铟
此條 |
銦是
雖然銦的
性質
编辑
物理
编辑
銦是
銦的
化學
编辑
銦有49
−0.40 | In2+ + e− | ↔ In+ |
−0.49 | In3+ + e− | ↔ In2+ |
−0.443 | In3+ + 2 e− | ↔ In+ |
−0.3382 | In3+ + 3 e− | ↔ In |
−0.14 | In+ + e− | ↔ In |
銦
同位 素
编辑
銦有39
化合 物
编辑
銦(III)
编辑氧化銦(III)(In2O3)
- In(OH)3 + 3 HCl → InCl3 + 3 H2O
銦(I)
编辑銦(I)
其他氧化態
编辑
較少
有機 銦化合 物
编辑
歷史
编辑
1863
存在 形式
编辑
銦是
銦是
銦的含量
生產 和 可用性
编辑
銦在
銦的
截止2017
2019
應用
编辑
1924
氧化銦(III)
銦絲
銦是鹼性
銦的
生態 角 色 與 預 防 危害
编辑
銦在
參考 資料
编辑
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (
英 语). - ^ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties. Inorganic Chemistry. 1996, 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e.
- ^ Mangum, B W. Determination of the Indium Freezing-point and Triple-point Temperatures. Metrologia. 1989, 26 (4): 211. Bibcode:1989Metro..26..211M. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/001.
- ^ Lide, D. R. (编). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) 86th. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 2005. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2011-03-03). - ^ W. M. Haynes. David R. Lide , 编. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data. CRC Press. 2010 [2019-07-19]. ISBN 978-1-4398-2077-3. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-02-02). - ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Alfantazi, A. M.; Moskalyk, R. R. Processing of indium: a review. Minerals Engineering. 2003, 16 (8): 687–694. doi:10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00168-7.
- ^ Binder, Harry H. Lexicon der chemischen Elemente. S. Hirzel Verlag. 1999. ISBN 978-3-7776-0736-8 (
德 语). - ^ 8.0 8.1 Dean, John A. Lange's handbook of chemistry (Fifteenth edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. 523. ISBN 978-0-07-016190-0.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 222
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 252
- ^ Okamoto, H. Hg-In phase diagram. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion. 2012, 33 (2): 159–160. doi:10.1007/s11669-012-9993-3.
- ^ Iliev, S. P.; Chen, X.; Pathan, M. V.; Tagarielli, V. L. Measurements of the mechanical response of Indium and of its size dependence in bending and indentation. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017-01-23, 683: 244–251. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.017. hdl:10044/1/43082.
- ^ Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Thallium. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 892–893. ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3 (
德 语). - ^ 14.0 14.1 Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 (
英 语). - ^ 15.0 15.1 Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 256
- ^ Haynes, William M. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data 92nd. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press. 2011: 8.20. ISBN 978-1-4398-5511-9. OCLC 730008390 (
英 语). - ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 255
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics A. 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. ISSN 0375-9474. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- ^ Dvornický, R.; Šimkovic, F. Second unique forbidden
β decay of 115In and neutrino mass. AIP Conf. Proc. AIP Conference Proceedings. 13–16 June 2011, 1417 (33): 33. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1417...33D. doi:10.1063/1.3671032. - ^ IUPAC Periodic Table of the Isotopes (PDF). ciaaw.org. IUPAC. 1 October 2013 [21 June 2016]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-02-14). - ^ 21.0 21.1 Anthony John Downs. Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. Springer. 1993. ISBN 978-0-7514-0103-5.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 286
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 263–7
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 288
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 270–1
- ^ 26.0 26.1 Sinclair, Ian; Worrall, Ian J. Neutral complexes of the indium dihalides. Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 1982, 60 (6): 695–698. doi:10.1139/v82-102.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 287
- ^ Beck, Horst Philipp; Wilhelm, Doris. In7Cl9—A New"Old" Compound in the System In-Cl. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1991, 30 (7): 824–825. doi:10.1002/anie.199108241.
- ^ Dronskowski, Richard. Synthesis, Structure, and Decay of In4Br7. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1995, 34 (10): 1126–1128. doi:10.1002/anie.199511261.
- ^ Fischer, E. O.; Hofmann, H. P. Metall-cyclopentadienyle des Indiums. Angewandte Chemie. 1957, 69 (20): 639–640. doi:10.1002/ange.19570692008 (
德 语). - ^ Beachley O. T.; Pazik J. C.; Glassman T. E.; Churchill M. R.; Fettinger J.C.; Blom R. Synthesis, characterization and structural studies of In(C5H4Me) by x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction techniques and a reinvestigation of the crystalline state of In(C5H5) by x-ray diffraction studies. Organometallics. 1988, 7 (5): 1051–1059. doi:10.1021/om00095a007.
