周密しゅうみつ

Chinese

		encircle; circuit; complete encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful	secret; confidential; close secret; confidential; close; thick; dense
trad. (周密しゅうみつ)		周しゅう	密ひそか
simp. #(周密しゅうみつ)		周しゅう	密ひそか

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōumì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ ㄇㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹ mat⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû-me̍t
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiu-bi̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹ mêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōumì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ ㄇㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhoumì
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹-mi⁴
    • Yale: jōu-mì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joumih
    • Palladius: чжоуми (čžoumi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zau¹ mat⁶
    • Yale: jāu maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹ mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû-me̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu´ med
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu-bi̍t
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu-bi̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciu'bit
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³ bit̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziu¹ mêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu me̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³⁻²³ mek̚⁴/

Note: ziu1 mêg8 - Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw mit

Rime
Character	周しゅう	密ひそか
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	章あきら (23)	明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん)	尤ゆう (136)	質しつ (49)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	職しょく流ながれ切きり	美よし畢切きり
Baxter	tsyuw	mit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/	/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/	/mᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/	/miet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/	/mjit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/	/mjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/	/mĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/	/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1	mat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw  mri[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw  mriɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	周しゅう	密ひそか
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu	mì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ mit ›
Old Chinese	/*tiw/	/*mri[t]/
English	cycle; all around	dense
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	周しゅう	密ひそか
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17531	591
Phonetic component	周しゅう	必
Rime group	幽かそけ	質しつ
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	周しゅう	密ひそか
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/	/*mriɡ/
Notes	甲きのえ金きむ文ぶん象ぞう田た間あいだ稼密ひそか， 爲ため稠初はつ文ぶん

Adjective

周密しゅうみつ

1. thorough; meticulous; careful

   周密しゅうみつ的てき計けい劃／周密しゅうみつ的てき计划  ―  zhōumì de jìhuà  ―  careful planning

   • 其知慮ちりょ多おお當とう矣，而未み周密しゅうみつ也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其知ち虑多おお当とう矣，而未み周密しゅうみつ也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Qí zhīlǜ duō dàng yǐ, ér wèi zhōumì yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (literary, of dealings) intimate; close

Synonyms

• (thorough):

• 周到しゅうとう (zhōudào)
• 嚴密げんみつ／严密 (yánmì)
• 審しん／审 (shěn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 細密さいみつ／细密 (xìmì)
• 細緻さいち／细致 (xìzhì)
• 綿密めんみつ／绵密 (miánmì) (of speech, writing, etc.)
• 縝密／缜密 (zhěnmì)
• 過か細ほそ／过细 (guòxì)

 

• (intimate):

• 同衾どうきん (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
• 密みつ切せつな (mìqiè)
• 接近せっきん (jiējìn)
• 火ひ熱ねつ／火ひ热 (huǒrè)
• 熱ねつ和わ／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
• 熱ねつ火ひ／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
• 知ち心こころ (zhīxīn)
• 緊密きんみつ／紧密 (jǐnmì)
• 親切しんせつ／亲切 (qīnqiè)
• 親善しんぜん／亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
• 親密しんみつ／亲密 (qīnmì)
• 親おや熱ねつ／亲热 (qīnrè)
• 親近しんきん／亲近 (qīnjìn)
• 貼は己おのれ／贴己 (tiējǐ)
• 貼は身み／贴身 (tiēshēn)
• 近ちか (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 近きん乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
• 過か心しん／过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
• 體からだ己おのれ／体からだ己おのれ

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “thorough”):

• 不ふ周しゅう (bùzhōu)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (周密しゅうみつ):

• → Japanese: 周密しゅうみつ(しゅうみつ) (shūmitsu)
• → Korean: 주밀(周密しゅうみつ) (jumil)