几何代数
几何积最
标量
几何
定 义与符号 [编辑]
几何
几何积[编辑]
于是
于是,对称积可
- 几何积的
非 广义或 向 量 形式 。
其中,
其中
刃 、次 、规范基 [编辑]
于是,r
则这些归一化向量必须平方为。
这样
次 投影 [编辑]
另见[编辑]
注 释[编辑]
脚注 [编辑]
- ^ Hestenes 1986.
- ^ Li 2008.
- ^ Hestenes 1966.
- ^ Hestenes 2003.
- ^ Doran 1994.
- ^ Lasenby, Lasenby & Doran 2000.
- ^ Hildenbrand et al. 2004.
- ^ Hestenes & Sobczyk 1984.
- ^ Aragón, Aragón & Rodríguez 1997.
- ^ Hestenes 2005.
- ^ Penrose 2007.
- ^ Wheeler, Misner & Thorne 1973.
- ^ Wilmot 1988a.
- ^ Wilmot 1988b.
- ^ Chevalley 1991.
- ^ Wilmot 2023.
参考 文献 [编辑]
- 时间顺序
排列
- Grassmann, Hermann, Die lineale Ausdehnungslehre ein neuer Zweig der Mathematik: dargestellt und durch Anwendungen auf die übrigen Zweige der Mathematik, wie auch auf die Statik, Mechanik, die Lehre vom Magnetismus und die Krystallonomie erläutert, Leipzig: O. Wigand, 1844, OCLC 20521674
- Clifford, Professor. Applications of Grassmann's Extensive Algebra. American Journal of Mathematics. 1878, 1 (4): 350–358. JSTOR 2369379. doi:10.2307/2369379.
- Artin, Emil, Geometric algebra, Wiley Classics Library, Wiley, 1988 [1957], ISBN 978-0-471-60839-4, MR 1009557, doi:10.1002/9781118164518
- Hestenes, David, Space–time Algebra, Gordon and Breach, 1966, ISBN 978-0-677-01390-9, OCLC 996371
- Wheeler, J. A.; Misner, C.; Thorne, K. S., Gravitation, W.H. Freeman, 1973, ISBN 978-0-7167-0344-0
- Bourbaki, Nicolas, Ch. 9 "Algèbres de Clifford", Eléments de Mathématique. Algèbre, Hermann, 1980, ISBN 9782225655166
- Hestenes, David; Sobczyk, Garret, Clifford Algebra to Geometric Calculus, a Unified Language for Mathematics and Physics, Springer Netherlands, 1984, ISBN 9789027716736
- Hestenes, David, A Unified Language for Mathematics and Physics, J.S.R. Chisholm; A.K. Commons (编), Clifford Algebras and Their Applications in Mathematical Physics, NATO ASI Series (Series C) 183, Springer: 1–23, 1986, ISBN 978-94-009-4728-3, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4728-3_1
- Wilmot, G.P., The Structure of Clifford algebra. Journal of Mathematical Physics 29: 2338–2345, 1988a
- Wilmot, G.P., Clifford algebra and the Pfaffian expansion, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 1988b, 29: 2346–2350, doi:10.1063/1.528118
- Chevalley, Claude, The Algebraic Theory of Spinors and Clifford Algebras, Collected Works 2, Springer, 1991, ISBN 3-540-57063-2
- Doran, Chris J. L., Geometric Algebra and its Application to Mathematical Physics (PhD thesis), University of Cambridge, 1994, OCLC 53604228, doi:10.17863/CAM.16148, hdl:1810/251691
- Baylis, W. E. (编), Clifford (Geometric) Algebra with Applications to Physics, Mathematics, and Engineering, Birkhäuser, 2011 [1996], ISBN 9781461241058
- Aragón, G.; Aragón, J.L.; Rodríguez, M.A., Clifford Algebras and Geometric Algebra, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 1997, 7 (2): 91–102, S2CID 120860757, doi:10.1007/BF03041220
- Hestenes, David, New Foundations for Classical Mechanics 2nd, Springer Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7923-5302-7
- Lasenby, Joan; Lasenby, Anthony N.; Doran, Chris J. L., A Unified Mathematical Language for Physics and Engineering in the 21st Century (PDF), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2000, 358 (1765): 21–39, Bibcode:2000RSPTA.358...21L, S2CID 91884543, doi:10.1098/rsta.2000.0517, (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2015-03-19) - Baylis, W. E., Electrodynamics: A Modern Geometric Approach 2nd, Birkhäuser, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8176-4025-5
- Dorst, Leo, The Inner Products of Geometric Algebra, Dorst, L.; Doran, C.; Lasenby, J. (编), Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering, Birkhäuser: 35–46, 2002, ISBN 978-1-4612-0089-5, doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0089-5_2
- Doran, Chris J. L.; Lasenby, Anthony N., Geometric Algebra for Physicists (PDF), Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-71595-9, (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2009-01-06) - Hestenes, David, Oersted Medal Lecture 2002: Reforming the Mathematical Language of Physics (PDF), Am. J. Phys., 2003, 71 (2): 104–121, Bibcode:2003AmJPh..71..104H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.649.7506 , doi:10.1119/1.1522700, (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2010-06-17) - Hildenbrand, Dietmar; Fontijne, Daniel; Perwass, Christian; Dorst, Leo, Geometric Algebra and its Application to Computer Graphics (PDF), Proceedings of Eurographics 2004, 2004, doi:10.2312/egt.20041032, (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2015-09-06) - Hestenes, David, Introduction to Primer for Geometric Algebra, 2005
