镄
镄是
历史
编辑镄是
94Pu
),其只
94Pu
94Pu
也是
镄(Z = 100)
92U
化学
编辑
Fm3+
同位 素
编辑
天然 存 量
编辑
合成
编辑
镄是
虽然257Fm
在 核 爆 炸中合成
编辑
对1
毒性
编辑
虽然曾
备注与 参考 资料
编辑
备注
编辑参考 资料
编辑
- ^ Sato, Tetsuya K.; Asai, Masato; Borschevsky, Anastasia; Beerwerth, Randolf; Kaneya, Yusuke; Makii, Hiroyuki; Mitsukai, Akina; Nagame, Yuichiro; Osa, Akihiko; Toyoshima, Atsushi; Tsukada, Kazuki; Sakama, Minoru; Takeda, Shinsaku; Ooe, Kazuhiro; Sato, Daisuke; Shigekawa, Yudai; Ichikawa, Shin-ichi; Düllmann, Christoph E.; Grund, Jessica; Renisch, Dennis; Kratz, Jens V.; Schädel, Matthias; Eliav, Ephraim; Kaldor, Uzi; Fritzsche, Stephan; Stora, Thierry. First Ionization Potentials of Fm, Md, No, and Lr: Verification of Filling-Up of 5f Electrons and Confirmation of the Actinide Series. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 25 October 2018, 140 (44): 14609–14613. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b09068.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Silva, Robert J. Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean , 编. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (PDF) 3 3rd. Dordrecht: Springer: 1621–1651. 2006. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2010-07-17). - ^ 3.0 3.1 Einsteinium. [2007-12-07]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2007-10-26). - ^ Fermium. National Research Council Canada. [2007-12-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2010-12-25). - ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Ghiorso, Albert. Einsteinium and Fermium. Chemical and Engineering News. 2003, 81 (36) [2013-02-21]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-09-06). - ^ Einsteinium. National Research Council Canada. [2007-12-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2007-11-15). - ^ The Element Fermium. It's Elemental. Jefferson Lab. [2016-12-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-04-23). - ^ 8.0 8.1 Ghiorso, A.; Thompson, S.; Higgins, G.; Seaborg, G.; Studier, M.; Fields, P.; Fried, S.; Diamond, H.; Mech, J. New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100. Phys. Rev. 1955, 99 (3): 1048–1049. Bibcode:1955PhRv...99.1048G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048.
- ^ Fields, P.; Studier, M.; Diamond, H.; Mech, J.; Inghram, M.; Pyle, G.; Stevens, C.; Fried, S.; Manning, W. Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris. Physical Review. 1956, 102: 180. Bibcode:1956PhRv..102..180F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180.
- ^ Thompson, S. G.; Ghiorso, A.; Harvey, B. G.; Choppin, G. R. Transcurium Isotopes Produced in the Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium. Physical Review. 1954, 93 (4): 908. Bibcode:1954PhRv...93..908T. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908.
- ^ Choppin, G. R.; Thompson, S. G.; Ghiorso, A.; Harvey, B. G. Nuclear Properties of Some Isotopes of Californium, Elements 99 and 100. Physical Review. 1954, 94 (4): 1080–1081. Bibcode:1954PhRv...94.1080C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080.
- ^ Atterling, Hugo; Forsling, Wilhelm; Holm, Lennart W.; Melander, Lars; Åström, Björn. Element 100 Produced by Means of Cyclotron-Accelerated Oxygen Ions. Physical Review. 1954, 95 (2): 585–586. Bibcode:1954PhRv...95..585A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2.
- ^ FERMIUM. Royal Australian Chemical Institute. [2016-12-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-02-26). - ^ PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS: LANL Fermium. Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA. [2016-12-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-05-05). - ^ Lundqvist, Robert; Hulet, E. K.; Baisden, T. A.; Näsäkkälä, Elina; Wahlberg, Olof. Electromigration Method in Tracer Studies of Complex Chemistry. II. Hydrated Radii and Hydration Numbers of Trivalent Actinides. Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A. 1981, 35: 653–661. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35a-0653.
- ^ Hussonnois, H.; Hubert, S.; Aubin, L.; Guillaumont, R.; Boussieres, G. Determination of the first hydrolysis constant of fermium. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters. 1972, 10 (4): 231–238.
- ^ Thompson, S. G.; Harvey, B. G.; Choppin, G. R.; Seaborg, G. T. Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (24): 6229–6236. doi:10.1021/ja01653a004.
