閒あいだ

See also: 闲, 閑, 間あいだ, and 𫔮

閒あいだ	U+9592, 閒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592

← 閑
[U+9591]

CJK Unified Ideographs

間あいだ →
[U+9593]

Translingual

Traditional	閒あいだ
Simplified	闲
Japanese	閑
Korean	閑

Han character

閒あいだ (Kangxi radical 169, 門もん+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日にち弓月ゆづき (ANB), four-corner 7722₇, composition ⿵門もん月つき)

Derived characters

僩(𰂎), 嫺, 𡼥, 憪(𰑥), 撊(𪭾), 㵎, 𤡥, 橌, 𣩞, 燗かん, 𦠥, 瞯(𰥨), 礀, 襉, 𮇻, 繝, 𧤽, 譋, 𧯎, 𨆀, 𨎫, 𨣇, 鐗, 𩦂, 𩻘, 𪙩
覵, 鷳, 蕑, 𥳑, 鬜, 癇かん

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
Unihan data for U+9592

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閒あいだ
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (閒あいだ) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
間あいだ	kreːn, kreːns
簡	*kreːnʔ
澗	kreːns, kraːns
鐧	kreːns, kraːns
蕑	*kreːn
覵	kreːn, kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉	kreːnʔ, kreːns
僩	kreːnʔ, ɡraːnʔ
鬜	kʰreːn, kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇かん	*ɡreːn
瞯	*ɡreːn
憪	ɡreːn, ɡraːnʔ
橌	*ɡraːnʔ
撊	*ɡraːnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 門もん (“door”) + 月つき (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間あいだ).

Etymology 1

trad.		閒あいだ/閑^*
simp.		闲^*
nonstandard simp.		𫔮

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間あいだ (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).

Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇ひま (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).

Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間あいだ (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶ものぐさ (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haan⁴ / haan^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): han³
Gan (Wiktionary): han²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): han²
Jin (Wiktionary): xie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǎing
Eastern Min (BUC): èng / hàng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): êng / ûiⁿ / âiⁿ / hân

(Teochew, Peng'im): oin⁵ / ain⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶ghe; ⁶yi / ²ghe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sián
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Yale: syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haan⁴ / haan^4-2
  - Yale: hàahn / háan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haan⁴ / haan^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: han⁴ / han^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːn²¹/, /haːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Note: haan4-2 - “player”.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: han³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hanˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: han²
  - Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: han²
  - Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: èng / hàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/

Note:

èng - vernacular;
hàng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: êng
  - Tâi-lô: îng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eeng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: uînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: vuii
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /uĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: âinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: vaai
  - IPA (Kinmen): /ãi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân
  - Tâi-lô: hân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /han²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³/

Note:

êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
hân - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: oin⁵ / ain⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôiⁿ / âiⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /õĩ⁵⁵/, /ãĩ⁵⁵/

Note:

ain5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak;
oin5 - other places.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghe; ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: ghe^去さ; yi^去さ
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhe; ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦe²³/, /ɦi²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²ghe
  - MiniDict: ghe^平ひらた
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦe²²³/

Note:

3hhe - vernacular;
3hhi - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閒あいだ
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xiɛn²¹³/ 休きゅう～ /xan²¹³/ 不ふ得とく～
	Chengdu	/ɕian³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/ /ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/han¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑn¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/han²¹/
	Nanning	/hɛn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/han²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ham³⁵/ /hiŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/aiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/õi⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/haŋ³¹/ /ai³¹/

Middle Chinese: hean

Rime
Character	閒あいだ
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	匣くしげ (33)
Final (韻いん)	山やま (73)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	戸と閒あいだ切きり
Baxter	hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨn/
Li Rong	/ɣɛn/
Wang Li	/ɣæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤre[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閒あいだ
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁre[n]/
English	idle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閒あいだ
Reading #	1/1
No.	13531
Phonetic component	閑
Rime group	元もと
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閑
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閒あいだ

not busy; idle
噇飽恰閒あいだ。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
vacant; unoccupied; unused
leisurely and carefree
trivial; unimportant
unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
leisure; spare time; free time
(gambling) player (instead of banker)
a surname
(Hakka) Alternative form of 還かえ／还 (“very”)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “not busy”): 忙せわし (máng)

