109/15563659709001173.
- ^ Factsheet on: Thallium (PDF). US Environmental Protection Agency. [2009-09-15]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2012-01-11).
延伸 阅读
编辑
- Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
外部 連結
编辑
元素 铊在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 紹(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 铊(
英文 ) 元素 铊在 The Periodic Table of Videos(諾 丁 漢 大學 )的 介 紹(英文 )元素 铊在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 紹(英文 )- WebElements.com – 铊(
英文 ) - Toxicity, thallium (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - NLM hazardous substances databank – Thallium, elemental (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - ATSDR – ToxFAQs
- CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)