寄
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7203
- Dae Jaweon: page 569, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 937, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5BC4
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
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*kral, *ɡral | |
畸 | *kral |
剞 | *kral, *kralʔ |
羇 | *kral |
掎 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰrals |
攲 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰral |
躸 | *kral |
踦 | *kralʔ, *kʰral |
*krals | |
徛 | *krals, *ɡralʔ |
欹 | *kʰral, *qral |
*kʰral, *ɡɯl | |
觭 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ |
碕 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ, *ɡral, *ɡɯl |
*kʰralʔ | |
婍 | *kʰralʔ |
*ɡral, *ɡrals | |
琦 | *ɡral |
鵸 | *ɡral |
錡 | *ɡral, *ɡralʔ, *ŋɡralʔ |
輢 | *ɡrals, *qralʔ, *qrals |
齮 | *ŋɡralʔ |
犄 | *qral |
猗 | *qral, *qralʔ |
椅 | *qral, *qralʔ |
旖 | *qral, *qralʔ |
陭 | *qral, *qrals |
檹 | *qral |
漪 | *qral |
倚 | *qralʔ, *qrals |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]- "to commit to one's charge" (Lunyu), "to entrust, communicate" (Liji), > "send (a letter)"
- Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ခိုက် (hkuik, “bring”) & Mizo khai (“to give, to present”)
- "translator, interpreter" > "an alternate name used for the Dongyi tribes during the Ming Dynasty"
- Behr (2004) proposes that
寄 (OC *krals) and its variant 羈 (OC *kral) (used by Gao You when annotating Lüshi Chunqiu) both transcribed an underlying foreign word.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gei3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ki
- Eastern Min (BUC): gié
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei3
- Yale: gei
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei3
- Guangdong Romanization: géi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
- Hakka Romanization System: gi
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi4
- Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gié
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kià - vernacular;
- kì - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kjeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[k](r)aj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krals/
Definitions
[edit]- to entrust (with a task)
- to depend on; to adhere to
- to live away from home
- to place (temporarily); to put; to deposit
- to express or convey (one's feelings) through a medium, such as the thing one describes, composes or paints
- to transmit (an item) on behalf of another person; to send (now chiefly through mail); to post
寄 信 ― jìxìn ― to post a letter
- to use temporarily; to borrow
- to grant; to gift; to bestow
- (historical) government official in charge of translating from and into the speech of non-Chinese ethnic groups in China's east (Dongyi)
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Dá qí zhì, tōng qí yù: dōngfāng yuē jì, nánfāng yuē xiàng, xīfāng yuē dídī, běifāng yuē yì. [Pinyin]
- To make what was in their minds apprehended, and to communicate their likings and desires, (there were officers) - in the east, called transmitters; in the south, representationists; in the west, Di-dis; and in the north, interpreters.
