偶
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See also: 耦
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
偶 (Kangxi radical 9,
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 112, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 899
- Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 190, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5076
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 偶 | |
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simp. # | 偶 | |
alternative forms | 禺 耦 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 偶 | |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngou3
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiéu
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngēu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6ngeu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
- Wade–Giles: ou3
- Yale: ǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
- Palladius: оу (ou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngou
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngau5
- Yale: ngáuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau5
- Guangdong Romanization: ngeo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiéu
- Hakka Romanization System: ngieu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngieu3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯eu̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngēu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gió
- Tâi-lô: gió
- Phofsit Daibuun: gioir
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘
- Tâi-lô: ngóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngor
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋou⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: nguwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤ(r)oʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːʔ/
Definitions[edit]
偶
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
- Wade–Giles: ou3
- Yale: ǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
- Palladius: оу (ou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngau5
- Yale: ngáuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau5
- Guangdong Romanization: ngeo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nguwH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːs/
Definitions[edit]
偶
- accidentally, coincidentally, by accident, by chance, occasionally
Compounds[edit]
不 偶不 偶世仇 偶佳 偶 (jiā'ǒu)佳 偶天成 - 偶一
為之 /偶一为之 偶人 (ǒurén)偶作 偶像 (ǒuxiàng)- 偶函
數 /偶函数 (ǒuhánshù) - 偶句
對 /偶句对 - 偶合 (ǒuhé)
- 偶影
- 偶得
- 偶性
偶感 偶成 - 偶或 (ǒuhuò)
- 偶戲/偶戏
- 偶戲
人 /偶戏人 - 偶拾
偶數 /偶数 (ǒushù)- 偶方
- 偶族
- 偶書/偶书
偶然 (ǒurán)偶然 性 (ǒuránxìng)偶然 論 /偶然 论- 偶爾/偶尔 (ǒu'ěr)
偶發 /偶发 (ǒufā)- 偶視/偶视
- 偶而 (ǒu'ér)
偶語 /偶语偶蹄 目 - 偶鰭/偶鳍
分 隸偶存 /分 隶偶存 力 偶 (lì'ǒu)匹 偶 (pǐ'ǒu)喪 偶/丧偶 (sàng'ǒu)嘉 偶天成 土偶 (tǔ'ǒu)土偶 桃 梗土木 偶人 大 玩偶奇偶 奇偶 性 (jī'ǒuxìng)對偶 /对偶 (duì'ǒu)布 偶- 怨偶
排 偶提 偶提 線 木偶 /提 线木偶 (tíxiàn mù'ǒu)擇 偶/择偶 (zé'ǒu)木偶 (mù'ǒu)木偶 人 木偶 影 片 木偶 戲 /木偶 戏 (mù'ǒuxì)未 偶杖 頭 木偶 /杖 头木偶 求 偶 (qiú'ǒu)流落 不 偶無 獨 有 偶/无独有 偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)熱 電 偶/热电偶- 玩偶 (wán'ǒu)
百 年 佳 偶相 人 偶配偶 (pèi'ǒu)配偶 家族 鐵線 木偶 /铁线木偶 陶 偶鬱 堙不偶/郁 堙不偶齊 大 非 偶/齐大非 偶 (qídàfēi'ǒu)
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngauh / nga̍uh
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngauh
- Tâi-lô: ngauh
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngauq
- IPA (Xiamen): /ŋãuʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋãuʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nga̍uh
- Tâi-lô: nga̍uh
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngauh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãuʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Definitions[edit]
偶
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to stand side by side
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for pairs of horseshoe crabs.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
偶
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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偶 |
たま Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative forms[edit]
Adjective[edit]
偶 • (tama) -na (adnominal 偶な (tama na), adverbial 偶に (tama ni))
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 偶
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective ( |
偶だろ | たまだろ | tama daro |
Continuative ( |
偶で | たまで | tama de |
Terminal ( |
偶だ | たまだ | tama da |
Attributive ( |
偶な | たまな | tama na |
Hypothetical ( |
偶なら | たまなら | tama nara |
Imperative ( |
偶であれ | たまであれ | tama de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 偶ではない 偶じゃない |
たまではない たまじゃない |
tama de wa nai tama ja nai |
Informal past | 偶だった | たまだった | tama datta |
Informal negative past | 偶ではなかった 偶じゃなかった |
たまではなかった たまじゃなかった |
tama de wa nakatta tama ja nakatta |
Formal | 偶です | たまです | tama desu |
Formal negative | 偶ではありません 偶じゃありません |
たまではありません たまじゃありません |
tama de wa arimasen tama ja arimasen |
Formal past | 偶でした | たまでした | tama deshita |
Formal negative past | 偶ではありませんでした 偶じゃありませんでした |
たまではありませんでした たまじゃありませんでした |
tama de wa arimasen deshita tama ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 偶で | たまで | tama de |
Conditional | 偶なら(ば) | たまなら(ば) | tama nara (ba) |
Provisional | 偶だったら | たまだったら | tama dattara |
Volitional | 偶だろう | たまだろう | tama darō |
Adverbial | たまに | tama ni | |
Degree | 偶さ | たまさ | tamasa |
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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偶 |
たまたま Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 偶 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 偶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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偶 |
ぐう Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Derived from Middle Chinese 偶 (MC nguwX|nguwH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC nguwX, “idol; pair”).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC nguwH, “by chance”).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (in 우연 (
偶然 , uyeon, “coincidence”)):- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u]
- Phonetic hangul: [우]
- (by chance; accidentally; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
- Hanja form? of 우 (“by chance; accidentally; coincidentally”).
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
偶: Hán Nôm readings: ngẫu, ngẩu, ngậu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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