- ^ Shenai, Deo V.; Timmons, Michael L.; Dicarlo, Ronald L.; Lemnah, Gregory K.; Stennick, Robert S. Correlation of vapor pressure equation and film properties with trimethylindium purity for the MOVPE grown III–V compounds. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2003, 248: 91–98. Bibcode:2003JCrGr.248...91S. doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01854-7.
- ^ Shenai, Deodatta V.; Timmons, Michael L.; Dicarlo, Ronald L.; Marsman, Charles J. Correlation of film properties and reduced impurity concentrations in sources for III/V-MOVPE using high-purity trimethylindium and tertiarybutylphosphine. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2004, 272 (1–4): 603–608. Bibcode:2004JCrGr.272..603S. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.006.
- ^ Reich, F.; Richter, T. Ueber das Indium. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1863, 90 (1): 172–176 [2019-07-19]. doi:10.1002/prac.18630900122. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-02-02) (德 语). - ^ Venetskii, S. Indium. Metallurgist. 1971, 15 (2): 148–150. doi:10.1007/BF01088126.
- ^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 244
- ^ 37.0 37.1 Weeks, Mary Elvira. The Discovery of the Elements: XIII. Some Spectroscopic Studies. Journal of Chemical Education. 1932, 9 (8): 1413–1434. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.[
永久 失效 連結 ] - ^ Reich, F.; Richter, T. Ueber das Indium. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1864, 92 (1): 480–485. doi:10.1002/prac.18640920180 (
德 语). - ^ Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich; Herzig, Peter M. Indium: Geology, Mineralogy, and Economics. Springer. 2002. ISBN 978-3-540-43135-0.
- ^ Boothroyd, A. I. Heavy elements in stars. Science. 2006, 314 (5806): 1690–1691. PMID 17170281. doi:10.1126/science.1136842.
- ^ C. Arlandini, F. Käppeler, K. Wisshak, R. Gallino, M. Lugaro, M. Busso, O. Straniero: Neutron Capture in Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Cross Sections and Abundance Signatures. In: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 525, 1999, p. 886–900. ( doi:10.1086/307938)
- ^ Zs. Nemeth, F. Käppeler, C. Theis, T. Belgya, S. W. Yates: Nucleosynthesis in the Cd-In-Sn region. In: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 426, 1994, p. 357–365. ( doi:10.1086/174071)
- ^ Frenzel, Max. The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources - Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available). ResearchGate. 2016 [2017-06-02]. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-10-06). - ^ Frenzel, Max; Hirsch, Tamino; Gutzmer, Jens. Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and minor elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type — A meta-analysis. Ore Geology Reviews. July 2016, 76: 52–78. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.12.017.
- ^ Bachmann, Kai; Frenzel, Max; Krause, Joachim; Gutzmer, Jens. Advanced Identification and Quantification of In-Bearing Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscope-Based Image Analysis. Microscopy and Microanalysis. June 2017, 23 (3): 527–537. Bibcode:2017MiMic..23..527B. ISSN 1431-9276. PMID 28464970. doi:10.1017/S1431927617000460.
- ^ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 Frenzel, Max; Mikolajczak, Claire; Reuter, Markus A.; Gutzmer, Jens. Quantifying the relative availability of high-tech by-product metals – The cases of gallium, germanium and indium. Resources Policy. June 2017, 52: 327–335. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.04.008.
- ^ Mineral Commodities Summary 2007: Indium (PDF). United States Geological Survey. [2007-12-26]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2008-05-09). - ^ Werner, T. T.; Mudd, G. M.; Jowitt, S. M. Indium: key issues in assessing mineral resources and long-term supply from recycling. Applied Earth Science. 2015-10-02, 124 (4): 213–226. ISSN 0371-7453. doi:10.1179/1743275815Y.0000000007.
- ^ Graedel, T. E.; Barr, Rachel; Chandler, Chelsea; Chase, Thomas; Choi, Joanne; Christoffersen, Lee; Friedlander, Elizabeth; Henly, Claire; Jun, Christine. Methodology of Metal Criticality Determination. Environmental Science & Technology. 2012-01-17, 46 (2): 1063–1070. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.1063G. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 22191617. doi:10.1021/es203534z.
- ^ Harper, E. M.; Kavlak, Goksin; Burmeister, Lara; Eckelman, Matthew J.; Erbis, Serkan; Sebastian Espinoza, Vicente; Nuss, Philip; Graedel, T. E. Criticality of the Geological Zinc, Tin, and Lead Family. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2015-08-01, 19 (4): 628–644. ISSN 1530-9290. doi:10.1111/jiec.12213.
- ^ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 247
- ^ Frenzel, Max; Tolosana-Delgado, Raimon; Gutzmer, Jens. Assessing the supply potential of high-tech metals – A general method. Resources Policy. December 2015,. 46, Part 2: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.08.002.
