寅とら

寅とら U+5BC5, 寅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC5 ← 寄よせ [U+5BC4] CJK Unified Ideographs 密ひそか → [U+5BC6]

See also: 画が, 宙ちゅう, and 黄き

Translingual

Han character

寅とら (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう一いち中ちゅう金きん (JMLC), four-corner 3080₆, composition ⿱宀⿳一いち由ゆかり八はち)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7204
• Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 936, character 16
• Unihan data for U+5BC5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寅とら

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寅とら
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (寅とら) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
寅とら	*lil, *lin
蔩	*lil, *lenʔ, *lin
鏔	*lil, *li
演えんじ	*lenʔ
縯	*lenʔ, *linʔ
戭	*lenʔ, *linʔ
夤	*lin
螾	*lin, *linʔ
濥	*linʔ, *lins
瞚	*hljuns

Originally an ideogram (指事しじ) : an arrow 矢や wih a distinguishing mark (now 日ひ).

In the modern form the arrowhead has corrupted into 宀.

Etymology

3rd earthly branch

Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "bending, stretching, drawn out" moon phase, i.e. the waning half-moon with a concave flat edge. Smith points to

• the possible relation between 寅とら (OC *lin) and 引 (OC *linʔ, “to stretch, to draw (a bow)”) (noted earlier by James Mellon Menzies); and
• that both graphs 寅とら and 引 were used interchangeably as phonophorics for 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) and 蚓 (OC *linʔ), meaning "worm".

Association with the tiger was possibly arbitrary, just like 辰たつ (chén) with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin³

• Gan (Wiktionary): in⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): în

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ing⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yin²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jan⁴
    • Yale: yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jin²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: in⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: în
    • Tâi-lô: în
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /in¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /in²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /in²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yin
    • MiniDict: yin^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: in²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yij, yin

Rime
Character	寅とら	寅とら
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻いん)	脂あぶら (15)	眞しん (43)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	以脂あぶら切きり	翼つばさ眞しん切きり
Baxter	yij	yin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪ/	/jiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ji/	/jin/
Shao Rongfen	/jɪ/	/jen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ji/	/jin/
Li Rong	/i/	/iĕn/
Wang Li	/ji/	/jĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i/	/i̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí	yín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lil/, /*lin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寅とら	寅とら
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ yij ›	‹ yin ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)ər/	/*[ɢ](r)ər/
English	3rd earthly branch	3rd earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寅とら	寅とら
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15273	15281
Phonetic component	寅とら	寅とら
Rime group	脂あぶら	眞しん
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	姨	寅とら
Old Chinese	/*lil/	/*lin/

Definitions

寅とら

1. (Classical) to revere, respect

   • 同どう寅とら協きょう恭きょう和わ衷哉！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     同どう寅とら协恭きょう和わ衷哉！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Tóng yín xié gōng hé zhōng zāi! [Pinyin]

     When (sovereign and ministers show) a common reverence and united respect for these, lo! the moral nature (of the people) is made harmonious.

2. third of twelve earthly branches (十二支じゅうにし)
3. tiger (虎とら) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese earthly branches) 地ち支ささえ (dìzhī); 子こ, 丑うし (chǒu), 寅とら (yín), 卯う (mǎo), 辰たつ (chén), 巳み (sì), 午うま (wǔ), 未み (wèi), 申さる (shēn), 酉とり (yǒu), 戌いぬ, 亥い (hài) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)}

Compounds

• 同どう寅とら (tóngyín)
• 唐から寅とら
• 寅とら吃ども卯う糧かて／寅とら吃ども卯う粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
• 寅とら憂う夕ゆう惕／寅とら忧夕惕
• 寅とら支ささえ卯う糧かて／寅とら支ささえ卯う粮
• 寅とら時じ／寅とら时 (yínshí)
• 寅とら月がつ (Yínyuè)
• 寅とら清きよし
• 寅とら畏かしこ (yínwèi)
• 寅とら臺だい／寅とら台だい
• 寅とら誼よしみ／寅とら谊
• 寅とら賓まろうど／寅とら宾
• 建たて寅とら
• 陳ちん寅とら恪つとむ／陈寅恪つとむ

 

References

• “寅とら”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #7161”, in 臺灣たいわん閩南語ご常用じょうよう詞し辭典じてん [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

寅とら

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: いん (in)
• Kan-on: いん (in)
• Kun: とら (tora, 寅とら)
• Nanori: とも (tomo); のぶ (nobu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
寅とら
とら Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From 虎とら (tora, “tiger”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とら [tòrá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɾa̠]

• Homophone: 虎とら

Proper noun

寅とら(とら) • (Tora) 

1. the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支じゅうにし, 地ち支ささえ

   Coordinate terms: 子こ, 丑うし, 寅とら, 卯う, 辰たつ, 巳み, 午うま, 未み, 申さる, 酉とり, 戌いぬ, 亥い

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
寅とら
いん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 寅とら (yin).

Proper noun

寅とら(いん) • (In) 

1. the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支じゅうにし, 地ち支ささえ

   Coordinate terms: 子こ, 丑うし, 寅とら, 卯う, 辰たつ, 巳み, 午うま, 未み, 申さる, 酉とり, 戌いぬ, 亥い

Korean

Hanja

寅とら • (in, i) (hangeul 인, 이, revised in, i, McCune–Reischauer in, i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

寅とら: Hán Nôm readings: dần

1. chữ Hán form of Dần (“third of the twelve earthly branches”).

   Hypernyms: 地ち支ささえ, 十二支じゅうにし

   Coordinate terms: 子こ, 丑うし, 寅とら, 卯う, 辰たつ, 巳み, 午うま, 未み, 申さる, 酉とり, 戌いぬ, 亥い

Compounds

• 丙へい寅とら (Bính Dần)
• 壬みずのえ寅とら (Nhâm Dần)
• 庚かのえ寅とら (Canh Dần)
• 戊つちのえ寅とら (Mậu Dần)
• 甲きのえ寅とら (Giáp Dần)