達 其志 ,通 其欲 :東方 曰寄 ,南方 曰象 ,西方 曰狄鞮,北方 曰譯 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
达其志 ,通 其欲 :东方曰寄 ,南方 曰象 ,西方 曰狄鞮,北方 曰译。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (historical) to send criminals into exile to the remote areas in the east, as a form of punishment
- (of a relative) not biological; adopted
- (historical) an alternate name used for the Dongyi tribes during the Ming Dynasty
- (online gaming slang) gg, defeat
- (Internet slang, by extension) to be defeated
- a surname: Ji
Synonyms
[edit]- (to entrust):
付託 /付 托 (fùtuō)勞 慰/劳慰 (nao2 wei4) (Sichuanese, polite)勞 累 /劳累 (láolèi) (polite)囑託 /嘱 托 (zhǔtuō)委託 /委 托 (wěituō)寄託 /寄 托 (jìtuō)打 擾/打 扰 (dǎrǎo) (polite)拜 託 /拜 托 (bàituō) (polite)煩 /烦 (fán) (polite)相 煩 /相 烦 (xiāngfán) (polite)託 付 /托 付 (tuōfù)託 管 /托 管 (tuōguǎn)辛苦 (xīnkǔ) (polite)麻 煩 /麻 烦 (máfan) (polite)- 齪嘈/龊嘈 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- (to depend on):
- 仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
仰 仗 (yǎngzhàng)仰 賴 /仰 赖 (yǎnglài)依 (yī)依 仗 (yīzhàng)依 倚 (Hokkien)依 恃 (yīshì) (literary)依 歸 /依 归 (yīguī) (literary)依託 /依 托 (yītuō)依賴 /依 赖 (yīlài)依 附 (yīfù)依 靠 (yīkào)- 倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
- 倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
借 助 (jièzhù)- 倚賴/倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚靠 (yǐkào)
展 品 棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)- 怙恃 (hùshì) (literary)
- 憑/
凭 (píng) - 憑仗/
凭 仗 (píngzhàng) 憑依 /凭 依 (píngyī)- 憑借/
凭 借 (píngjiè) - 憑恃/
凭 恃 (píngshì) - 憑靠/
凭 靠 (píngkào) 指 (zhǐ)據 /据 歸依 /归依 (guīyī) (literary)- 聊 (liáo) (formal)
賴 /赖 (lài) (literary, or in compounds only)
Compounds
[edit]人生 如寄劉 寄 奴 /刘寄奴 (liújìnú)單 主 寄生 /单主寄生 多 蒙 寄 聲 /多 蒙 寄 声 - 如寄
客寄 家庭 寄 養 /家庭 寄 养 (jiātíng jìyǎng)寄 下 寄 主 (jìzhǔ)寄 乳 (jìrǔ)寄 予 (jìyǔ)寄人 籬 下 /寄人 篱下 (jìrénlíxià)寄 信 (jìxìn)寄 傲寄 名 寄 命 寄 售寄 存 (jìcún)寄宿 (jìsù)寄宿 學校 /寄宿 学校 (jìsù xuéxiào)寄宿 生 (jìsùshēng)寄寓 (jìyù)寄居 (jìjū)寄居 蟹 (jìjūxiè)寄 怨寄 情 (jìqíng)寄 意 (jìyì)寄 懷 /寄 怀寄 押寄 放 (jìfàng)寄書 /寄 书 (jìshū)寄書 郵/寄 书邮寄 望 (jìwàng)寄 柩 寄 款寄 母 (jìmǔ)寄 父 (jìfù)寄生 (jìshēng)寄生 動物 /寄生 动物寄生 昆蟲 /寄生 昆虫 寄生 植物 寄生 火山 寄生 物 (jìshēngwù)寄生 菌 寄生 蜂 (jìshēngfēng)寄生蟲 /寄生虫 (jìshēngchóng)寄生蟲 病 /寄生虫 病 寄生 蠅 /寄生 蝇寄 發 /寄 发寄 監 /寄 监寄 碇 寄 籍 (jìjí)寄 聲 /寄 声 寄 興 /寄 兴寄託 /寄 托 (jìtuō)寄 語 /寄 语 (jìyǔ)寄 費 /寄 费寄 賣 /寄 卖寄 跡 /寄 迹寄 身 寄 遞/寄 递寄附 鋪 /寄附 铺寄 頓 /寄 顿寄 顏 無 所 /寄 颜无所 寄食 (jìshí)寄 養 /寄 养 (jìyǎng)寄 養 之 家 /寄 养之家 戎 寄 投 寄 暢 寄 /畅寄朝 寄 柱石 之 寄 槲 寄生 (hújìshēng)- 浮生如寄
- 浮生
若 寄 生 寄 死 歸 /生 寄 死 归總 包 寄 遞/总包寄 递- 萍寄
託 孤 寄 命 /托 孤 寄 命 - 詭寄/诡寄
身 寄 虎 吻- 郵寄/邮寄 (yóujì)
- 郵寄炸彈/邮寄炸弹
- 酈寄
賣 友 /郦寄卖友 重 寄 (chóngjì)- 閫寄/阃寄
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: gửi
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #7160”, in
臺灣 閩南語 常用 詞 辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- to contribute, to donate
- to call on
- to lodge at somebody else's house
- to be dependent on somebody
- to increase, to gain
- to draw near
- to send away
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: よる (yoru,
寄 る, Jōyō); より (yori,寄 り); よせる (yoseru,寄 せる, Jōyō); よせ (yose,寄 ); よそる (yosoru,寄 る); よそう (yosou,寄 う); よそえる (yosoeru,寄 える); よさる (yosaru,寄 さる); よさす (yosasu,寄 さす)
Compounds
[edit]寄 付 (kifu, “donation”)寄 贈 (kizō, “donation”)寄 生 (kisei)寄 与 (kiyo)寄 席 (yoseseki)寄 道 (yorimichi)年 寄 (toshiyori)
Korean
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