Compounds

不ふ得とく閒あいだ／不ふ得とく闲
不ふ管かん閒あいだ事ごと／不ふ管かん闲事
不ふ識閒／不ふ识闲 (bùshíxián)
不ふ顧閒野まの／不ふ顾闲野の
乞閒／乞闲 (qǐxián)
休きゅう閒あいだ／休きゅう闲 (xiūxián)
休きゅう閒あいだ活動かつどう／休きゅう闲活动
住じゅう閒あいだ／住じゅう闲
偷閒／偷闲 (tōuxián)
優ゆう閒あいだ／优闲 (yōuxián)
包つつみ攬閒事ごと／包つつみ揽闲事ごと
匹ひき如閒／匹ひき如闲
吃ども閒あいだ話ばなし／吃ども闲话
多た管かん閒あいだ事ごと／多た管かん闲事 (duōguǎnxiánshì)
好こう管かん閒あいだ事ごと／好こう管かん闲事 (hào guǎn xiánshì)
安閒あんま／安やす闲 (ānxián)
小閒こま／小しょう闲
少しょう管かん閒あいだ事ごと／少しょう管かん闲事 (shǎoguǎnxiánshì)
幽かそけ閒あいだ／幽かそけ闲
得とく閒あいだ／得とく闲 (déxián)
心こころ閒あいだ／心こころ闲
忙せわし裡うら偷閒／忙せわし里さと偷闲 (mánglǐtōuxián)
悠ゆう閒あいだ／悠ゆう闲 (yōuxián)
悠ゆう閒あいだ自在じざい／悠ゆう闲自在じざい
打だ閒あいだ／打だ闲
扯閒白しろ／扯闲白しろ
投とう閒あいだ置おけ散ち／投とう闲置散ち (tóuxiánzhìsǎn)
抽閒／抽闲 (chōuxián)
攬閒事ごと／揽闲事ごと
有ゆう閒あいだ／有ゆう闲
村むら閒あいだ／村むら闲
氣き定てい神かみ閒あいだ／气定神しん闲 (qìdìngshénxián)
消しょう閒あいだ／消しょう闲 (xiāoxián)
清閒せいま／清きよし闲 (qīngxián)
淘よなげ閒あいだ氣き／淘よなげ闲气
游ゆう手て好こう閒あいだ／游ゆう手て好こう闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
渾閒／浑闲
猶なお閒あいだ／犹闲
白しろ閒あいだ著ちょ／白しろ闲著
空閒くうかん／空そら闲 (kòngxián)
等とう閒あいだ／等とう闲 (děngxián)
等とう閒あいだ之の輩やから／等とう闲之辈 (děngxiánzhībèi)
等とう閒あいだ人物じんぶつ／等とう闲人物ぶつ
等とう閒あいだ視し之の／等とう闲视之の
管かん閒あいだ事ごと／管かん闲事 (guǎnxiánshì)
罷やめ閒あいだ／罢闲
說せつ閒あいだ話ばなし／说闲话
說せつ閒あいだ話はなし兒じ／说闲话儿
譬たとえ如閒／譬たとえ如闲
買かい閒あいだ錢ぜに／买闲钱
賦ふ閒あいだ／赋闲 (fùxián)
輕けい閒あいだ／轻闲
農のう閒あいだ／农闲 (nóngxián)
遊ゆう手しゅ好こう閒あいだ／游ゆう手て好こう闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
野草やそう閒あいだ花はな／野草やそう闲花
野鶴やかく閒あいだ雲くも／野の鹤闲云うん
閒あいだ事ごと／闲事 (xiánshì)
閒人はしひと／闲人 (xiánrén)
閒あいだ住じゅう／闲住 (xiánzhù)
閒あいだ來らい無事ぶじ／闲来无事
閒あいだ可か／闲可
閒あいだ地ち／闲地
閒あいだ坐すわ／闲坐
閒あいだ官かん／闲官
閒あいだ家か／闲家 (xiánjiā)
閒あいだ宴えん／闲宴
閒あいだ居きょ／闲居 (xiánjū)