- Selig, J.M. Geometric Fundamentals of Robotics. Monographs in Computer Science. New York, NY: Springer New York. 2005. ISBN 978-0-387-20874-9. doi:10.1007/b138859 (
英 语). - Bain, J., Spacetime structuralism: §5 Manifolds vs. geometric algebra, Dennis Dieks (编), The ontology of spacetime, Elsevier: 54 ff, 2006, ISBN 978-0-444-52768-4
- Dorst, Leo; Fontijne, Daniel; Mann, Stephen, Geometric algebra for computer science: an object-oriented approach to geometry, Elsevier, 2007, ISBN 978-0-12-369465-2, OCLC 132691969
- Penrose, Roger, The Road to Reality, Vintage books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-679-77631-4
- Francis, Matthew R.; Kosowsky, Arthur, The Construction of Spinors in Geometric Algebra, Annals of Physics, 2008, 317 (2): 383–409, Bibcode:2005AnPhy.317..383F, S2CID 119632876, arXiv:math-ph/0403040v2 , doi:10.1016/j.aop.2004.11.008
- Li, Hongbo, Invariant Algebras and Geometric Reasoning, World Scientific, 2008, ISBN 9789812770110. Chapter 1 as PDF
- Vince, John A., Geometric Algebra for Computer Graphics, Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84628-996-5
- Lundholm, Douglas; Svensson, Lars, Clifford Algebra, Geometric Algebra and Applications, 2009, arXiv:0907.5356v1 [math-ph]
- Perwass, Christian, Geometric Algebra with Applications in Engineering, Geometry and Computing 4, Springer Science & Business Media, 2009, Bibcode:2009gaae.book.....P, ISBN 978-3-540-89068-3, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89068-3
- Selig, J.M. Clifford algebra of points, lines and planes. Robotica. 2000, 18 (5): 545–556. ISSN 0263-5747. S2CID 28929170. doi:10.1017/S0263574799002568 (
英 语). - Bayro-Corrochano, Eduardo, Geometric Computing for Wavelet Transforms, Robot Vision, Learning, Control and Action, Springer Verlag, 2010, ISBN 9781848829299
- Bayro-Corrochano, E.; Scheuermann, Gerik (编), Geometric Algebra Computing in Engineering and Computer Science, Springer, 2010, ISBN 9781849961080 Extract online at http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/html/UAFCG.html #5 New Tools for Computational Geometry and rejuvenation of Screw Theory
- Goldman, Ron, Rethinking Quaternions: Theory and Computation, Morgan & Claypool, Part III. Rethinking Quaternions and Clifford Algebras, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60845-420-4
- Dorst, Leo.; Lasenby, Joan, Guide to Geometric Algebra in Practice, Springer, 2011, ISBN 9780857298119
- Macdonald, Alan, Linear and Geometric Algebra, CreateSpace, 2011, ISBN 9781453854938, OCLC 704377582
- Snygg, John, A New Approach to Differential Geometry using Clifford's Geometric Algebra, Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8176-8282-8
- Hildenbrand, Dietmar, Foundations of Geometric Algebra computing, Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics Icnaam 2012: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2012, 1479 (1): 27–30, Bibcode:2012AIPC.1479...27H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.364.9400 , ISBN 978-3-642-31793-4, doi:10.1063/1.4756054
- Bromborsky, Alan, An introduction to Geometric Algebra and Calculus (PDF), 2014, (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-10-15) - Klawitter, Daniel, Clifford Algebras: Geometric Modelling and Chain Geometries with Application in Kinematics, Springer, 2014, ISBN 9783658076184
- Kanatani, Kenichi, Understanding Geometric Algebra: Hamilton, Grassmann, and Clifford for Computer Vision and Graphics, CRC Press, 2015, ISBN 9781482259513
- Li, Hongbo; Huang, Lei; Shao, Changpeng; Dong, Lei, Three-Dimensional Projective Geometry with Geometric Algebra, 2015, arXiv:1507.06634v1 [math.MG]
- Hestenes, David. The Genesis of Geometric Algebra:A Personal Retrospective. Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras. 2016, 27 (1): 351–379. S2CID 124014198. doi:10.1007/s00006-016-0664-z.
