锂
鋰及其
歷史
编辑
1800
存在 与 分布
编辑
天文 上
编辑
雖然它在
陸地 上
编辑
锂在
生物 上
编辑
单质性 质
编辑
概 述
编辑
锂是一种极易反应的柔软的银白色碱
原子 及物理 性質
编辑
就像其他鹼
化學 性質 與 化合 物
编辑
鋰很
同位 素 与 核 性 质
编辑
鋰在
7Li
很多
鋰的
锂的
也可
制 备
编辑
锂矿的 提 取 法
编辑
硫酸 盐法
编辑
锂辉
石灰 法
编辑
- 2LiAl(SiO3)2+9CaO → Li2O+CaO·Al2O3+4[2CaO·SiO2]
- 适用
性 强 ,能 分解 几乎所有 锂矿石 。 反 应不需要 稀 缺 原料 ,石灰 和 石灰石 均 较便宜 且容易 获得。
- 烧结时精矿会贫化,
精 矿中锂含量 要求 很高。 浸 取 后 得 到 的 是 稀 溶液 ,蒸 发会消耗 大量 热量,且耗时长。
硫酸 法
编辑
- 2LiAl(SiO3)2+H2SO4 → Li2SO4+H2O·Al2O3·4SiO2
此反应的关键问题
天然 卤水的 提 取
编辑
锂的
金属 锂的制 备
编辑
电解法
编辑
锂可
- 2LiCl(l) → 2Li(s)+Cl2(g)
电解
热还原 法
编辑
3Li2O+2Al → 6Li+Al2O3—33.6
2Li2O+Si → 4Li+SiO2—76.3
用途
编辑
合成 原料
编辑
锂在许多
还原剂
编辑催化剂
编辑锂可
电池工 业
编辑
锂的
合金
编辑
掺有锂的
醫療
编辑
其他用途
编辑
锂还
保存 方法
编辑
註解
编辑
- ^ Appendixes 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 6 November 2011.. By USGS definitions, the reserve base "may encompass those parts of the resources that have a reasonable potential for becoming economically available within planning horizons beyond those that assume proven technology and current economics. The reserve base includes those resources that are currently economic (reserves), marginally economic (marginal reserves), and some of those that are currently subeconomic (subeconomic resources)."
参考 资料
编辑
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (
英 语). - ^ J.L.Dye J.Chem.Educ., 54(6) 332(1977)
- ^ 3.0 3.1 刘翊纶
任 德 厚 《无机化学 丛书》第 一 卷 北京 :科学 出版 社 289-354页1984年 - ^ Nuclear Weapon Design. Federation of American Scientists (1998-10-21). fas.org
- ^ D'Andraba. Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège, avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 1800, 51: 239. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-07-13). - ^ Petalite Mineral Information. Mindat.org. [10 August 2009]. (
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原始 内容 存 档于2016-12-03). From p. 45: "Herr August Arfwedson, ein junger sehr verdienstvoller Chemiker, der seit einem Jahre in meinem Laboratorie arbeitet, fand bei einer Analyse des Petalits von Uto's Eisengrube, einen alkalischen Bestandtheil, … Wir haben es Lithion genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden." (Mr. August Arfwedson, a young, very meritorious chemist, who has worked in my laboratory for a year, found during an analysis of petalite from Uto's iron mine, an alkaline component … We've named it lithion, in order to allude thereby to its first discovery in the mineral realm, since the two others were first discovered in organic nature. Its radical will then be named "lithium".) - ^ Johan August Arfwedson. Periodic Table Live!. [10 August 2009]. (
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- ^ See:
- Arwedson, Aug. (1818) "Undersökning af några vid Utö Jernmalmsbrott förekommende Fossilier, och af ett deri funnet eget Eldfast Alkali" 互联网档
案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 25 November 2017., Afhandlingar i Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, 6 : 145–172. (in Swedish) - Arwedson, Aug. (1818) "Untersuchung einiger bei der Eisen-Grube von Utö vorkommenden Fossilien und von einem darin gefundenen neuen feuerfesten Alkali" (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) (Investigation of some minerals occurring at the iron mines of Utö and of a new refractory alkali found therein), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 22 (1) : 93–117. (in German)
- Arwedson, Aug. (1818) "Undersökning af några vid Utö Jernmalmsbrott förekommende Fossilier, och af ett deri funnet eget Eldfast Alkali" 互联网档
- ^ Gmelin, C. G. Von dem Lithon [On lithium]. Annalen der Physik. 1818, 59 (7): 238–241. Bibcode:1818AnP....59..229G. doi:10.1002/andp.18180590702. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-11-09).p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)
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英 语). - ^
核 素 图编制 组《核 素 图》北京 :原子 能 出版 社 1976年 - ^ 87.0 87.1
引用 错误:没 有 为名为译
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外部 連結
编辑
元素 锂在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 紹(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 锂(
英文 ) 元素 锂在 The Periodic Table of Videos(諾 丁 漢 大學 )的 介 紹(英文 )元素 锂在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 紹(英文 )- WebElements.com – 锂(
英文 )