爪つめ

See also: 爫, 瓜ふり, 手て, and 寸すん

爪つめ U+722A, 爪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-722A ← 爩 [U+7229] CJK Unified Ideographs 爫 → [U+722B]

⽖ U+2F56, ⽖ KANGXI RADICAL CLAW ← ⽕ [U+2F55] Kangxi Radicals ⽗ → [U+2F57]

⺥ U+2EA5, ⺥ CJK RADICAL PAW TWO ← ⺤ [U+2EA4] CJK Radicals Supplement ⺦ → [U+2EA6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 爫 – when used as a top radical

Han character

爪つめ (Kangxi radical 87, 爪つめ+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中たけなか人じん (HLO), four-corner 7223₀, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)

1. Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.

Derived terms

• Appendix:Chinese radical/爪つめ
• 𫩜, 𢁬, 抓つめ, 沠, 𤜶, 枛, 𤣺, 𥄄, 𮄨, 𧘷, 䖣, 𧠘, 𧦐, 䝖, 𬦦, 𮠜, 釽(𬬲), 𤔗, 𩨢, 𪗢
• 𦧍, 𧠙, 坕, 𦥝, 𫵕, 𦬔, 𢦞, 𪽫, 𮃹, 𤰰, 笊ざる, 𮍕, 𢦼, 𤰲, 𩬐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 688, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
• Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
• Unihan data for U+722A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爪つめ
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (爪つめ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
抓つめ	*ʔsruː, *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
爪つめ	*ʔsruːʔ
笊ざる	*ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
找	*ʔsruːʔ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手て, 寸すん, 九きゅう.

Etymology 1

trad.		爪つめ
simp. #		爪つめ
alternative forms		㕚 ancient

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhuǎ, zhǎo (zhua³, zhao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄚˇ, ㄓㄠˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cháu
• Jin (Wiktionary): zua²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liáu / niáu / jiáu / chiáu / cháu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riao² / riou²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tsau / ³tsau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, vernacular)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chua³
    • Yale: jwǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
    • Palladius: чжуа (čžua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎr
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎr
    • Wade–Giles: chua³-ʼrh
    • Yale: jwǎr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
    • Palladius: чжуар (čžuar)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
    • Wade–Giles: chao³
    • Yale: jǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
    • Palladius: чжао (čžao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Note:

• zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.

• (Chengdu)
  • Sichuanese Pinyin: zao³
  • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaau²
    • Yale: jáau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zao²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cháu
    • Hakka Romanization System: zau^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zau³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zua²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sua⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu
    • Tâi-lô: liáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liao
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
    • Tâi-lô: niáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niao
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niãu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu
    • Tâi-lô: jiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiao
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
    • Tâi-lô: tsáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zao
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³/

Note:

• liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular (“claw; nail; ”);
• chiáu - vernacular;
• cháu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: riao² / riou²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiáu / jióu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziau⁵²/, /d͡ziou⁵²/

Note:

• riao2 - Shantou;
• riou2 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsau
    • MiniDict: tsau^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³tsau
    • MiniDict: tsau^上うえ
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sæ⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsraewX

Rime
Character	爪つめ
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	莊そう (18)
Final (韻いん)	肴さかな (90)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	側がわ絞しぼ切きり
Baxter	tsraewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠauX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚauX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃauX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨwX/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃauX/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃauX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂauX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爪つめ
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsræwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁ<r>uʔ/
English	claw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爪つめ
Reading #	1/1
No.	17658
Phonetic component	爪つめ
Rime group	幽かそけ
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爪つめ
Old Chinese	/*ʔsruːʔ/

Definitions

爪つめ

1. claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
2. (Hakka) to grab with claws
3. claw-like object; foot (of an item)
4. (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
5. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
6. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) bamboo rake or harrow
7. a surname

Usage notes

• 爪つめ (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
• 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
• 掌てのひら (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
• 手て (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
• 蹄 (tí) ― hooves

