Stroke order
Stroke order
午 うま (Kangxi radical 24, 十 じゅう +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人 ひと 十 じゅう (OJ ) or 難 なん 人 ひと 十 じゅう (XOJ ), four-corner 80400 , composition ⿱𠂉 十 じゅう or ⿰丿 干 ひ )
Kangxi Dictionary: page 156 , character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2703
Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 406, character 1
Unihan data for U+5348
Old Chinese
卸 おろし
*sŋjaːs
汻
*hŋaːŋʔ
滸
*hŋaːʔ
午 うま
*ŋaːʔ
仵
*ŋaːʔ
旿
*ŋaːʔ
忤
*ŋaːs
迕
*ŋaːs
杵 きね
*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞
*ŋaʔ
蘌
*ŋaʔ
篽
*ŋaʔ
禦
*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
許 もと
*hŋaʔ
御 お
*ŋas
Pictogram (象形 しょうけい ) – a pestle (now written 杵 きね ).
Norman (1985) proposed connection with Austroasiatic; Ferlus (2013) noted a "[g]ood correspondence" between Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ (whence Vietnamese ngựa ) and Old Chinese reconstructions like *m-qʰˁaʔ (Baxter-Sagart) and *ᵀs.ŋaʔ (Ferlus). Also compare Proto-Hlai *hŋaːʔ ( “ horse ” ) , Proto-Kra *ŋja C ( “ horse ” ) .
Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposed 午 うま (OC *ŋaːʔ )'s cognacy with 啎 (OC *ŋaːs ) "to meet head on" and 御 お (OC *ŋas ) "to meet in (battle)" and suggested that "the moon at its full phase opposes the sun directly in the sky, meaning *ŋaaʔ 午 うま is probably to be glossed, given *-ʔ , ‘facing stage’". Schuessler (2007) regarded 午 うま (OC ŋâh ) "to go against" as a mere graphic variant of 啎 and thus deemed the sense "to go against" distinct from the "earthly branch" sense.
Mandarin
Cantonese
Hakka
Northern Min
Eastern Min
Southern Min
(Hokkien : Xiamen , Zhangzhou , Changtai , Zhao'an , General Taiwanese )
(Hokkien : Quanzhou , Hui'an , Yongchun )
(Hokkien : Zhangpu , Zhao'an , Zhangzhou , dated in Xiamen )
(Hokkien : Zhangzhou , Xiamen , Changtai , General Taiwanese )
Note :
ngó͘/gó͘ — literary;
ngō͘ — popular (俗 ぞく ) variant;
gō͘ — chiefly in 午 うま 時 じ .
Note :
2u/3hhu - literary;
3ngg - vernacular, used in 端午 たんご .
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
午 うま
午 うま
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
wǔ
wǔ
Middle Chinese
‹ nguX ›
‹ nguX ›
Old Chinese
/*[m].qʰˁaʔ/
/*m-qʰˁaʔ/
English
7th earthly branch
resist; cross-wise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
午 うま
Reading #
1/1
No.
13169
Phonetic component
午 うま
Rime group
魚 さかな
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
五 ご
Old Chinese
/*ŋaːʔ/
午 うま
the seventh of twelve earthly branches :
( historical or astrology ) the seventh year of the Jovian orbital cycle
( archaic ) the fifth month of the Chinese traditional calendar
( historical or archaic ) the "Chinese " or "double hour " from 11 am to 1 pm
noon ( precisely )
(Chinese earthly branches ) 地 ち 支 ささえ ( dìzhī ) ; 子 こ , 丑 うし ( chǒu ) , 寅 とら ( yín ) , 卯 う ( mǎo ) , 辰 たつ ( chén ) , 巳 み ( sì ) , 午 うま ( wǔ ) , 未 み ( wèi ) , 申 さる ( shēn ) , 酉 とり ( yǒu ) , 戌 いぬ , 亥 い ( hài ) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches )
For pronunciation and definitions of 午 うま – see 舞 まい (“to dance ; dance ; dancing ; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 舞 まい ).Notes:
午 うま
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji )
noon
From 馬 うま ( uma , “ horse ” ) .
午 うま ( うま ) • (Uma )
the Horse , the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
Hypernyms: 十二支 じゅうにし , 地 ち 支 ささえ
Coordinate terms: 子 こ , 丑 うし , 寅 とら , 卯 う , 辰 たつ , 巳 み , 午 うま , 未 み , 申 さる , 酉 とり , 戌 いぬ , 亥 い
From Middle Chinese 午 うま ( nguX ) .
午 うま ( ご ) • (Go )
the Horse , the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
Hypernyms: 十二支 じゅうにし , 地 ち 支 ささえ
Coordinate terms: 子 こ , 丑 うし , 寅 とら , 卯 う , 辰 たつ , 巳 み , 午 うま , 未 み , 申 さる , 酉 とり , 戌 いぬ , 亥 い
From Middle Chinese 午 うま (MC nguX ).
Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun , 1448
ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale : ngwǒ )
(SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : [o̞(ː)] Phonetic hangul: [오 (ː) ] Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Wikisource
午 うま (eumhun 낮 오 ( nat o ) )
Hanja form? of 오 ( “ noon ; daytime ” ) . [affix]
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際 こくさい 退 すさ 溪 けい 學會 がっかい 大邱 たいきゅう 慶 けい 北 きた 支部 しぶ ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 でんし 字典 じてん . [2]
午 うま : Hán Nôm readings: ngọ , ngỏ , ngõ
chữ Hán form of Ngọ ( “ seventh of the twelve earthly branches ” ) .
Hypernyms: 地 ち 支 ささえ , 十二支 じゅうにし
Coordinate terms: 子 こ , 丑 うし , 寅 とら , 卯 う , 辰 たつ , 巳 み , 午 うま , 未 み , 申 さる , 酉 とり , 戌 いぬ , 亥 い