宙ちゅう

宙ちゅう U+5B99, 宙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B99 ← 官かん [U+5B98] CJK Unified Ideographs 定じょう → [U+5B9A]

Translingual

Han character

宙ちゅう (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう中田なかた (JLW), four-corner 3060₂, composition ⿱宀由ゆかり)

Derived characters

• 𥇻, 𦁖, 𫈛, 𡧹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7108
• Dae Jaweon: page 559, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B99

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宙ちゅう

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由ゆかり) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袖そで	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	*ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	*l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬つむぎ	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	*l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙ちゅう	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑かぶと	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油あぶら	*lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由ゆかり	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚ゆず	*lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬いたち	*lɯwɢs
苖	*l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛ふえ	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪すすむ	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸じく	*l'ɯwɢ
舳へ	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *l'ɯwɢs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 由ゆかり (OC *lɯw). It originally represented the farthest place accessible by boat or vehicle and, by extension, came to express the idea of spatial expansion or vastness.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiu
• Eastern Min (BUC): dêu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu⁴ / diu⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū / tiǔ
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zeu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
    • Wade–Giles: chou⁴
    • Yale: jòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau⁶
    • Yale: jauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛu²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu⁴²/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
    • Tâi-lô: tiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiu³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǔ
    • Tâi-lô: tiǔ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zeu
    • MiniDict: zeu^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zeu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjuwH

Rime
Character	宙ちゅう
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	澄きよし (11)
Final (韻いん)	尤ゆう (136)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	直じき祐ゆう切きり
Baxter	drjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwH/
Li Rong	/ȡiuH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宙ちゅう
Reading #	1/1
No.	15519
Phonetic component	由ゆかり
Rime group	奧おく
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	胄
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯwɢs/

Definitions

宙ちゅう

1. (obsolete) (of a house) ridgepole and beams

   • 而燕雀えんじゃく佼之これ，以為不能ふのう與あずか之これ爭そう於宇宙ちゅう之これ間あいだ。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     而燕雀えんじゃく佼之これ，以为不能ふのう与あずか之これ争そう于宇宙ちゅう之これ间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Ér yànquè jiǎo zhī, yǐwèi bùnéng yǔ zhī zhēng yú yǔzhòu zhījiān. [Pinyin]

     So the swallows and sparrows mocked them (the fenghuang), saying that they were incapable of matching them in squabbling among the eaves and roof, ridgepole, and beams.

2. (obsolete, except in 宇宙うちゅう) infinite time

   • 有ゆう實み而無む乎處しょ，有ゆう長なが而無む乎本ほん剽ひょうげ，有ゆう所ところ出で而無む竅者もの有ゆう實み。有ゆう實み而無む乎處しょ者もの，宇也；有ゆう長なが而無む本ほん剽ひょうげ者もの，宙ちゅう也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有ゆう实而无乎处，有ゆう长而无乎本ほん剽ひょうげ，有ゆう所ところ出で而无窍者もの有ゆう实。有ゆう实而无乎处者もの，宇也；有ゆう长而无本ほん剽ひょうげ者もの，宙ちゅう也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù, yǒu cháng ér wú hū běnpiāo, yǒu suǒchū ér wú qiào zhě yǒu shí. Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù zhě, yǔ yě; yǒu cháng ér wú běn piāo zhě, zhòu yě. [Pinyin]

     He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end. He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place, such is his relation to space; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end, such is his relation to time.

   • 宇宙ちゅう在ざい乎手て。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: 《黃き帝みかど陰かげ符ふ經けい》(The Yellow Thearch's Classic of the Hidden Talisman), circa 8th century CE, translated based on James Legge's version.

     Yǔzhòu zài hū shǒu. [Pinyin]

     All space and time are at his disposal.

3. (obsolete) heaven, sky

   • 霜しも凝しこり碧あお宙ちゅう，水みず瑩丹に霄。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     霜しも凝しこり碧あお宙ちゅう，水みず莹丹に霄。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 7th century CE, Wang Bo,《七夕たなばた賦ふ》 (Rhapsody on the Seventh Month's Seventh Night).

     Shuāng níng bì zhòu, shuǐ yíng dān xiāo. [Pinyin]

     Dew forms in the cerulean sky; water-droplets glisten in the scarlet welkin.

4. (geology) eon (geochronologic unit)

Compounds

• 孔あな宙ちゅう碑ひ
• 宇宙うちゅう (yǔzhòu)
• 宇宙塵うちゅうじん／宇宙うちゅう尘 (yǔzhòuchén)
• 宇宙うちゅう射しゃ線せん／宇宙うちゅう射しゃ线 (yǔzhòu shèxiàn)
• 宇宙うちゅう年ねん
• 宇宙うちゅう火箭かせん
• 宇宙うちゅう站
• 宇宙うちゅう線せん／宇宙うちゅう线 (yǔzhòuxiàn)
• 宇宙うちゅう觀かん／宇宙うちゅう观 (yǔzhòuguān)
• 宇宙うちゅう速度そくど (yǔzhòu sùdù)
• 宇宙うちゅう鋒ほこさき／宇宙うちゅう锋
• 宇宙うちゅう飛ひ船せん／宇宙うちゅう飞船 (yǔzhòu fēichuán)
• 宙ちゅう斯 (Zhòusī)
• 島しま宇宙うちゅう／岛宇宙うちゅう
• 漢かん孔あな宙ちゅう碑ひ／汉孔宙ちゅう碑ひ
• 膨脹ぼうちょう宇宙うちゅう／膨胀宇宙うちゅう

 

References

• “宙ちゅう”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市し荔城区く档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宙ちゅう”, in 莆仙方かた言文げんぶん读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.

Japanese

Kanji

宙ちゅう

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. mid-air

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢう (diu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちう (tiu, historical)}
• Kun: そら (sora, 宙ちゅう)、も (mo, 宙ちゅう)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宙ちゅう
ちゅう Grade: 6
kan'on

Noun

宙ちゅう(ちゅう) • (chū) 

1. mid-air

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宙ちゅう (MC drjuwH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뜌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttyúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tyǔ) (Yale: tyǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [주(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

宙ちゅう (eumhun 집 주 (jip ju))

1. hanja form^? of 주 (“infinite time in 우주 (宇宙うちゅう, uju, “space”)”)
2. hanja form^? of 주 (“house; ridgepole; pillar”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 우주 (宇宙うちゅう, uju, “space”)
• 우주선 (宇宙船うちゅうせん, ujuseon, “spaceship”)
• 우주인 (宇宙うちゅう人じん, uju'in, “alien; astronaut”)
• 대우주 (大だい宇宙うちゅう, dae'uju, “macrocosm”)
• 소우주 (小宇宙しょううちゅう, souju, “microcosm”)
• 우주복 (宇宙うちゅう服ふく, ujubok, “spacesuit”)
• 주합루 (宙ちゅう合ごう樓ろう, Juhamnu, “Juhamnu”)
• 우주만물 (宇宙うちゅう萬物ばんぶつ, ujumanmul, “all things”)
• 우주왕복선 (宇宙うちゅう往復おうふく船せん, ujuwangbokseon, “space shuttle”)
• 우주비행사 (宇宙うちゅう飛行ひこう士し, ujubihaengsa, “astronaut”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

宙ちゅう: Hán Nôm readings: trụ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.