铱
銥(拼音:yī,
1803
雖然銥可以
銥在
性質
编辑
物理 性質
编辑
銥屬於鉑系
銥的
銥的
化學 性質
编辑
銥是
化合 物
编辑
氧化 | |
---|---|
−3 | [Ir(CO) 3]3− |
−1 | [Ir(CO) 3(PPh 3)]- |
0 | Ir 4(CO) 12 |
+1 | [Ir(CO)Cl(PPh 3) 2] |
+2 | IrCp 2 |
+3 | IrCl 3 |
+4 | IrO 2 |
+5 | Ir 4F 20 |
+6 | IrF 6 |
+7 | [( -O 2)IrO 2]+ |
+8 | IrO 4 |
+9 | [IrO 4]+ [2] |
銥的氧化
6
2MgIrO
6及Sr
2CaIrO
6。[4][14]2009
4)。
4,它以气态
2)
2。[12]其他
3
2IrO
3
3。
xH
y
5
6
6Ir
2H
11
5以及含18
4
銥並
3。[4]氧化
6)
4)。[4]五氟化銥的特性相似,
4F
20,
2IrCl
6)及其銨鹽。[19]銥的
6
6,且該
3)
2O
3溶於氫氯
4)
3IrCl
6)。三價銥配合物具
銥的
4(CO)
12)
6H
5)
3]
2),它會
2
同位 素
编辑
銥有
銥
歷史
编辑
銥的
1803
2[IrCl
6]·nH
2O)。[32]銥的
1813
2
2。[5]
銥如此難熔化
1957
存 量
编辑
銥是
銥在
2)。這些
白堊 紀 ﹣第 三紀 界線
编辑
6600
生產
编辑
2001 | 2.6 | 415.25 |
2002 | 2.5 | 294.62 |
2003 | 3.3 | 93.02 |
2004 | 3.60 | 185.33 |
2005 | 3.86 | 169.51 |
2006 | 4.08 | 349.45 |
2007 | 3.70 | 444.43 |
2008 | 3.10 | 448.34 |
2009 | 2.52 | 420.4 |
2010 | 10.40 | 642.15 |
銥是鎳
4)
2IrCl
6沉澱,
6萃取
應用
编辑
銥的需求
工業 及醫學
编辑
銥的
銥的
銥也
Cativa催化
科學
编辑
1889
銥還
碳-氫鍵
銥
銥可以
已 淘汰 的 用途
编辑
銥﹣鋨合
銥﹣鉑合
「銥黑」
安全
编辑
192
Ir
Ir
備註
编辑參考 資料
编辑
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英 语). - ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian. Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX. Nature. 2014, 514: 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. PMID 25341786. doi:10.1038/nature13795.
- ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds 互联网档
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英 语). - ^ Cheung, H.; Tanke, R. S.; Torrence, G. P. Acetic acid. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045 (
英 语). - ^ Halmshaw, R. The use and scope of Iridium 192 for the radiography of steel. British Journal of Applied Physics. 1954, 5 (7): 238–243. Bibcode:1954BJAP....5..238H. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/5/7/302 (
英 语). - ^ Hellier, Chuck. Handbook of Nondestructive Evlaluation. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 2001. ISBN 978-0-07-028121-9 (
英 语). - ^ Penzes, W. B. Time Line for the Definition of the Meter. National Institute for Standards and Technology. 2001 [2008-09-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-09-16) (英 语). - ^ General section citations: Recalibration of the U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, R. S. Davis, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 90, No. 4, July–August 1985 (5.5 MB PDF, here 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2011-06-03.); and The Kilogram and Measurements of Mass and Force, Z. J. Jabbour et al., J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 106, 2001, 25–46 (3.5 MB PDF, here 互联网档案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2011-06-04.) (英文 ) - ^ Ziegler,, E.; Hignette, O.; Morawe, Ch.; Tucoulou, R. High-efficiency tunable X-ray focusing optics using mirrors and laterally-graded multilayers. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2001,. 467–468: 954–957. Bibcode:2001NIMPA.467..954Z. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00533-2 (
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原始 内容 存 档于2008-07-05) (英 语). - ^ Möhl, D. Production of low-energy antiprotons. Zeitschrift Hyperfine Interactions. 1997, 109: 33–41. Bibcode:1997HyInt.109...33M. doi:10.1023/A:1012680728257 (
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英 语). - ^ 69.0 69.1 Hoyano, J. K.; Graham, W. A. G. Oxidative addition of the carbon-hydrogen bonds of neopentane and cyclohexane to a photochemically generated iridium(I) complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1982, 104 (13): 3723–3725. doi:10.1021/ja00377a032 (
英 语). - ^ Källström, K; Munslow, I; Andersson, P. G. Ir-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation: Ligands, substrates and mechanism. Chemistry – A European Journal. 2006, 12 (12): 3194–3200. PMID 16304642. doi:10.1002/chem.200500755 (
英 语). - ^ Roseblade, S. J.; Pfaltz, A. Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2007, 40 (12): 1402–1411. PMID 17672517. doi:10.1021/ar700113g (
英 语). - ^ Wang, X.; Andersson, M. R.; Thompson, M. E.; Inganäsa, O. Electrophosphorescence from substituted poly(thiophene) doped with iridium or platinum complex. Thin Solid Films. 2004, 468 (1–2): 226–233. Bibcode:2004TSF...468..226W. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2004.05.095 (
英 语). - ^ Tonzetich, Zachary J. Organic Light Emitting Diodes—Developing Chemicals to Light the Future (PDF). Journal of Undergraduate Research (Rochester University). 2002, 1 (1) [2008-10-10]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2008-10-29) (英 语). - ^ Holder, E.; Langefeld, B. M. W.; Schubert, U. S. New Trends in the Use of Transition Metal-Ligand Complexes for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices. Advanced Materials. 2005-04-25, 17 (9): 1109–1121. doi:10.1002/adma.200400284 (
英 语). - ^ Mottishaw, J. Notes from the Nib Works—Where's the Iridium?. The PENnant. 1999, XIII (2). (
原始 内容 存 档于2009-08-19) (英 语). - ^ Crookes, W. (编). The Paris Exhibition. The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science. 1867, XV: 182 (
英 语).… has been used in a Withworth gun for more than 3000 rounds, and scarcely shows signs of wear yet. Those who know the constant trouble and expense which are occasioned by the wearing of the vent-pieces of cannon when in active service, will appreciate this important adaptation.
- ^ Pepper, J. H. The Playbook of Metals: Including Personal Narratives of Visits to Coal, Lead, Copper, and Tin Mines, with a Large Number of Interesting Experiments Relating to Alchemy and the Chemistry of the Fifty Metallic Elements. Routledge, Warne, and Routledge. 1861: 455 (
英 语). - ^ Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192) (PDF). Radiation Emergencies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004-08-18 [2008-09-20]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2008-10-29) (英 语).
外部 連結
编辑
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