閒あいだ工夫くふう／闲工夫くふう (xiángōngfu)
閒あいだ心こころ／闲心
閒あいだ情じょう／闲情
閒あいだ情じょう逸いっ致／闲情逸いっ致 (xiánqíngyìzhì)
閒あいだ情じょう逸いっ趣おもむき／闲情逸いっ趣おもむき
閒あいだ愁／闲愁
閒あいだ房ぼう／闲房
閒あいだ打だ牙きば兒じ／闲打牙きば儿
閒あいだ扯／闲扯 (xiánchě)
閒あいだ扯淡／闲扯淡あわ
閒あいだ敘／闲叙
閒あいだ散ち／闲散 (xiánsǎn)
閒あいだ晃あきら／闲晃 (xiánhuàng)
閒あいだ時じ／闲时 (xiánshí)
閒あいだ暇ひま／闲暇 (xiánxiá)
閒あいだ書しょ／闲书
閒あいだ月がつ／闲月
閒あいだ步ふ／闲步
閒あいだ民みん／闲民
閒あいだ氣き／闲气
閒あいだ漢かん／闲汉 (xiánhàn)
閒あいだ燕つばめ／闲燕
閒あいだ理會りかい／闲理会かい
閒田まだ／闲田 (xiántián)
閒あいだ盤ばん兒じ／闲盘儿
閒あいだ磕牙／闲磕牙きば
閒あいだ空むなし／闲空 (xiánkòng)
閒あいだ篇へん兒じ／闲篇儿 (xiánpiānr)
閒あいだ置おけ／闲置 (xiánzhì)
閒あいだ聊／闲聊 (xiánliáo)
閒あいだ聒七／闲聒七なな
閒あいだ職しょく／闲职 (xiánzhí)
閒あいだ花はな野草やそう／闲花野草やそう
閒あいだ茶ちゃ浪なみ酒しゅ／闲茶浪なみ酒しゅ
閒あいだ蕩とろけ／闲荡 (xiándàng)
閒あいだ言げん／闲言
閒あいだ言げん亂らん語ご／闲言乱らん语
閒あいだ言げん碎語／闲言碎语
閒あいだ言げん長ちょう語ご／闲言长语
閒あいだ言げん閒あいだ事ごと／闲言闲事
閒あいだ言げん閒あいだ語ご／闲言闲语
閒あいだ話ばなし／闲话 (xiánhuà)
閒あいだ話はなし家か常つね／闲话家か常つね
閒あいだ語ご／闲语
閒あいだ談だん／闲谈 (xiántán)
閒あいだ逛／闲逛 (xiánguàng)
閒あいだ逸いっ／闲逸
閒あいだ遊ゆう／闲游
閒あいだ適てき／闲适 (xiánshì)
閒あいだ錢ぜに／闲钱 (xiánqián)
閒あいだ雜人ぞうにん等とう／闲杂人じん等とう
閒あいだ雲くも孤こ鶴づる／闲云孤こ鹤
閒あいだ雲くも野鶴やかく／闲云野の鹤
閒あいだ章あきら／闲章
雍容閒あいだ雅みやび
餘よ閒あいだ／余よ闲 (yúxián)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 閒あいだ – see 間あいだ (“among; between; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 間あいだ).

References

“閒あいだ”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Korean

Hanja

閒あいだ • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)

leisure, idle
peaceful, tranquil, calm

Vietnamese

Han character

閒あいだ: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián

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