- ^ Malý, Jaromír. The amalgamation behaviour of heavy elements 1. Observation of anomalous preference in formation of amalgams of californium, einsteinium, and fermium. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1967, 3 (9): 373–381. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(67)80046-1.
- ^ Mikheev, N. B.; Spitsyn, V. I.; Kamenskaya, A. N.; Gvozdec, B. A.; Druin, V. A.; Rumer, I. A.; Dyachkova, R. A.; Rozenkevitch, N. A.; Auerman, L. N. Reduction of fermium to divalent state in chloride aqueous ethanolic solutions. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1972, 8 (11): 929–936. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(72)80202-2.
- ^ Hulet, E. K.; Lougheed, R. W.; Baisden, P. A.; Landrum, J. H.; Wild, J. F.; Lundqvist, R. F. Non-observance of monovalent Md. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1979, 41 (12): 1743–1747. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80116-5.
- ^ Mikheev, N. B.; Spitsyn, V. I.; Kamenskaya, A. N.; Konovalova, N. A.; Rumer, I. A.; Auerman, L. N.; Podorozhnyi, A. M. Determination of oxidation potential of the pair Fm2+/Fm3+. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 1977, 13 (12): 651–656. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80074-3.
- ^ Nugent, L. J. 6th. Bagnall, K. W. (编). MTP International Review of Science, Inorganic Chemistry, series 2 7. Baltimore: University Park Press. 1975: 195–219.
- ^ Samhoun, K.; David, F.; Hahn, R. L.; O'Kelley, G. D.; Tarrant, J. R.; Hobart, D. E. Electrochemical study of mendelevium in aqueous solution: No evidence for monovalent ions. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1979, 41 (12): 1749–1754. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80117-7.
- ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon. 1984: 1262. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ^ Sonzogni, Alejandro. Interactive Chart of Nuclides. National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. [2008-06-06]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-06-21). - ^ Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements New. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.
- ^ Luig, Heribert; Keller, Cornelius; Wolf, Walter; Shani, Jashovam; Miska, Horst; Zyball, Alfred; Gervé, Andreas; Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kellerer, Albrecht M. Radionuclides. 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_499.
- ^ High Flux Isotope Reactor. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. [2010-09-23]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2015-02-28). - ^ Porter, C. E.; Riley, F. D., Jr.; Vandergrift, R. D.; Felker, L. K. Fermium Purification Using Teva Resin Extraction Chromatography. Sep. Sci. Technol. 1997, 32 (1–4): 83–92. doi:10.1080/01496399708003188.
- ^ Sewtz, M.; Backe, H.; Dretzke, A.; Kube, G.; Lauth, W.; Schwamb, P.; Eberhardt, K.; Grüning, C.; Thörle, P. First Observation of Atomic Levels for the Element Fermium (Z = 100). Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90 (16): 163002. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..90p3002S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002.
- ^ Hoff, R. W.; Hulet, E. K. Engineering with Nuclear Explosives 2: 1283–1294. 1970.
- ^ Choppin, G. R.; Harvey, B. G.; Thompson, S. G. A new eluant for the separation of the actinide elements. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1956, 2 (1): 66–68. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(56)80105-X.
- ^ Mikheev, N. B.; Kamenskaya, A. N.; Konovalova, N. A.; Rumer, I. A.; Kulyukhin, S. A. High-speed method for the separation of fermium from actinides and lanthanides. Radiokhimiya. 1983, 25 (2): 158–161.
- ^ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 Seaborg, G.T. (编). Report LBL-7701 (PDF). Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100. the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100. 1978-01-23 [2013-02-21]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2011-09-16). - ^ United States Nuclear Tests July 1945 through September 1992 (PDF). DOE/NV--209-REV 15, December 2000. [2016-12-02]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2006-10-12). - ^ Koch, Lothar. Transuranium Elements, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_167.
延伸 阅读
编辑
- Robert J. Silva: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium, in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5, p. 1621–1651; doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13.
- Seaborg, G.T. (ed.) (1978) Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100 (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), 23 January 1978, Report LBL-7701 - Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 71, Transurane: Teil A 1 II, p. 19–20; Teil A 2, p. 47; Teil B 1, p. 84.
外部 链接
编辑
元素 镄在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 绍(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 镄(
英文 ) 元素 镄在 The Periodic Table of Videos(诺丁汉大学 )的 介 绍(英文 )元素 镄在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 绍(英文 )- WebElements.com – 镄(
英文 )