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 爪つま子こ (“claw; paw”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		爪つめ
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		爪つま子こ
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	爪つま子こ, 爪つめ兒じ
	Taiwan	爪つま子こ
	Harbin	爪つま子こ
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	爪つま子こ
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	爪つま子こ
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	爪つめ兒じ
	Wanrong	爪つま子こ
	Xi'an	爪つま子こ, 爪つま爪つめ兒じ
	Xining	爪つま子こ
	Xuzhou	爪つま子こ
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	爪つま子こ
	Ürümqi	爪つま爪つめ子こ, 爪つま子こ
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	爪つま爪つめ, 爪つま子こ
	Wuhan	爪つま子こ
	Guiyang	爪つま爪つめ
	Liuzhou	爪つめ
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	爪つま子こ
	Yangzhou	爪つま子こ
	Nantong	爪つま子こ
	Hefei	爪つま子こ
Cantonese	Guangzhou	爪つめ
	Hong Kong	爪つめ
	Yangjiang	爪つめ, 腳爪
Gan	Nanchang	爪つま子こ
	Lichuan	爪つめ
	Pingxiang	腳爪
Hakka	Meixian	腳爪, 爪つめ
	Yudu	腳爪
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	爪つめ
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	爪つめ
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	爪つめ
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	爪つめ
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	爪つめ
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	爪つめ
Huizhou	Jixi	腳爪
Jin	Taiyuan	爪つま爪つめ, 爪つま子こ
	Xinzhou	爪つま子こ
Northern Min	Jian'ou	跤爪, 爪つめ
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	跤爪
Southern Min	Xiamen	跤爪, 爪つめ, 爪つま仔こ
	Quanzhou	跤爪, 爪つめ
	Jinjiang	跤爪
	Zhangzhou	跤爪, 爪つめ
	Chaozhou	爪つめ
	Shantou	爪つめ
	Leizhou	跤爪
	Haikou	跤爪
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	撓たわわ, 爪つめ
Wu	Shanghai	腳爪
	Shanghai (Chongming)	腳爪
	Suzhou	腳爪
	Danyang	腳爪
	Hangzhou	腳爪兒じ
	Ningbo	腳爪
	Wenzhou	腳爪, 爪つめ
	Jinhua	腳鈀
Xiang	Changsha	爪つま子こ, 腳爪子こ
	Loudi	腳爪爪つめ
	Shuangfeng	爪つま子こ

Compounds

• 一いち鱗うろこ一いち爪つめ／一いち鳞一爪つめ
• 一いち鱗うろこ半はん爪つめ／一いち鳞半爪つめ (yīlínbànzhǎo)
• 八はち爪つめ魚ぎょ／八はち爪つま鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
• 冰爪
• 展てん爪つめ
• 張ちょう牙きば舞まい爪つめ／张牙舞まい爪つめ (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
• 心こころ膂爪牙きば
• 手て爪つめ (shǒuzhuǎ)
• 探さがせ爪つめ兒じ／探さがせ爪つま儿
• 握にぎ拳こぶし透とおる爪つめ
• 東ひがし鱗うろこ西にし爪つめ／东鳞西にし爪つめ (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
• 熊くま爪つめ
• 熱ねつ爪つま哇／热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
• 爪つめ兒じ／爪つま儿
• 爪印つめいん
• 爪つま哇 (Zhǎowā)
• 爪つま哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
• 爪つま哇國／爪つま哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
• 爪つま哇島／爪つま哇岛
• 爪つま哇族
• 爪つま塔とう
• 爪つめ士し
• 爪つま子こ (zhǎozi)
• 爪つま字じ頭あたま／爪つま字じ头 (zhǎozìtóu)
• 爪つま尋ひろ／爪つま寻
• 爪つま尖とんが兒こ／爪つま尖とんが儿
• 爪つま枯
• 爪牙そうが (zhǎoyá)
• 爪牙そうが之の士し
• 爪牙そうが之の將はた／爪牙そうが之の将はた
• 爪牙そうが吏
• 爪牙そうが官かん
• 爪つま甲かぶと
• 爪つま甲かぶと點てん金きん／爪つま甲かぶと点てん金きん
• 爪痕つめあと
• 爪つま老ろう
• 爪つま袖そで
• 爪つま角かく
• 爪つま蹄類／爪つま蹄类
• 爪つま章あきら
• 片鱗へんりん半はん爪つめ／片かた鳞半爪つめ
• 牙きば爪つめ
• 犬いぬ牙きば鷹たか爪つめ／犬いぬ牙きば鹰爪
• 狗いぬ爪つま子こ
• 祿ろく山やま之の爪つめ／禄ろく山やま之の爪つめ
• 繫爪／系けい爪つめ
• 能のう牙きば利り爪つめ (néngyálìzhǎo)
• 舞まい爪つま張ちょう牙きば／舞まい爪つま张牙
• 虎とら爪つま拳こぶし
• 虎とら爪つま豆まめ
• 通つう眉まゆ長ちょう爪つめ／通つう眉まゆ长爪
• 鉤かぎ爪つめ／钩爪
• 鉤かぎ爪つま鋸のこ牙きば／钩爪锯牙
• 鋸のこ牙きば鉤かぎ爪つめ／锯牙钩爪
• 雞爪／鸡爪
• 雞爪釘くぎ／鸡爪钉
• 雪ゆき泥どろ鴻おおとり爪つめ／雪ゆき泥どろ鸿爪
• 飛ひ爪つめ／飞爪
• 飛ひ鴻おおとり雪ゆき爪つめ／飞鸿雪ゆき爪つめ
• 魔ま爪つめ (mózhǎo)
• 鱗うろこ爪つめ／鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
• 鱉爪／鳖爪
• 鳥とり爪つめ／鸟爪
• 鳳おおとり爪つめ／凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
• 鴻おおとり爪つめ／鸿爪
• 鵰心雁かり爪つめ／雕心雁かり爪つめ
• 鷹たか爪つめ／鹰爪
• 鷹たか爪つま功こう／鹰爪功こう
• 鷹たか爪つま毛け兒じ／鹰爪毛げ儿
• 龍りゅう爪つめ／龙爪
• 龍りゅう爪つめ書しょ／龙爪书
• 龍りゅう爪つま槐えんじゅ／龙爪槐えんじゅ