- Dorst, Leo, 3D Oriented Projective Geometry Through Versors of , Springer, 2016, ISBN 9783658076184
- Lengyel, Eric. Foundations of game engine development. Mathematics 1. Lincoln, California: Terathon Software LLC. 2016. ISBN 978-0-9858117-4-7.
- Vaz, Jayme; da Rocha, Roldão, An Introduction to Clifford Algebras and Spinors, Oxford University Press, 2016, Bibcode:2016icas.book.....V, ISBN 978-0-19-878292-6
- Du, Juan; Goldman, Ron; Mann, Stephen. Modeling 3D Geometry in the Clifford Algebra R(4,4). Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras. 2017, 27 (4): 3039–3062. S2CID 126166668. doi:10.1007/s00006-017-0798-7.
- Bayro-Corrochano, Eduardo. Computer Vision, Graphics and Neurocomputing. Geometric Algebra Applications I. Springer. 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-74830-6.
- Breuils, Stéphane. Structure algorithmique pour les opérateurs d'Algèbres Géométriques et application aux surfaces quadriques (PDF) (
学位 论文). université-paris-est. 2018. (原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2019-07-14). - Lavor, Carlile; Xambó-Descamps, Sebastià; Zaplana, Isiah. A Geometric Algebra Invitation to Space-Time Physics, Robotics and Molecular Geometry. Springer. 2018: 1–. ISBN 978-3-319-90665-2.
- Hrdina, Jaroslav; Návrat, Aleš; Vašík, Petr. Geometric Algebra for Conics. Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras. 2018, 28 (3): 66. ISSN 1661-4909. S2CID 253589145. doi:10.1007/s00006-018-0879-2 (
英 语). - Josipović, Miroslav. Geometric Multiplication of Vectors: An Introduction to Geometric Algebra in Physics. Springer International Publishing;Birkhäuser. 2019: 256. ISBN 978-3-030-01756-9.
- Hadfield, Hugo; Lasenby, Joan, Constrained Dynamics in Conformal and Projective Geometric Algebra, Advances in Computer Graphics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12221 (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 2020, 12221: 459–471 [2023-10-03], ISBN 978-3-030-61863-6, S2CID 224820480, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61864-3_39
- Wilmot, G.P. The Algebra Of Geometry. GitHub. 2023.
外部 链接[编辑]
- A Survey of Geometric Algebra and Geometric Calculus Alan Macdonald, Luther College, Iowa.
- Imaginary Numbers are not Real – the Geometric Algebra of Spacetime. Introduction (Cambridge GA group).
- Geometric Algebra 2015, Masters Course in Scientific Computing, from Dr. Chris Doran (Cambridge).
- Maths for (Games) Programmers: 5 – Multivector methods. Comprehensive introduction and reference for programmers, from Ian Bell.
- IMPA Summer School 2010 Fernandes Oliveira Intro and Slides.
- University of Fukui E.S.M. Hitzer and Japan GA publications.
- Google Group for GA
- Geometric Algebra Primer Introduction to GA, Jaap Suter.
- Geometric Algebra Resources curated wiki, Pablo Bleyer.
- Applied Geometric Algebras in Computer Science and Engineering 2018 Early Proceedings
- GAME2020 Geometric Algebra Mini Event
- AGACSE 2021 Videos
English translations of early books and papers
- G. Combebiac, "calculus of tri-quaternions" (Doctoral dissertation)
- M. Markic, "Transformants: A new mathematical vehicle. A synthesis of Combebiac's tri-quaternions and Grassmann's geometric system. The calculus of quadri-quaternions"
- C. Burali-Forti, "The Grassmann method in projective geometry" A compilation of three notes on the application of exterior algebra to projective geometry
- C. Burali-Forti, "Introduction to Differential Geometry, following the method of H. Grassmann" Early book on the application of Grassmann algebra
- H. Grassmann, "Mechanics, according to the principles of the theory of extension" One of his papers on the applications of exterior algebra.
- Geometric Calculus International. Links to Research groups, Software, and Conferences, worldwide.
- Cambridge Geometric Algebra group. Full-text online publications, and other material.
- University of Amsterdam group
- Geometric Calculus research & development (Arizona State University).
- GA-Net blog and newsletter archive. Geometric Algebra/Clifford Algebra development news.
- Geometric Algebra for Perception Action Systems. Geometric Cybernetics Group (CINVESTAV, Campus Guadalajara, Mexico).