- ^ Indium - in: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (PDF). United States Geological Survey. 2017 [2019-08-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-01-11). - ^ Kelly, TD; Matos, GR. Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States. 2015 [2017-06-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-05-11). - ^ Indium Price Supported by LCD Demand and New Uses for the Metal. Geology.com. [2007-12-26]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2007-12-21). - ^ USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011 (PDF). USGS and USDI. [August 2, 2011]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-01-11). - ^ French, Sidney J. A story of indium. Journal of Chemical Education. 1934, 11 (5): 270. Bibcode:1934JChEd..11..270F. doi:10.1021/ed011p270.
- ^ Tolcin, Amy C. Mineral Yearbook 2007: Indium (PDF). United States Geological Survey. [2019-08-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2016-12-31). - ^ 59.0 59.1 Downs, Anthony John. Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium. Springer. 1993: 89 and 106. ISBN 978-0-7514-0103-5.
- ^ The Electroluminescent Light Sabre. Nanotechnology News Archive. Azonano. June 2, 2005 [2007-08-29]. (
原始 内容 存 档于October 12, 2007). - ^ Bachmann, K. J. Properties, Preparation, and Device Applications of Indium Phosphide. Annual Review of Materials Science. 1981, 11: 441–484. Bibcode:1981AnRMS..11..441B. doi:10.1146/annurev.ms.11.080181.002301.
- ^ Shenai, Deodatta V.; Timmons, Michael L.; DiCarlo Jr., Ronald L.; Marsman, Charles J. Correlation of film properties and reduced impurity concentrations in sources for III/V-MOVPE using high-purity trimethylindium and tertiarybutylphosphine. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2004, 272 (1–4): 603–608. Bibcode:2004JCrGr.272..603S. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.006.
- ^ Schubert, E. Fred. Light-Emitting Diodes. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 16. ISBN 978-0-521-53351-5.
- ^ Powalla, M.; Dimmler, B. Scaling up issues of CIGS solar cells. Thin Solid Films. 2000,. 361–362 (1–2): 540–546. Bibcode:2000TSF...361..540P. doi:10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00849-4.
- ^ Weissler, G. L. (编). Vacuum physics and technology. San Diego: Acad. Press. 1990: 296. ISBN 978-0-12-475914-5.
- ^ Surmann, P; Zeyat, H. Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Nov 2005, 383 (6): 1009–13. PMID 16228199. doi:10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7.
- ^ Geological Survey (U.S.). Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 1, Metals and Minerals. Government Printing Office. 2010: 35–2. ISBN 978-1-4113-3015-3.
- ^ Powell L. V., Johnson G. H., Bales D. J. Effect of Admixed Indium on Mercury Vapor Release from Dental Amalgam (PDF). Journal of Dental Research. 1989, 68 (8): 1231–3. PMID 2632609. doi:10.1177/00220345890680080301.
- ^ Scoullos, Michael J. Other types of cadmium alloys. Mercury, cadmium, lead: handbook for sustainable heavy metals policy and regulation. 2001-12-31: 222 [2019-08-03]. ISBN 978-1-4020-0224-3. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-02-02). - ^ Berger, Harold; National Bureau Of Standards, United States; Committee E-7 On Nondestructive Testing, American Society for Testing and Materials. Image Detectors for Other Neutron Energies. Practical applications of neutron radiography and gaging: a symposium. 1976: 50–51 [2019-08-03]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-02-02). - ^ 71.0 71.1 Castronovo, F. P.; Wagner, H. N. Factors Affecting the Toxicity of the Element Indium. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. October 1971, 52 (5): 543–559. PMC 2072430 . PMID 5125268.
- ^ Gwinn, W. M.; Qu, W.; Bousquet, R. W.; Price, H.; Shines, C. J.; Taylor, G. J.; Waalkes, M. P.; Morgan, D. L. Macrophage Solubilization and Cytotoxicity of Indium-Containing Particles as in vitro Correlates to Pulmonary Toxicity in vivo. Toxicological Sciences. 2014, 144 (1): 17–26. PMC 4349143 . PMID 25527823. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfu273.
- ^ IN-111 FACT SHEET (PDF). Nordion(Canada), Inc. [23 September 2012]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于3 December 2011). - ^ Van Nostrand, D.; Abreu, S. H.; Callaghan, J. J.; Atkins, F. B.; Stoops, H. C.; Savory, C. G. In-111-labeled white blood cell uptake in noninfected closed fracture in humans: prospective study. Radiology. May 1988, 167 (2): 495–498. PMID 3357961. doi:10.1148/radiology.167.2.3357961.
- ^ Nordberg, Gunnar F.; Fowler, Bruce A.; Nordberg, Monica. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals 4th. Academic Press. 7 August 2014: 845. ISBN 978-0-12-397339-9.
- ^ CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Indium. www.cdc.gov. [2015-11-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-12-08).
外部 連結
编辑
元素 铟在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 紹(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 铟(
英文 ) 元素 铟在 The Periodic Table of Videos(諾 丁 漢 大學 )的 介 紹(英文 )元素 铟在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 紹(英文 )- WebElements.com – 铟(
英文 )