孤
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Translingual
editHan character
editDerived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
- Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5B64
Chinese
edittrad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (
Etymology
editRelated to 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”), 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gu1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gu1
- Northern Min (KCR): gú
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ku
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gu
- Wade–Giles: ku1
- Yale: gū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gu1
- Yale: gū
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu1
- Guangdong Romanization: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
- Hakka Romanization System: guˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu1
- Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gu1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gú
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ku⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ku²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ku²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ku²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ku²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ku²¹/ | |
Xining | /kv̩⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ku³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ku³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ku²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ku¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ku¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ku³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ku⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ku³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ku¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ku³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ku³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ku⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ku⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ku⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /ku⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kɔ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ku⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kou³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ku²³/ ~ /kɔu²³/ ~ |
- Middle Chinese: ku
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaː/
Definitions
edit- orphaned; parentless
- alone; solitary
- orphan
- (usually by an emperor or a king) I
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Qín bó sùfú jiāocì, xiàng shī ér kū yuē: “Gū wéi Jiǎnshū, yǐ rǔ èrsānzǐ, gū zhī zuì yě.” [Pinyin]
- The earl of Qin, in white mourning garments, was waiting for them in the borders of the capital, and wept, looking in the direction where the army had been lost. He said, "I have gone against the counsel of Jian Shu and thus brought disgrace on you, my generals; it is my crime."
秦 伯 素 服 郊次,鄉 師 而哭曰:「孤 違 蹇 叔,以辱 二 三 子 ,孤 之 罪 也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]秦 伯 素 服 郊次,乡师而哭曰:「孤 违蹇 叔,以辱 二 三 子 ,孤 之 罪 也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
edit一意 孤 行 (yīyìgūxíng)三 孤 人 孤 勢 單 /人 孤 势单- 伶仃
孤 苦 - 內秉
堅 孤 /内 秉坚孤 六 尺 之 孤 冷 孤 丁 別 鶴 孤 鸞/别鹤孤 鸾勢 窮 力 孤 /势穷力 孤 南面 稱 孤 /南面 称 孤 四 行 孤軍 /四 行 孤 军- 妝孤/妆孤