 

Etymology 2

trad.		爪つめ
simp. #		爪つめ
alternative forms		抓つめ

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niàu / liàu / jiàu

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niàu
    • Tâi-lô: niàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niaux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /niãu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /niãu¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàu
    • Tâi-lô: liàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaux
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiàu
    • Tâi-lô: jiàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiaux
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau²¹/

Definitions

爪つめ

1. (Southern Min) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
2. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.

Compounds

• 爪つめ目め
• 爪つま耙仔
• 爪つま解かい
• 爪つま鼻はな

 

References

• “爪つめ”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

爪つめ

(Jōyō kanji)

1. nail, claw

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪つめ, Jōyō)、つま (tsuma, 爪つめ, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
爪つめ
つめ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *tumay. The standalone form of tsuma below.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つめ [tsùmé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨme̞]

Noun

爪つめ(つめ) • (tsume) 

1. nail; claw

Derived terms

• 鷹たか(たか)の爪つめ(つめ) (taka no tsume)

 

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
爪つめ
つま Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. The root form of tsume above, generally only used in compounds. Cognate with 端はし (tsuma, “edge, side of something”) and 妻つま (tsuma, “wife”, original sense of “spouse”).

Affix

爪つめ(つま) • (tsuma) 

1. (only in compounds) nail; claw

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 爪つめ(つま)音おと(おと) (tsumaoto, “the sound of a stringed instrument when plucked with a pick or plectrum; the sound of a horse's hoofbeat”)
• 爪つめ(つま)弾たま(び)く (tsumabiku, “to pluck with one's fingernail, such as a stringed instrument”)
• 爪つめ(つま)折おり(お)る (tsumaoru, “to pick or break something off with one's fingernails”)
• 爪つめ(つま)隠かくれ(かくし), 爪つめ(つま)隠かくれ(かく)し (tsumakakushi, “hiding one's claws; a kind of zōri grass sandal, where the front end extends and folds over the tops of the toes”)
• 爪つめ(つま)先さき(さき) (tsumasaki, “tiptoe”)
• 摘(つ)まむ (tsumamu, “to pinch; to pick at; to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers”)
• 摘(つ)む (tsumu, “to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers; to snip the tip off of something”)
• 躓(つまず)く (tsumazuku, “to stumble”)
• 爪つめ(つま)楊(よう)枝えだ(じ) (tsuma yōji, “a small toothpick”)

Khitan

Etymology

Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *ǰaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).

Numeral

爪つめ (jau)

1. hundred (100)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 爪つめ (MC tsraewX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〮 (cwó) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

爪つめ (eumhun 손톱 조 (sontop jo))

1. hanja form^? of 조 (“nail; claw”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 가조 (假かり爪つめ, gajo)
• 유조류 (有ゆう爪つめ類るい, yujoryu)
• 유조동물 (有ゆう爪つま動物どうぶつ, yujodongmul)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

爪つめ: Hán Nôm readings: trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.