存 孤 字 孤 孤 丁 孤 丁丁 孤 介 孤 伶伶孤 傲 (gū'ào)孤 僻 (gūpì)孤 光 孤兒 /孤 儿 (gū'ér)孤兒 寡婦 /孤 儿寡妇孤兒 年金 /孤 儿年金 孤兒 院 /孤 儿院 (gū'éryuàn)孤 力 難 為 /孤 力 难为 (gū lì nán wéi)孤 危孤 另孤 另另孤 哀 子 孤 單 /孤 单 (gūdān)孤 嗣孤城 (gūchéng)孤 堆 孤 塗 /孤 涂 (gūtú)孤 墳 /孤 坟孤 墳 野塚 /孤 坟野冢孤 女 (gūnǚ)孤 嫠 (gūlí)孤 子 (gūzǐ)孤 子 (gūzǐ)孤 孑 (gūjié)孤 子 波 (gūzǐ bō)孤 孤 恓恓孤 孤 悽悽/孤 孤 凄 凄 孤 孤 零 零 孤客 (gūkè)孤 家 孤 家 寡人 (gūjiāguǎrén)孤 寂 (gūjì)孤 寒 (gūhán)孤 寡 (gūguǎ)孤 寡不穀 /孤 寡不谷 孤 山 (gūshān)孤島 /孤 岛 (gūdǎo)孤 峭孤 峰 絕 岸 /孤 峰 绝岸孤帆 (gūfān)孤 弱 孤 形 吊 影 孤 形 單 影 /孤 形 单影孤 形 隻影 /孤 形 只 影 孤 征 孤 忠 孤 恓孤 惸孤 憤 /孤 愤孤 拐孤 拔孤 拐臉/孤 拐脸孤 拐面孤 挺 花 (gūtǐnghuā)孤 掌 難 鳴 /孤 掌 难鸣孤 星 淚 /孤 星 泪 孤 本 (gūběn)孤 棲/孤 栖孤 棚 孤 樁/孤 桩孤 標 /孤 标孤 注 孤 波 (gūbō)孤 注 一擲 (gūzhùyīzhì)孤 淒/孤 凄 孤燈 挑盡/孤灯 挑尽孤 特 孤 犢觸乳 /孤 犊触乳 孤獨 /孤独 (gūdú)孤獨 園 /孤独 园孤 獸 /孤 兽孤 王 孤 生 孤 眠 孤 眠 獨 宿 /孤 眠 独 宿 孤 窮 /孤 穷 (gūqióng)孤 窮 一身 /孤 穷一身 孤立 (gūlì)孤立 主義 /孤立 主 义 (gūlìzhǔyì)孤立 子 (gūlìzǐ)孤立 子 波 (gūlìzǐ bō)孤立 波 (gūlìbō)孤立 無 助 /孤立 无助孤立 無援 /孤立 无援 (gūlìwúyuán)孤立 語 /孤立 语 (gūlìyǔ)孤 竹 孤 竹 君 孤絕 /孤 绝孤 老 (gūlǎo)孤 老 院 孤 膽 /孤 胆 孤 臣 孤 臣 孽子孤舟 孤 芳 孤 芳 自 賞 /孤 芳 自 赏 (gūfāngzìshǎng)孤 苦 (gūkǔ)孤 苦 伶仃 (gūkǔlíngdīng)孤 苦 無 依 /孤 苦 无依 (gūkǔwúyī)孤 苦 零 丁 (gūkǔlíngdīng)孤 蓬 孤 虛 /孤 虚 孤 行 (gūxíng)孤 行 己 意 孤 行 己 見 /孤 行 己 见孤 衾 獨 枕 /孤 衾 独 枕 孤 調 調 /孤 调调孤 證 /孤 证 (gūzhèng)孤 負 /孤 负 (gūfù)孤 貧 /孤 贫孤 貧 顛連/孤 贫颠连孤 賤/孤 贱孤 蹤/孤 踪孤 身 (gūshēn)孤 身 隻影 /孤 身 只 影 (gūshēnzhīyǐng)孤軍 /孤 军 (gūjūn)孤軍 作戰 /孤 军作战 (gūjūnzuòzhàn)孤軍 奮戰 /孤 军奋战 (gūjūnfènzhàn)孤軍 深入 /孤 军深入 孤 辰 合 注 孤 迥孤 遊 /孤 游 孤 陋孤 陋寡聞 /孤 陋寡闻 (gūlòuguǎwén)孤 雌 生殖 (gūcí shēngzhí)孤 雛 淚 /孤 雏泪孤 雛 腐 鼠 /孤 雏腐鼠 孤 離 /孤 离孤 雲 /孤 云 孤 雲 野鶴 /孤 云 野 鹤孤 零 零 孤 霜 孤 露 孤 館 /孤 馆孤高 (gūgāo)孤高 自 許 /孤高 自 许孤 鬼 兒 /孤 鬼 儿孤 魂 (gūhún)孤 魂 野 鬼 (gūhúnyěguǐ)孤 鳥 /孤 鸟孤 鴈 孤 鴻 寡鵠/孤 鸿寡鹄孤 鸞/孤 鸾 (gūluán)孤 鸞寡鶴 /孤 鸾寡鹤孤 鸞年/孤 鸾年孤 鸞照命 /孤 鸾照命 - 孽子
孤 臣 - 寡宿
孤 辰 - 寡鵠
孤 鸞/寡鹄孤 鸾 幼 孤 (yòugū)形 孤影 寡形 孤影 隻 /形 孤影 只 德 不孤 ,必有鄰/德 不孤 ,必有邻 (débùgū, bìyǒulín)- 恤孤
- 恤孤
念 寡 - 恤孤
念 苦 - 惜孤
念 寡 - 憐孤惜寡/
怜 孤 惜寡 - 拐孤
- 押孤
丁 - 搶孤/抢孤
撫 孤 /抚孤 (fǔgū)撫 孤 恤寡/抚孤恤寡- 擔孤受寡/担孤受寡
斷 雁 孤 鴻 /断 雁 孤 鸿曙 後 星 孤 /曙 后 星 孤 - 爬孤
棚 獨學 孤 陋/独学 孤 陋獨 根 孤 種 /独 根 孤 种白雲 孤 飛 /白 云 孤 飞- 睽孤
- 矜寡
孤獨 /矜寡孤独 稱 孤 /称 孤 (chēnggū)稱 孤 道 寡/称 孤 道 寡 (chēnggūdàoguǎ)絕世 孤 品 /绝世孤 品 苦心 孤 詣 /苦心 孤 诣裝 孤 /装 孤 託 孤 /托 孤 託 孤 寄 命 /托 孤 寄 命 趙 氏 孤兒 /赵氏孤 儿道 寡稱孤 /道 寡称孤 遺 孤 /遗孤 (yígū)鏡 裡 孤 鸞/镜里孤 鸾閒 雲 孤 鶴 /闲云孤 鹤隻 身 孤影 /只 身 孤影 零 丁 孤 苦 電腦 孤兒 /电脑孤 儿高 悝匿孤 - 鰥寡
孤獨 /鳏寡孤独 (guānguǎgūdú)
References
edit- “
孤 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editCompounds
editCompounds
遺 孤 (iko): orphan孤 雲 (kōn)孤 影 (koei)孤 猿 (koen)孤 介 (kokai)孤 客 (kokaku)孤 雁 (kogan)孤 笈 (kokyū)孤 衾 (kokin)孤 軍 (kogun)孤 閨 (kokei)孤 月 (kogetsu)孤 剣 (koken)孤 高 (kokō)孤 坐 (koza)孤 在 (kozai)孤 山 (kozan)孤 児 (koji)孤 弱 (kojaku)孤 樹 (koju)孤 舟 (koshū)孤 愁 (koshū)孤 称 (koshō)孤 聳 (koshō)孤 城 (kojō)孤 食 (koshoku)孤 身 (koshin)孤 棲 (kosei): living alone孤 絶 (kozetsu)孤 村 (koson)孤 尊 (koson)孤 忠 (kochū)孤 注 (kochū)孤 灯 (kotō)孤 島 (kotō)孤 独 (kodoku)孤 帆 (kohan)孤 平 (kohyō)孤 峰 (kohō)孤 篷庵 (kohōan)孤 本 (kohon)孤 立 (koritsu): isolation孤 塁 (korui)孤 例 (korei)孤 老 (korō)孤 陋 (korō)単 孤 (tanko)徳 は孤 ならず必ず隣 あり (toku wa ko narazu kanarazu tonari ari)孤児 (minashigo)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
こ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
editNoun
editAdjective
editEtymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
みなしご Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
(This term, |
References
editKorean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese
Hanja
editCompounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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